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Deep sea disposal of industrial wastes is a limited but useful method .. .Pharmaceutical manufacturers are switching to the ... from phosphate rock wa...
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I/EC IMDUSTRIAL A N D SKOISEEEI1ÏO

CHEMISTRY

CONTENTS COPYRIGHT

1 9 5 7

R E S E A R C H

BY

M A R C H 1957,PART I THE

AMERICAN

D E V E L O P M E N T

CHEMICAL D E S I G N

SOCIETY

VOLUME 49, NUMBER 3 ISSUED

E N G I N E E R I N G

MARCH

12,

1 9 5 7

M A R K E T I N G

COVER American Potash & Chemical Corp. is a b i g producer o f borax from Searles Lake brine. The cover shows flat b e d filters used to dewater crude borax, with the three racks o f sprays used for washing the cake FORECAST Are midget computers in the offing? . . . The back-to-school movement for upgrading technical backgrounds is catching on . . . Fertilizer manufacturers are looking for more cheap phosphoric acid . . . For TV spectaculars the trend is to plastic scenery . . . Boron chemicals are likely to give us some real surprises in new applications l&EC

21 A

REPORTS Deep sea disposal of industrial wastes is a limited but useful method . . .Pharmaceutical manufacturers are switching to the metric s y s t e m . . . GE tries a new type of school for customer service

LIQUID M I X I N G

25 A

EQUIPMENT

A n l&EC Special Feature What's available, who makes it, what services are offered, what are the new developments, b y G r a y b e a l and Bechtel of Hercules 42 A COSTS W . L. H a r d y , Foster D. Snell, Inc.

In answer to many reader requests, a study of the cost of manufacturing 2,4-D

55 A

EQUIPMENT A N D DESIGN Zolin and Green continue last month's discussion of e p o x y resins as engineering materials of construction, with additional case histories . .

59 A

INSTRUMENTATION Robert F. W a l l , Monsanto Chemical Co.

So much has happened in infrared continuous process control in the past year that an updating is in order

69 A

CORROSION W . C. Rion, E. I. du Pont d e Nemours & Co.

Case histories and some conclusions on stress corrosion in stainless steels 4 A

INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

73 A

INDUSTRIAL WASTES W. B. Hart, Pantech, Inc.

Another case history—solution to a textile bleaching and dyeing problem and some general observations on this type of waste . . . . MATERIALS

81 A

HANDLING

Chemical companies are stepping up bulk shipments by water, rail, and truck

87 A

THE PROFESSIONAL SIDE F. W. Steckmest, Shell Oil Co.

Some chemists and chemical engineers don't want to be administrators. Here's the development side for those who want to remain in strictly research work Ill A EQUIPMENT A N D MATERIALS

OUTLOOK

New electronic computers are put to an amazing variety of applications 117 A DEPARTMENTS Briefs

11 A

Ideas Exchange Column

97 A

New Books

103 A

N e w Equipment and Materials

121 A

Readers' Information Service

135 A

Hindsight and Foresight

143 A

Editorial

144 A

A NEW l&EC FEATURE Beginning with the January 1957 issue, the Workbook pages (Anumbered pages) have been perforated. This new approach was adopted by the editors to increase the usefulness of these pages to the reader. In a test of this operation for the editors, more than 9 0 % of the readers endorsed it. CONTENTS CONTINUED NEXT PAGE

NEXT M O N T H Chemical Rocket Propellants: an analysis for general information on where we stand today Uranium Recovery: International Minerals & Chemical Corp. gets it from phosphate rock wastes at Bartow, Fla. Uses of Hydrogen in the Petroleum Industry—hydrogen treatment of cracking stocks, residua, asphalt, coal tars * * * VOL. 49, NO. 3

·

MARCH 1957

5 A

CONTENTS—Continued

CHEMISTRY

AND

CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING

STAFF-INDUSTRY C O L L A B O R A T I V E REPORT Boron Chemicals f r o m Searles Lake Brines G . H. Bixler and Dwight Sawyer

322

Phosphoric Acid by the Clinker Process C. C. Legal, Jr., J. N. Pryor, T. O. Tongue, and

P. L.Veltmen

IN

THEORY

AND

PRACTICE

Recovery of Sulfur D i o x i d e f r o m Flue Gases G r a d y Tarbutton, J. C. Driskell, T. M. Jones, F. J. G r a y , and C. M . Smith

392

Kinetics of Carbon Gasification C. W . Zielke and Everett Gorin

396

Producing Natural Gas Substitute a n d Low Heating V a l u e Gases J. F. Farnsworth, G . M. Bretz, and G . V. McGurl

404

Changes in Iron Catalyst a n d the FischerTropsch Synthesis K. C. Stein, G . P. Thompson, and R. B. Anderson

41 0

334

A Soap and Detergent Pilot Plant R. F. Heald

338

Distillation I m p r o v e m e n t by Control of Phase Channeling in Packed Columns R. E. Manning and M . R. Cannon

347

(End of Symposium) Electrolytic Preparation of Periodate Oxystarch C. L. Mehltretter, J. C. Rankin, and P. R. Watson

350

Carbonization of A g g l o m e r a t i n g Coals in a Fluidized Bed E. W . Lang, H. G. Smith, and Carl Bordenca. . .

355

Solvent Extraction of W a x a n d Ursolic f r o m Cranberry Skins L. K. Arnold and P. R. Hsia

Acid 360

Water-Soluble Ethylhydroxyethylcellulose Ingvar Jullander

364

Pyromellitic Dianhydride in Curing of Epoxy Resins R. B. Feild and C. F. Robinson 1,2,6-Hexanetriol in A l k y d Resins R. W . Tess, R. D. Harline, and T. F. Mika

369

. . . .

374

J. C. Petropoulos, L. E. C a d w e l l , and W . F. Hart. .

379

Acrylonitrile in Styrenated A l k y d Resins

Poly(vinyl Alcohol) as a n Emulsifying A g e n t in V i n y l Polymerizations J. N. Coker

Cyclic Catalytic Reforming Process C. G . Milbourne and C. B. Glover .

387

J 957 Subscription Kates 1 yr. 3yr. 2yr. Members, foreign and domestic $ 450 $ 7-50 $10.00 \onmcmbcrs, domestic and Canada 5.00 8.00 11.00 Nonmcmbers, foreign except Canada 15.00 27.50 40.00 Postage to countries not in the Pan-American Union $2.70 yearly; Canadian postage $0.90 yearly. Single copies: current issues, $1.50 (March and September, issued in two parts, priced at $2.50). Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if received more than 60 days from date of mailing plus time normally required for postal delivery of journal and claim. No claims

INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

Linear Boiling Point Relationships Yoshiro O g a t a and Masaru Tsuchida

415

Thermal Conductivity of Liquids D. Κ. Η. Briggs

418

Physical Properties of Asphalts in Thin Films Charles Mack

422

M e a s u r i n g Solids Concentration in Fluidized Systems by G a m m a - R a y Absorption R. N. Bartholomew and R. M . C a s a g r a n d e . . . .

428

Spontaneous Ignition Temperature carbons D. E. Swarts and Milton Orchin

432

of

Hydro­

Variation of Heat Transfer Coefficient w i t h Length Inclined Tubes in Still A i r E. A. Farber and H. O . Rennat

437

Permeation, Diffusion, a n d Solubility of M e t h y l Bromide a n d Isobutene in Polyethylene Igor Sobolev, J. A. M e y e r , Vivian Stannert, and Michael Szwarc

441

Swelling of Nitrile Rubbers Toluene Blends R. E. Morris and P. T. W a g n e r

445

386

GUIDE FOR AUTHORS, published in December 1956 issue, page 2254, gives copy requirements to be observed in preparing manuscripts for consideration. Manuscripr (2 copies) should be submitted to the Editorial Director, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D. C. The American Chemical Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors to its publications. Views expressed in the editorials arc those of the editors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the American Chemical Society.

6 A

411

382

INDUSTRIAL GASES Introduction N. W . Franke

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium A N e w Still and M e t h o d for Determining V a p o r Liquid Equilibrium B. G . Harper and J. C. M o o r e

by

Iso-octane—

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