Books Collision Spectroscopy
Edited by
R.
G . COOKS
Collision Spectroscopy. R. G. Cooks, Ed. xiv + 458 pages. Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 West 17th St., New York, N.Y. 10011. 1978. $44.50
Reviewed by Karsten Levsen, Institut for Physikalische Chemie, Universitat Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53 Bonn, Germany This book covers inelastic ion molecule collision at high energy. Such reactions can be studied through measurements of translational energy. A variety of terms such as energy-loss spectrometry, translational energy spectrometry, and ion kinetic-energy spectrometry have been used to describe such studies. The various aspects of this subject ranging from collisional excitation and charge-exchange reactions to collision-induced dissociations, and from fundamental studies to analytical applications have been treated in seven chapters by established experts in this field. Since this book is aimed at readers with different backgrounds, including those with little knowledge of collision processes, the terms and fundamental concepts used in collision spectroscopy are briefly summarized in an introductory chapter which also gives a concise survey over the subjects treated in the various chapters. Collisional excitation of simple systems is discussed by J. T. Parks in Chapter 1. The emphasis is on atom systems studied both by energy loss and photon emission measurements. Chapter 2 by R. E. Johnson and J. W. Boring describes charge transfer reactions in atomic systems from both a theoretical and experimental point of view. Chapter 3 by Q. C. Kessel, E. Pollack, and W. W. Smith is entitled "Inelastic Energy Loss" and covers both charge exchange and excitation reactions, mainly for atomic systems. A molecular orbital theory of inelastic collisions is presented. The chapter includes a discussion of time-of-flight measurements for the study of the fast
neutral products of inelastic collisions as well as ion-photon and photon-photon coincidence techniques. Chapter 4 by J. Appell deals with charge inversion of positively charged ions. Applications of these measurements to the determination of double ionization potentials and state assignments are reported. The types of mass spectra that can be obtained by charge-changing reactions (i.e., by charge stripping or charge exchange) are discussed by D. L. Kemp and R. G. Cooks in Chapter 5. Such spectra give valuable insight into the gas-phase chemistry of ions, in particular, the structure of singly or doubly charged positive as well as negative ions. Collision-induced dissociations of diatomic ions are treated by J. Los and T. R. Govers in Chapter 6. Such collision-induced excitation may either occur by excitation to a dissociative state (direct dissociation) leading to a smooth distribution of translational energies, or by predissociation from an intermediate state, which gives rise to discrete peaks in the translational energy distribution. In the latter case, vibrational levels can be determined with an accuracy which approaches that of spectroscopic measurements of neutral molecules. The last chapter by R. G. Cooks covers collision-induced dissociation of polyatomic ions. In recent years such reactions have been widely used by organic mass spectrometrists to elucidate ion structures and decomposition mechanisms. Moreover, analytical applications such as the structure elucidation of molecules and the direct analysis of mixtures have been reported. This chapter contains a clear presentation of both the fundamental aspects of collision-induced dissociations of ions as well as the various applications. This book will certainly contribute to promote the until-now only limited scientific communication between the various fields of research in collisional spectroscopy. It can be recommended not only to readers with interest in collision processes but to mass spectrometrists in general. The only shortcoming is the obviously rather large time lag between completion of the individual manuscripts and the final publication. Thus, in several chapters only literature until 1975 could be included.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Applications to Chemical Systems. Vol. 1. J. R. Ferraro and L. J. Basile, Eds. viii + 311 pages. Academic Press Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1978. $25
Reviewed by G. Mamantou and J. A. de Haseth, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. 37916 Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a very widely used analytical tool. However, conventional grating IR spectrometers are not very adequate for a number of applications, particularly those involving weak bands, extremely high resolution, or very short measurement times. The advent of commercial Fourier transform (FT) IR spectrometers has enabled the scientist to tackle successfully a number of areas that are more difficult or impossible to investigate with grating spectrometers. This volume treats several chemical applications of FT-IR. It has seven chapters that (in chronological order) cover matrix isolation studies using FTIR (by D. W. Green and G. T. Reedy), applications of FTIR to polymers and biological macromolecules (L. D'Esposito and J. L. Koenig), IR emission spectroscopy (J. B. Bates), gas chromatography and FTIR (P. R. Griffiths), high-pressure IR interferometry (J. L. Lauer), far IR interferometry (J. R. Durig and A. W. Cox, Jr.), and applications of FTIR to national technical problems (by the editors of this volume, J. R. Ferraro and L. J. Basile). The chapter by Green and Reedy includes a concise introduction to FTIR and to matrix isolation (MI); it reviews all of the applications that involve coupling of FTIR and MI. The chapter by D'Esposito and Koenig treats recent advances in molecular spectroscopy of macromolecules using FTIR. Bates' chapter is a comprehensive review of emission spectroscopy including IR chemiluminescence. Griffiths' chapter deals with the coupling of GC and FTIR, a topic of considerable current interest. Lauer's chapter on high-pressure IR interferometry, although of limited interest to analytical chemists, includes applications to liquid lubricants and polymers. The chapter by Durig and Cox reviews various aspects of far IR interferometry. Ferraro and Basile 's chapter outlines uses of FTIR in atmospheric pollu-
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 51, NO. 1, JANUARY 1979 · 83 A
Books
Why there's no better acid than a Corco acid.
tion, space exploration, and energyrelated problems. In general, the chapters are well written. Each chapter is a good survey of the topic presented. Unfortunately, most references were published in 1976 or before. The book contains a significant number of typographical errors. In the copy of the book received by these reviewers, the caption for Figure 18 on page 167 was partially cut off. Overall, this book can be definitely recommended to all interested in applications of FTIR to chemical problems. It represents a useful complement to the more comprehensive treatments of FTIR theory in the books by Griffiths and Bell. Theoretical Foundations of Electron Spin Resonance. John E. Harriman. xiii + 399 pages. Academic Press Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1978. $39
Reviewed by Larry Dalton, Chemistry Dept., Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.27235
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"Theoretical Foundations of Electron Spin Resonance" by John E. Harriman provides a detailed quantum mechanical characterization of the fundamental electron spin resonance phenomena, particularly the electron spin resonance of polyatomic free radicals in condensed phases. With the exception of Chapter 0, this text is written for the quantum mechanician with an interest in static ESR phenomena; the experimental aspects of the technique are ignored as are dynamic effects such as relaxation effects (motional modulation of resonance lines). My first reaction was that this book was already dated in that it ignored the subjects most commonly encountered in current ESR literature and was really in the class of applied or "working" quantum chemistry texts such as "Approximate Molecular Orbital Theory" by Pople and Beveridge (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970). Consequently, I foresaw the primary use of this text as a reference in intermediate and advanced quantum chemistry courses. However, the more I read this text, the more I found it useful, even in theoretical calculations of dynamic events. Harriman begins with the Dirac equation and discusses the origin of magnetic energy levels (Chapter I). Included is a discussion of relativistic effects, a topic I have found in few other texts. Chapter II deals with the description of magnetic energy levels and will be readable by most of the serious practitioners of ESR. It is this chapter that
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84 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 51 , NO. 1, JANUARY 1979
most closely approaches the subject matter of other ESR texts. Chapter III, entitled "Calculations", deals with the quantum mechanical calculation of the strength of various magnetic interactions by the various approximate methods that have evolved over the years (Hartree-Fock methods, etc.). In conclusion, I highly recommend this text for those quantum mechanicians performing fundamental calculations of time-independent magnetic interactions. The discussion of the origin of magnetic interactions makes this text a useful reference for other magnetic resonance theoreticians and for bright graduate students who desire a thorough understanding of the fundamental ESR phenomena.
New Books Porous Silica. Its Properties and Use as Support in Column Liquid Chromatography. Klaus K. Unger. Approx. 300 pages. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., P.O. Box 211, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1979. $52.25
Volume 16 of the "Journal of Chromatography Library" series provides information on the properties of silica and its chemically bonded derivatives in context with its chromatographic behavior. The first part deals with the physical and chemical properties of silica including pore structure, surface chemistry, particle preparation, and characterization. The second part surveys the widespread application of untreated and chemically modified silica as adsorbent, support, and ion exchanger in the four modes of HPLC—adsorption, partition, ion exchange, and size exclusion chromatography. A separate chapter is devoted to packing procedures and performance of silica columns. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Thomas A. Carlson, Ed. xiii + 341 pages. Dowden Hutchinson & Ross, Inc., P.O. Box 699, Stroudsburg, Pa. 18360. 1978. $31
There are 37 papers in this book contributed by 77 authors. The papers are divided into seven parts: history and instrumentation (8), chemical shifts (4), final state effects (8), cross sections and angular distribution (5), photoelectron spectroscopy of the outer shell (3), surface studies (2), and applications (7). At the beginning of each of the subdivided parts, comments on the papers are given by the editor.
