I/EC
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
CONTENTS ©
COPYRIGHT
1957
R E S E A R C H
AUGUST BY
THE
AMERICAN
D E V E L O P M E N T
1957
CHEMICAL D E S I G N
VOLUME SOCIETY
ISSUED
E N G I N E E R I N G
4 9 , NUMBER AUGUST
1957
M A R K E T I N G
COVER Sulfuric acid from anhydrite—a good process where gypsum is plentiful and there's a market for cement FORECAST New looks for figuring costs on the w a y Heat pumps due for more applications New chemical device—fewer vacuum tubes Coming: answer to classical fluid flow problems Milling industry in for a big change Uranium demand might slacken
19 A
l/EC REPORTS Chemical memory device for computer An osmionic cell for purifying salt water doesn't need any electric power High octane gasoline is giving refiners some high octane headaches
23 A
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL An l/EC Special Feature Employee appraisal from both company and individual viewpoints has gained wide recognition as a sound method of personnel administration. George Royer gives an example of what industry is doing along these lines with a look at American Cyanamid's plan for evaluating research personnel
WORKBOOK
42 A
FEATURES
COSTS—Manufacture of Acetic Anhydride W . L. Hardy, Foster D. Snell, Inc.
Which process for making acetic anhydride? This month's column gives costs of several different methods based on different raw materials . .
51 A
EQUIPMENT A N D DESIGN—Air Conditioning with the Closed-Reversed Cycle David E. Pierce, Diamond Alkali Co.
Here's a method of effecting air conditioning economies by removing heat from one place and delivering it to another that can use it . . .
55 A
INSTRUMENTATION—Mass Spectrometry in Process Control R. F. W a l l , Monsanto Chemical Co.
Redesigned mass spectrometer is groomed for wider application in the laboratory, pilot plant, and continuous process control 4 A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
8
59 A
C O R R O S I O N — T h e Corrosion Resistance of Copper a n d Its A l l o y s Arthur I. Heim, Copper and Brass Research Association
A d e t a i l e d g u i d e t o the resistance o f c o p p e r a n d Its alloys t o chemical reagents
63 A
STATISTICAL DESIGN—Testing Uniformity of Sheets a n d Plates W . J. Youden, National Bureau of Standards
A n e x a m p l e o f how statistical design can g i v e a b e t t e r i d e a of the unif o r m i t y o f a product
71A
SAFETY—Chemical Plant Emergency P l a n n i n g — I I S. M. MacCutcheon, Dow Chemical Co.
A g u i d e f o r y o u to f o l l o w in d e v e l o p i n g a p l a n to c o p e with t r o u b l e in your plant. This is the second o f t w o articles outlining the procedures f o r establishing a p l a n t emergency p l a n
75 A
PROFESSIONAL S I D E — H o w Do I Rate M y s e l f ? Robert F. Moore, Richardson, Bellows, Henry & Co., Inc., Management Consultants
If y o u ' r e not satisfied with your progress, look a t these tips on h o w to pinpoint your weaknesses, then t a k e the personal quiz
91 A
DEPARTMENTS Briefs
9 A
Ideas Exchange Column
83 A
N e w Books
85 A
Readers Information Service
101 A
N e w Equipment a n d Materials
103 A
Hindsight a n d Foresight
119 A
Editorial
Ï20 A
CONTENTS CONTINUED NEXT PAGE Workbook features ( Α - n u m b e r e d pages) are perforated for your convenience R E S E A R C H
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D E V E L O P M E N T
·
D E S I G N
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E N G I N E E R I N G
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M A R K E T I N G
NEXT MONTH ANNUAL
REVIEWS . . .
Don't miss I/EC A n n u a l R e v i e w s — a potpourri of chemical engineering information on Unit Processes a n d Materials of Construction
CHEMICAL M A R K E T RESEARCH—a special feature A candid look at market research in some chemical companies, chemical equipment manufac turers, and specialty steel manufacturers
ROCKET
PROPELLANTS
Behind-the-scenes look at rocket fuels—from the fuel development program for the Nike to testing n e w and dangerous rocket propellants VOL. 49, NO. 8
·
AUGUST 1957
5 A
CONTENTS—continued
CHEMISTRY
AND
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
STAFF-INDUSTRY COLLABORATIVE REPORT Sulfuric Acid from Anhydrite W . Q . Hull, Frank Schon, and Hans Zirngibl
1204
IN
THEORY
AND
PRACTICE
Catalytic Cracking of Petroleum Residuum P. H. Johnson, C. R. Eberline, a n d R. V. Denton Acidic Components of Catalytically Distillate Fuel O i l A. L. Williams and R. D. Offenhauer
.
1 255
Cracked 1259
FERMENTATION EQUIPMENT AND DESIGN N e w Process Control Applications mentation G. J. Fuld and C. G . Dunn
in Fer 1215
Automatic A n t i f o a m a n d Nutrient Feed Con trol for Bench Scale Fermentation W . H. Bartholomew and Dave Kozlow . . . pH Control in Submerged Pure Culture Fer mentations. Bench Scale Fermenter Studies F. H. Deindoerfer and B. L. W i l k e r O x y g e n Absorption in Agitated Tanks. N e w Correlation for O p e n Flat-Bladed Impellers A. M. Friedman and E. N. Lightfoot, Jr. . . . Citric Acid Production mentation S. M. Martin
b y Submerged
Characterization of Agitation Shaken Flasks R. P. Rhodes and E. L. G a d e n , Jr
1 223
in 1233
1237
m - X y l y l e n e d i a m i n e Polyamide Resins E. F. Carlston and F. G . Lum
1239 . .
M i x e d Esters of A m y l o s e I. A. W o l f f , D. W . Olds, and G . E. Hubert . . . Smog Experiments in Large Chambers. Equip ment a n d Procedure F. V. Morriss, Calvin Bolze, J. T. G o o d w i n , Jr., and Frank King Intergranular Corrosion of A l u m i n u m in Super heated Steam Cornelius G r o o t and R. E. Wilson
1 241
1 247
1249
1251
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS, published in December 1956 issue, page 2254, gives copy requirements IO be observed in preparing manuscripts for consideration. Manuscript (2 copies) should be sub mitted to the Editorial Director, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D. C. The American Chemical Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors to Its publications. Views expressed in the editorials are those of the editors and do not necessarily represent the official posirion of the American Chemical Society. 1957 Subscription Rates 1 yr. 2 yr. 3 yr. Members, foreign and domestic $4.50 $750 $10.00 Monmcmbers, domestic and Canada 5.00 8.00 11.00 Nonmembers, foreign except Canada 15.00 27.50 40.00 Postage to countries not in the Pan-American Union $2.70 yearly; Canadian postage $0.90 yearly. Single copies: current issues, $1.50 (March and September, issued in two parts, priced at $2.50). Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if received more than 60 days from date of mailing plus time normally required for postal delivery of journal and claim. No claims
6 A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1267
As
Simultaneous Stripping of Styrene a n d M e t h a n o l f r o m Synthetic Rubber Latex H. C. V a n Ness, O . E. Dwyer, and W . W . Slobbe
1 271
Carbon Black in the O x i d a t i o n of ButadieneStyrene Vulcanizates J. R. Shelton and W . T. Wickham, Jr
1 277
Influence of Petroleum Oils on Staining a n d Dis coloration of Elastomeric Compounds H. M . Tramutt, E. G . Anderson, F. S. Rostler, and R. M. W h i t e
1283
Oil-Masterbatched Butadiene-Styrene Polymers W . K. Taft, June Duke, and Dorothy Prem . . .
1293
Equilibrium in Ternary Ion Exchange Systems Joshua Dranoff and Leon Lapidus
1297
Relation of Intrinsic Viscosity to Cellulose Chain Length. Degree of Polymerization Range be low 4 0 0 W . J. Alexander, Otto Goldschmid, and R. L.
(End of Symposium)
Fluorine-Containing Polyethers D. D. Smith, R. M . Murch, and O . R. Pierce
Factors in Preparing Bentonite-Stabilized phalt Emulsions W . A. Higgins and T. J. Walsh
1 227
Fer
O x y g e n Absorption Rates in Shaken Flasks M. A. Auro, H. M . H o d g e , and N. G . Roth .
1 265
1221
1231 Effects
Sediment Formation in Catalytically Cracked Distillate Fuel Oils R. D. Offenhauer, J. A. Brennan, and R. C. Miller
1303
Mitchell Vapor-Liquid Equilibria. Dilute Nitric A c i d , Hydrochloric A c i d , a n d Hydrochloric A c i d Nitric A c i d - W a t e r Solutions R. C. Reid, A. B. Reynolds, D. T. M o r g a n , G . W . Bond, Jr., J. E. Savolainen, and M . L. Hyman . .
1307
Hydrogen C y a n i d e - F l u o r i n e - O x y g e n Flame C. S. Stokes and A. V. Grosse, Jr
1311
Equations of State. C. J. Pings, Jr., and Β. Η. Sage An Application of Orthogonal Polynomials . . .
1315
Application of Orthogonal sions t o Propane
Polynomial
Expan
1321
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