must contain an absolute minimum of material which is not readily intelligible to the student and should contain no material for which the text has not already supplied a basis. Thus, if a student is still grappling with the aliphatics, the appearance of even a single benzene ring in an otherwise entirely intelligible article will cause him to flounder helplessly. Such an article will be condemned by the demoralized student as being entirely beyond his depth--or over his head. Even now the recollection of some of the comments received on one particular theoretical article, which on first consideration appeared to offerno excessive or unreasonable difficulties is discomforting. Some articles assigned quite unhesitatingly were as unhesitatingly graded D. This was the lowest grade given; apparently the simple fact of publication warranted a passing grade. Other articles assigned with some misgiving were received with acclaim as the best article to date. Such judgments, of course, are not entirely trustworthy. For example, in one extreme instance the same article was cited by one student as the worst yet assigned and by another as the best he had yet read-without, however, specification as to precisely how many he had read. One paper dealing with fluorides as refrigerants, assigned with some trepidation, brought forth a series of enthusiastic comments from a group of premedical students elated with the details of some animal experiments designed to test the toxicity of the refrigerants. This, apparently, was their first contact in chemistry with anything which seemed to them of direct bearing on their medical work. It is necessary, also, to strike a balance between articles which are essentially theoretical, industrial, and historical in nature. The average liberal arts student will resent the introduction of an excessive amount of material which is essentially industrial or engineering chemistry in nature. He will similarly resent an excess of the purely historical type of material, as it seems to him that this simply adds to the burden of an already overladen course. The chief difficulty and probably the prime reason for the relatively few extra-textual assignments lies in the difficulty of securing adequate numbers of the requisite journals. Smaller institutions simply do not subscribe to such journals, and larger institutions do not have a sufficient number of copies for their correspondingly larger numbers of students. Last year the problem was solved temporarily by using borrowed journals. A successful assignment was readily recognized when the journal was returned, for the relation between article interest and journal depreciation was simple and direct. One issue which contained a symposium on fermentation simply could not be used again. On the whole, the students suffered less than the journals. For this year a volume of those articles which seemed most desirable from the point of view of student reaction and educational value was reproduced in lithoprinted form. Lithoprinting the complete articles, essentially a photographic process, permits the exact, facsimile reproduction of the material as it appears in the journals, and at a considerably lower cost than
-
would he required for printing. The editors of the various journals have been extremely generous in giving permission to reproduce articles. In this way a volume of about thirty articles was reproduced to be sold to stuTABLE 1 TABLBOR C O N ~ T~m Tm ~IIOM ''COLLAT~RAI. RBADINOSIN OBOAN~E
Caamsrar"
I. 11.
The Romance of Carbon. Arthur D. Little, Ind. Eng. Ckrm., 18,444-51 (1926) 1 A. The Number of Isomeric Hydrocarbons of the Methane Series. HR. Heme and Charles M. Blair, 3. Am. Ckcm. Soc.. 58, 3077-85 (1931). 9 B. The Number of Structural Isomers of Certain Homologs of Methane and Methanol. Douplass Perry. 3. Am. Cham. Soc.. 54. 2918-21 (1932). 11 A. The Petroleum Industry of 1935. J. Bennett Hill. a ~519-24 , (1935) m d . ~ n g Ckem., . 12 B. Pmgress in Petroleum Hydrogenation. News Edition, Ind. Ens. Chem.. 10, 205-7 (1932). 18 A. Acetylene Polymers and Their Derivatives. I. The Controlled ~olymerization of Acetylene. J. A. Nieuwland, W. S. Calcott. F. B. Doming, and A. S. Carter, 3. Am. C k m . Sm.. 53, 4197-202 (1931) 19 B. Acetylene Polymers and Their Derivatives. 11. A New Synthetic Rubber: Chloroorene and i t s P o k mers. w d a c e H. Carothcrs, 1k Williamr, h o i d M. Collins, andJames E. Kirby, 3. Am. Cham.Soc., 53, 4203-25 (19311. ................................. 22 C. Economies of Synthetic Rubber. E. R. B t i d e e r . Ind. Enp. Cham.. 17, 394-8 (1938)................... 25 Organic Fluorides as Refrigerants. ThoMidgiey, Jr. and Albert L. Henne, Ind. Eng. Ckrm.. 22,542-5 (1930). 30 A. Chemicals Derived from the Fentanes. Nrwr Edition, Ind. Eng. Chrm., 11, 334 (1933). 33 B. Amyl Alcohols fmm the Pentanes. Eugene E. Ayres, 34 Ind. EW ckem., al, 899-904 (1929). Butand Fermentation prC.2e.s. C. L. Gabtiel. Ind. En& Chcm.,20,1063-7 (1928) ............................. 39 Early History of Acetaldehyde and Formaldehyde. Frederick Walker, J. Cmx. Eouc., 10. 5 4 6 5 1 (1933). 44 Organic ~ ~ u t e r i uCompounde. m ~ c e t i e~, a l o n i eand , Suecinic Adds. J. 0. Halford andLeigh C. Anderson, J. Am. cham. sor., 58. 73-40 (1938). ........................ 50 Metallic Soap-Their Uses. Preparation, and Properties. Willett F. Whitmore and Michael Lauro, Ind. Ens. chrm., aa, 846-9 (1930 )... ............................ 55 A. The Catalytic Hydrogenation of Organic Compounds over copper Chromite. Homer Adki"~ and Ralph Connor, I . Am. Chem. Soc.. 58, 1091-5 (1931). . . . . 58 B. The Catalytic Hydrogenation of Esters to Almhhls. Homer Adkios and Kad Falkers, 3. Am. Chrm. Soc.. 53,1095-7 (1931) 60 C. The Preparation of Copper-Chromium Oxide Catalysts for Hydrogenation. Ralph Connor. g a r 1 Polkas, and Homer Adkins, J. Am. Ckcm. Soc., 53,2012 (1931). 81 D. Hszards in Catalytic Hydrogenation at Elevated Temperatures and Freswres. Homer Adkinr. 3. Am. Ckam.Soc ., S8,28Os-S(1931) ..................... 61 E. sulfonated xigher ~ l m h o l s . D. H. Killeffer, Ind. E n 8 Chcm., 25, 1 3 W 0 (19331.. 62 Contemporary Reception of Wbhler's Discovery of the Syothesis of Urea. W. H.Warrm. 1. C m u . Eonc., 5.1539-53 (1928) .............................................. 64 A. 5,5Subrtituted Barbituric Acids. E. H. Volwiler and D. L. ~ ~J. A b~ them. . ~SOG.. 59, ~ 1878-79 ~ (1930). , 71 B. Phyrieo-Chemical Properties and Hypnotic Action of Substituted Earhituric Adds. D.L. Tabernand E.P. 73 &berg, J. Am. Ckcm. Soc., 55, 32-32 (1933) ...... Cellulose in Industry. H-ey J. Skinner, Ind. Enc. Cham.. 24. 896704 (1932) ............................. 75 The Evolution of Nutrition. 1.G. Archibald. J. C a a v . Eooc.. 11,801-8(1934) ..................................... 86 The Ozonides of Ortho-Xylene and the Strvctvreof the Benzene Ring. A. A. Levine and A. 0. Cole. 3. Am. Chrm. Soc.,54,33&41 (1932) ............................... 94 Modern Developmmtn in Synthetic Resins. Carleton Ellis, rnd. EXE. them.. 16, 87-40 (1934). ................... 96 Development of Synthetic Phenol from Benzene Halides. William J. Hale and Edgar C. Btitton, Ind. E m . Chsm., a0,114-24(1928) ................................... IW The Structure of Naphthalene. Louis 8 . Fieser and Warren C. Lothrop. 3. Am. Ckcm. Soc.. 57. 1459-84 (1935)....... 111 Relation of the Dyestuff IndvsVy t o Other Industries. Ivan 115 Gubelman, Ind. Ena. Chem.. 27, 81-26 (1935). Prize Winners in Chemistry-Nobel Prize. James A. Funkhouner, N ~ w aE d i l i a . Ind. Eng. Ckcm.. 14, 182 (1938). 124 ...
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111. IV.
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v. VI. VII. VIII.
IX. X. XI.
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XII.
XIII.
XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII.
XIX. XX.
XXI. Appendi:
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dents for a dollar.* That does not seem an excessive sum chemistrv. to add to the student's investment in organic " It is recognized that such a collection has the disadvantage of not giving the students direct access to the journals proper. However, this does take the first step, and i t is planned to supplement this collection toward the end of the year, after ample opportunity has been provided for the student to become oriented, with additional individually selected articles. On the other hand, this method of presentation has several advantages from a pedagogical point of view. An opportunity is nrovided to include the small amount of introductorv or explanatory material which will frequently clarify any minor, hut, nevertheless, annoying difficulties a student may encounter. Another advantage is that several related articles appearing a t different times, possibly in different journals, may be grouped together, giving a more unified picture to the student who has not yet learned to correlate readily the content of different articles. In such cases, instead of taking the entire articles, only the relevant portions of the various articles need be reproduced. A wider range of selection is permitted,
* GOLDBLATT, L. A., "Collateral readings in organic chemis-
try," Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1936. v 127 pp., 21.5 X 27.5 ern. $1.00.
+
since the more difficult,or less pertinent, portions of an article may he omitted. A very definite advantage is that the student has the volume a t home a t his desk where i t is available at all times for leisure reading, and he will not have to go the library for this material. We all know, from our own experience, that we are much more likely to read our chemical journals regularly when they arrive at our desk than when we depend upon a lihrary copy. On the whole, provided it is sufficiently stressed that these are simply samples of what is to be found in the literature, and that the student is subsequently encouraged to do some sampling on his own account, the advantages of this method of presentation more than counterbalance the disadvantages. The order of presentation of topics is that followed generally by texts in elementary organic chemistry. However, since the individual topics are treated as units and are not cumulative they may be assigned in any desired order. An appendix is included to furnish introductory or explanatory material and to cite one or two additional references to other suitable articles on each of the topics discussed. The list of articles as it appears in the Table of Contents is given in Table 1, and the space devoted to each topic may be inferred from the page numbers.
