C&EN
COMMERCIAL CHEMICALS
PROGRESS REPORT
Companies added these products to their lines during the past four weeks Material Hexamethoxymethylmelamine (Cymel 300) Vinyl compound (9202) Silicone rubber (Silastic RTV 588) Erucic acid Acids, esters, and amines Nicotinonitrile (3-cyanopyridine) Polysulfide rubber (Thiokol ZR-454) 1,2,6-Hexanetriol
Company
Suggested Uses Include
American Cyanamid Co. Plastics and Resins Division Wallingford, Conn. Blane Chemical Corp. Canton, Mass. Dow Corning Corp. Midland, Mich. Fallek Products Co., Inc. New York, N.Y. Henley & Co. New York, N.Y. Nepera Chemical Co., Inc. Harriman, N.Y. Thiokol Chemical Co. Trenton, N.J.
Cross-linking agent for polymers con taining carboxyl, hydroxyl, or epoxide groups Use requiring very high insulation re sistance at temperatures up to 90° C. Use for flexible molds. Cures at room temperature
Union Carbide Corp. Union Carbide Chemicals Co. New York, N.Y. Linde Co. Tonawanda, N.Y.
Liquid neon
Organic intermediates for production and research Intermediate with higher purity Prepeptized crude rubber that has in creased .resistance to certain chemi cals, oils, and solvents Urethahe-grade purity Ultra low-temperature research
Available in commercial quantities unless otherwise noted.
Quaker Oats Pins THFA Hopes on Plasticizers Quaker Oats is getting set to push its new use for tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol ( T H F A ) . The use is as an inter mediate to make premium plasticizers for specialty applications. Esters of THFA, the company says, are finding growing use as PVC plasticizers—par ticularly for light colored vinyl floor ing. Quaker Oats has been trying to find major outlets for its furfural for quite some time (C&EN, March 20, 1961, page 35). Behind THFA's hopes as a plasticizer alcohol are properties and price. Compared to many conventional plas ticizers, THFA esters give better stain resistance, have higher solvency in PVC, and aren't as volatile at process ing temperatures. Improvements in the production process have enabled Quaker Oats to slash THFA's price to 25 cents per pound in tank car lots. Still, THFA is in for a tough time in the highly competitive plasticizer market. THFA esters aren't easy to make, are currently priced at 30 to 35 cents per pound. Dioctyl phthalate, which has the biggest cut of the plas ticizer market for homogeneous or light colored vinyl flooring, sells for 2 0 1 / 2 52
C&EN
FEB.
19,
1962
cents per pound. And the total market for plasticizers in homogeneous vinyl flooring is only about 20 million lb. In spite of this, Quaker Oats is banking a lot of its hopes on vinyl flooring. Ditetrahydrofurfuryl phthal ate is one good reason. Compared with other stain-resistant plasticizers, it has outstanding nonstaining proper ties, Quaker Oats says. Although THFA plasticizers don't have particularly high efficiency, they do have low plastisol viscosities (high solvency). Both tetrahydrofurfuryl tallate and tetrahydrofurfuryl rosin tallate, for instance, have very low plastisol viscosities which increase very little with time. THFA esters are less volatile than many commercial plasticizers, give less fuming—despite their low molecular weights. For example, tetrahydrofur furyl tallate (molecular weight 362) loses only 3% by weight in an ac tivated carbon volatility test while di octyl adipate with a molecular weight of 370 loses 12%. Advantages of THFA esters don't end here. Many of them have low temperature properties on a par with commercial plasticizers. And THFA's heterocyclic 5-membered ring makes many variations possible.
Westinghouse Has Controller For Medium-voltage Motors A medium-voltage motor controller specifically designed for the widely used 2300-volt motors is now avail able from Westinghouse Electric, Buf falo, N.Y. Westinghouse's general purpose controls department designed the controller as replacement for 5000volt starters formerly modified for use with medium-voltage motors. Westinghouse says that motors rated for 2300 volts are used in air compressing, heavy materials convey ing, and air conditioning. In the re fining and processing industries they are also used with chipping, pulveriz ing, and mixing equipment. The Ampgard 2500 motor controller is rated at 2500 volts, 200 amps, 3phase, 50 to 60 cycle a.c. It can ac commodate squirrel cage, synchronous, and wound rotor motors up to 700 hp. for across-the-line or reduced volt age starting. The unit is one fourth the size of modified 5000-volt models. The basic unit requires only 4.6 sq. ft. of floor space. The new controller is delivered complete, with fuses in place. It can be mounted on the floor, wall, or over head, or stacked. Ε 30
VIRGINIA
CHEMICAL DIVISION
Technical Service and Reducing Agents
VIRGINIA CHEMICALS & SMELTING COMPANY WEST NORFOLK, VA.
GET MORE FOR YOUR REDUCING-AGENT DOLLAR In a business where many products are theoretically equal, "Virginia" has built a reputation for offering you something extra. Extra purity in its products; extra speed and reliability in delivery; extra caliber in its technical assistance. Alto gether, these benefits very often spell extra profits for "Virginia" customers.
new or improved processes involving mild reducing agents. Successful applica tion already includes its use in pharma ceuticals and photographic chemicals; manufacture of oximes as antiskinning agents for paints ; stabilization of fats and oils; production of synthetic polymers.
Sodium Bisulfite
For Your S02 Requirements Few industrial chemicals are obtainable at such high purity (99.98%) as "Virginia" liquid sulfur dioxide. It adds no residue to your product and in certain instances is readily recovered. For your current production or for research projects lead ing to future product development, liquid S0 2 offers tremendous potential as a process chemical.
Hydros In "Virginia" Sodium and Zinc Hydrosulfites you have two powerful reducing agents which you can use with confidence because of the purity standards adhered
"Virginia" Sodium Bisulfite, Anhydrous provides a gentle reducing agent con taining a minimum of 97% Na 2 S 2 0 5 . Forming an unstable hexahydrate and a stable heptahydrate with water, its uses are broad—in cotton bleaching, as an antichlor; in dyeing, to prevent oxida tion of sensitive amines; in foods, as a preservative.
"When you draw on the background of ex perience 'Virginia' offers, you get the benefit of every bit of technical know-how and every economical shortcut known about a given reducing agent application."—Thomas T. Allan, Sales Manager, Chemical Division, Virginia Chemicals & Smelting Co.
On-the-Spot Technical Help We are prepared to put experienced field men in your plant whenever you need help with a troublesome processing prob lem . . . running plant trials of new re ducing techniques . . . translating pilot operations into full-scale production. And back of your "Virginia" field serv ice man stands the Technical Service Group in West Norfolk—people (and facilities) specially equipped to solve difficult or unusual reduction problems. Call on this capability when you need it.
names for its hydroxylamine sulfate (60 and 95% assay). This recently developed chemical invites investigation for your
Delivery You Can Rely On "Virginia" has both the plant and the delivery complex to assure meeting the schedules it quotes you. Production fa cilities in West Norfolk are more than adequate to meet present and future demands. And we are prepared to for ward "Virginia" reducing agents by the fastest, most economical means—from 1-lb. lab samples to tank car or carload quantities for your regular production needs.
Portable unit for running accurate plant trials on SO2 processes ( ± 1 / 1 0 Ib/hr). Specialized equipment such as this is indicative of the t y p e field service you can expect from "Virginia."
to in their manufacture. "Virginia" Zinc Hydro (86-88% assay) offers maximum economy in bleaching groundwood and in de-inking. "Virginia" Sodium Hydro (93-95% as say) gives you an unexcelled agent for dyeing, bleaching and stripping. With its complete solubility and controlled particle size, it is outstanding for indigo and vat dyes. And it handles easily, giving minimum dusting and resultant dyehouse specks.
Hydroxylamine Sulfate VHS60 and VHS95 are "Virginia" trade
Chemical Division, Virginia Chemicals & Smelting Co. · Dept. 151, West Norfolk, Va. Please send technical bulletins on "Virginia"—
1 1
D
Liquid Sulfur Dioxide
D
Zinc Hydrosulfite
D
Hydroxylamine Sulfate
D
Sodium Bisulfite, Anhydrous
D
Sodium Hydrosulfite
D
On use of reducing agents in the following process—
Name.
ι
Company-
1 1
AddressCity
_Zone_
-State-
Matheson Gas Mixtures fox* Nuclear Counting:
3M Stocks Four Portable Thermoelectric Generators
Matheson offers prompt delivery on stand ard and custom mixed gases for all Nuclear Flow Counter requirements. Close quality control assures stable operating characteris tics and optimum performance. The following standard mixtures are availa ble from our three plants in four cylinder sizes: PROPORTIONAL COUNTING MIXTURES 9 0 % Argon, 1 0 % Methane 9 6 % Helium, 4 % Isobutane GEIGER COUNTING MIXTURES 1.3% n-Butane, 9 8 . 7 % Helium 0.95% Isobutane, 99.05% Helium Special mixtures compounded to your specifications
Matheson offers a complete line of Automatic Pressure Regulators, Valves, Flowmeters and Spe cial accessories for the accurate flow control vital to counting operations. Our Sales Engineering Department will be glad t o help you choose the proper components for your requirements.
The Matheson Company, Inc. Compressed Gases and Regulators
East Rutherford, N. J. ; Joliet, 111. ; Newark, Calif.
M a t h e s o n o f C a n a d a , L t d · , Whitby, Ontario
Permanently durable surface can be scrubbed, scoured or honed without harming the surface
ALBERENE STONE
for 75 years the only perma nently satisfactory material for chemical laboratory table tops, shelving, sinks, splash backs, drain boards and fume hoods. Prompt delivery. ALBERENE S T O N E - A DIVISION OF THE GEORGIA MARBLE COMPANY. For FREE literature and technical assistance address:
THE ALBERMAR COMPANY, 386 PARK AVE. SOUTH, NEW YORK 16, N. Y., DEPT. N. 54
C&EN
F E B . 19, 196 2
Thermoelectric generators powered by LPG or natural gas are now available from Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co., St. Paul, Minn., in four sizes—2, 4, 8, and 15 watts. Designed for portable use to provide power in remote areas or in emergencies, they can be used in cathodic protection of pipelines and well casings. The largest, the 15watt generator, weighs only 29 lb. and measures 4 1 / 4 X 10 X 15 in. The generators can b e used as direct sources of power, or as means of recharging battery systems. Con verters to change output to 12 volts are available. Widest use is expected to be as trickle chargers to simplify battery systems. Specific uses pos sible are as power sources for offshore lighting, telemetering devices, radio transceivers, and unmanned weather reporting stations. Cost has been re duced to as low as $30 per watt, com pared to $250 per watt for earlier units. The company says the generators are simple to use, since they have no moving parts. And they operate quietly. They are shipped ready to use, require only a line to t h e fuel source and two leads to the electric equipment they power. Ε 31
RCA Develops Small Solid-Ceramic Circuit A micro-electronic device made of ceramic sheets and metallized ink will go into pilot production before t h e end of 1962. Developed by Radio Corp. of America's semiconductor and materials division, Somerville, N.J., the solid-ceramic unit is small, may be easily mass-produced. The circuits are made by printing electronic patterns of metallized ink onto tissue-thin sheets of ceramic ma terial. The sheet can then be cut, punched, and stacked, then pressed and fired at high temperature. The result would be a solid, hermetically sealed unit with many layers of cir cuitry. The devices are 100 times smaller and potentially less expensive than conventional circuits. They can per form all conventional circuit functions from amplification to computer switch ing, according to RCA. And, the company adds, they are compatible with the RCA micromodule program.
NORELCO and
GAS PURIFICATION GAS SEPARATION AIR SEPARATION CONVERSION OF GASEOUS 0 , AND N2 TO LIQUID PRODUCT METAL TREATMENT COLD CHAMBERS
CRYOGENICS All of the applications listed-and more-stem from the one unit—the NORELCO CRYOGENERATOR. Available in four different capacities, this remarkable unit consists of a single-stage refrigeration machine designed for operation in the range of minus 320 degrees F. to ambient temperatures. As a basic cryogenic tool, the cryogenerator is completely adaptable to a tremendous number of applications and is in fact being widely used by a host of manufacturers and laboratories throughout the country. Since the operating principle is identical for all models, specific applications of each depend primarily on the capacity of the system rather than the form of equipment. The four models, designated A, B, C and D, have respective refrigeration capacities of 3,000, 12,000,40,000 and 160,000 BTU/hr. at minus 320 degrees Fahrenheit. "Packaged" units consisting of a Model Cryogenerator with special headers or accessory equipment are also available.
LIQUID AIR PRODUCTION LIQUID NITROGEN PRODUCTION PRESERVATION OF BI0L0GICALS COLD MACHINING LOW TEMPERATURE PULVERIZATION SHRINK FITTING
Research facilities at the Norelco Cryogenics Application Laboratory are available for consultation on industrial prob lems involving any low temperature application. Write today for illustrated brochures and complete technical information.
GAS RECONDENSER—The Model Β CRYOGEN ERATOR provides a highly efficient system for recondensing cryogenic vapors. For example sat urated nitrogen vapors are recondensed to liquid N2 at controllable rates up to 1,930 SCFH. Applications: Space Chambers · Cryopanels · Cold Traps · N2 Storage Tanks · other Cryogenic functions.
NITROGEN GENERATOR—Comprised of a Model A Cryogenerator acting as a nitrogen condenser and an atmospheric pressure separation column. Rate of production is 6 liters per hour over an uninterrupted period up to 200 hours.
I
ENVIRONMENTAL CHAMBER—A specially insu lated storage chest is used in conjunction with a Model A Cryogenerator. This permits the produc tion and maintenance of temperatures down to minus 300 degrees F. for environmental testing.
NOtTN AMIIKAMI
PHILIPS
COMPANY, IMC
CRYOGENERATORS
Division of North American Philips Company, Inc. Dept. A-l, Mendon and Angell Roads, Ashton, Rhode Island PAwtucket 2-2200 C & Ε Ν 55
Present units already operate in niillionths of a second, but high speed memories are expected to be more economical when they reach full tech nical development.
Particle measurement services have been expanded by Coulter Industrial Sales Co., Chicago, 111. Csing the automatic electronic Coulter Counter, the company counts particles in the 0.3 to 300 micron range at the rate of 4000 per sec. and prepares size dis tribution curves within a few days.
Neutron activation analysis is offered
Bulk Loading System Eliminates Dust Problems Dust-free loading of bulk materials from storage silos into carriers is possible with a new spout and filter system developed by W. W. Sly Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. During loading, the system ventilates the carrier, and dust is collected. The spout, which is lowered into the carrier loading hatch (above), has a canvas inner tube for directing the flow of material from the silo hopper. Encircling the inner tube, with an air space between, is an accordion-type outer tube made of neoprene rub ber through which the filter (upper right) draws dust-laden air from the carrier. Dust is entrapped on the filter's cloth bags, and clean air is emitted to the atmos phere. The bags are periodically shaken, returning the dust to the silo. The system provides accurate weighing and reduces maintenance by preventing dust from entering the scale mechanism.
Perkin-Elmer Markets New Gas Chromatograph Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, Conn., has come out w ith a new gas chroma tograph. the Model 226 Vapor Frac tometer. Its features enable it to be used for wide range, high tempera ture, and trace analyses. Cost is $4500. Temperature range of the instru ment is up to 400 C. on the column, 500 C. on the injection block. Linear temperature programing is in cluded in the unit. And, following a run, the unit automatically resets for a repeat run. In operation, carrier gas is pre heated to a temperature close to that of the injection block. The sample, when injected into the carrier stream, is immediately vaporized. Ducts in the sample block ensure homogeneous 56
C&EN
FEB.
19,
1962
mixing of carrier gas and sample. Three different sizes of split restrictors come w i t h the instrument so that sev eral different sizes of samples can be injected without overloading the col umn. Spiral wound pancake columns, Colay, or small diameter packed col umns can be used w i t h the instru ment's flame ionization detector. The columns are located within a heating device which is controlled either man ually or automatically. Ε 32
by another firm. Hazleton Nuclear Science Corp., Palo Alto, Calif. Hazleton also has the capability for performing the subsequent radiochemistry. In a brochure describing the service, the firm lists the sensitivities w i t h which 74 elements can be deter mined. For one element, dysprosium, the limit of measurement is 0.0000007 microgram. Manx elements can be measured in quantities almost as minute.
NEW CHEMICALS Epoxy resin encapsulating compound is available from Mereco Products, a division of Metaehem Resins Corp., Cranston. R.I. Mereco No. 1">S3 is a liquid, epoxy resin potting compound lor high density circuit packaging and miniaturized component or moduli· encapsulation. It is manufactured by the dispersion process producing a permanently suspended filler-resin system. C 1
Rare earth fluorides are available bom Kleber Laboratories. Inc.. Rurhank, Calif. Fifteen fluorides ha\e been prepared from the oxides of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseo d y m i u m , neochmium, samarium, eu ropium, gadolinium, terbium, dyspro sium, holmium, erbium, thulium, and ytterbium. C2
BRIEFS IBM has an experimental magnetic thin-film memory that can operate at a speed of 100 billionths of a second. It was built and demonstrated at IBM's research laboratory in Zurich, Switzerland. This development is part of IRM's effort to match similar speeds in other parts of computers.
Fluorocarbon lubricant and antistick agent is offered by Connecticut Hard Rubber Co.. New Haven, Conn. CHR-Rulon is now available as an aerosol spray, or in liquid form for dip or brush application. It is stable over a temperature* range from —100 to 5 0 0 ' V.. the company says. C3
Investigate the newest in Fatty Amines
Commercially THE FORMONYTE Produced Technical Grade 600 SERIES Primary Fatty Amines With the Highest Specifications Ever Written 95%
Minimum
Primary Amine Content and
4% Maximum
• Formonyte 601
Primary Coco Amine
• Formonyte 602
Primary Tallow Amine
• Formonyte 603
Primary Hydrogenated Tallow Amine
• Formonyte 604
Primary Cottonseed Amine
• Formonyte 608
Primary Oleyl Amine
• Formonyte 616
Primary Lauryl Amine
• Formonyte 619
Primary Stearyl Amine
Thanks to advanced manufacturing techniques, Foremost now offers this complete series of higher specification primary fatty amines AT NO EXTRA COST TO YOU.
Secondary Amine Content As a matter of fact, you gain the
Write today for samples and specification data on Formonyte 600 series
benefit of lower cost because of higher yields, improved quality of end products and increased processing efficiencies. These technical grade amines also make possible significant cost reductions in applications formerly requiring the more expensive distilled amines. Why not look at the unusual performance characteristics of these high primary content fatty amines today? We know you'll be glad you did. Distilled grades made from these high technical amines are also available.
quality
FOREMOST FOOD AND CHEMICAL COMPANY P. O. Box 599, Oakland 4, California
C&EN 57
Armour idea chemicals at work:
Safe Film rustproofmg compounds developed and manufactured only by Kerns United, Calumet City, Illinois. Photo courtesy of A. W. White Lumber Company, Valparaiso, Indiana.
How to treat a troublemaker Here getting the treatment are rows of wooden skids (they'll be used as sepa rators, between bundles of sheet steel). For t h i s h u m b l e u s e , kiln-dried wood is too costly. But inexpensive green wood can be a troublemaker: with its natural acids and high mois ture content, the lumber can rust the very steel it's supposed to protect. A rust-inhibiting dip is the answer —provided it thoroughly penetrates
the green wood. That's the job for an Armour idea chemical: Ethomeen® T/25 ethoxylated tertiary amine. Less than 1% concentration of Ethomeen T/25 assures the dip will penetrate all the way. It is cationic by nature, but behaves like a non-ionic surfactant. It is compatible with anionics, cationics and non-ionics; is not sensitive to most inorganic ions. This same idea chemical plays many
other roles in industry—as an emulsifier, a w*etting agent, a latex stabilizer, a dispersant, an anti-static agent, an acid corrosion inhibitor . . . There is scarcely a business that cannot find ideas, and profits, in the long list of Armour chemicals-for-ind u s t r y . For m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n on Ethomeen T/25, or other idea chemi cals (fatty acids and derivatives), write Dept. CEN-6.
Armour Industrial Chemical Company One of the Armour Chemical Industries
58
C&ΕΝ
110 North Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, Illinois
NEW EQUIPMENT Spiral classifier with increased pitch and lead angle is offered by Denver Equipment, Denver, Colo. The im proved spiral design gives the new unit a sandraking capacity beyond conventional models, according to the company. The classifiers are available in sizes from 24- to 120-in. diameters with either single, double, or triple pitch spirals, and three degrees of spiral submergence. Ε 33
Heavy conical blenders are being manufactured by chemical machinery division of Birdsboro Corp., Reading, Pa. Powdered, pulverized, or pelletized solids can be mixed and blended rapidly and uniformly with the blend
ers, according to the company. The machines are constructed with totallyenclosed helical gear drives which are automatically lubricated by running in oil. Ε 34
CHROMALOX ELECTRIC HEATING EQUIPMENT For process or protective pipe heating
Leak and friction detector that oper ates by ultrasonics has been developed by Delcon Corp., Palo Alto, Calif. The Translator picks up high fre quency sound energy from escaping air or gas molecules and translates it into audible sounds. Ε 35
Further useful information on keyed Chemical and Equip ment items mentioned is readily available Use handy coupon on page 60
Chromalox Circulation Heaters may be used for heating solu tions and heat transfer m e d i a conveyed through pipes. Tem peratures up to 6 0 0 ° F.
February 19, 1962
Readers' Information Service External heat m a y be a p p l i e d to insulated or unin sulated pipelines b y :
Use this handy self-mailer to obtain further information or literature. Simply mark the items desired, fill out the information requested, clip the coupon, fold, staple, and mail.
A — F l e x i b l e heating c a b l e for temperatures to 4 5 0 ° F. ; Β — Strip Heaters up to 7 5 0 ° F.; C — T u b u l a r Heaters up to 1 I 0 0 ° F.; D—Strip or Tubular Heaters to prevent v a l v e f r e e z i n g . Ε — Radcor heat t r a n s f e r systems up to 6 0 0 ° F.
(Please fill out coupon completely.)
Name: Company:
Έ Ο
OC LA.
Street:
City
Zone
State-
Your Title:Your Function (Check One): 1Π 2Π 3Π 4Π 5•
Corporate Management Technical Management Product Research Product Design & Development Process Research
6Π 7Π 8Π 9Π 10 Π
Process Design & Development Production—Processing Purchasing Analysis—Testing Consulting
CLIP COUPON—Fold along this line—fasten (staple, tape, glue) MAIL
Your Industry:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
• Π Π Π Π Π • Π • •
Construction Food & Kindred Products Textile Mill Products Paper & Allied Products Printing, Publishing, etc. Chemicals & Allied Products Plastics; Synthetic Resins Drugs Soap, Detergents, Cosmetics Paints, Varnishes, etc.
11 Π Petroleum Réf., Asphalts, Lubricants 12 Π Rubber; Plastic Products 13 Π Leather & Leather Products 14 • Stone, Clay, & Glass Products 15 Π Primary Metal Industries 16 Π Fabricated Metal Products 17 • Machinery & Equipment 18 Π Transportation Equipment 19 Π Instruments 20 Π Education
1 5 , 3 5 0 to 5 1 0 , 0 0 0 btu r a t e d Radcor heat transfer systems f o r h e a v y - d u t y heating of jacketed p i p e lines, jacketed kettles, rolls, platens, molds and dies.
The Chromalox Electric Heating Units above can provide you with economical and efficient heat for heating pipe lines whether to prevent freezing, maintain free materials flow or pro vide elevated temperatures for heat transfer media. Among the advantages are around-theclock dependability, uniform heat transfer, exact temperatures and manual or automatic thermostatic controls. Units are available with operating temperatures up to 1100° F., many from stock for immediate shipment, wi-se FOR HELPFUL HINTS—send for Chromalox and Radcor Literature on Pipe Heating.
See our catalog in Chem ical Engineering Catalog.
CHROMALOX ELECTRIC HEAT EDWIN LWIEGAND COMPANY 7510
THOMAS BLVD., PITTSBURGH 8, PA.
FEB.
19, 196 2 C & E N
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