ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
990
-
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Table I. Sample S o 1
2 3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10 11
I2 13 14 I5 16 17
18 19
20 21 22 23 24 ”5
26 27 28 29 30 31
Concentrations of Soluble Ahminun1 and Soluble Iron in Sea W-ater Date Collected Hour Day 9AM 4 2/52 9. P .U.. 4/2/i2 4/3 j i ; 9 A.M. 9 P.M. 4/3/52 4/4/52 9 A.M. 4/4/52 9 P.M. 4/3/52 9 A.31. 4/5/52 9 P.>l, 4/6/52 9 A.M. 4/6/52 9 P.I. 4/7/52 9 A.M. 4/7/52 9 P.M. 4/11/52 9 A.M. 4/11/52 9 P.M. 4/12/52 9 A.M. 4/12/52 9 P.M. 4/13/52 9 A.X. 4/13/52 9 P.X. 4/14/52 9 A.M. 4/14/52 10 P . M . 4/15/52 11 A.M. 4/15/62 9 P.M. 9 A.M. 4/16/52 4/16/52 9 P.M. 1,0/12/50 l/IO/51 ~
1/10/31 1/11/51 1/10/5l 1/12/51
1/13/51
Chloroqlty Grams/Liter 20 05 19
xi
i9.60 19.71 19.70 19.52 19.78
19.60 19.80 19.40 18.05 17.10 17.20 19.70 19 95 20.00 19.80
20.00 l9,75 19.87 19 80 14.67 20.08 20.00 30 65 39 30 31 90 18.60
39.00 2.5.70 24. 76
11g /Litel 4lnminriin Iron 0 002 0 007
o
002
00.002 .005 0.002 0.002 0 002 0.002
0.000 0.002
o ooi
00.002 .002 0.005 0.002 0.000 0 00% 0.002 0.002
0 002
0.002 0.002
n 005 0 nnn
n nn.; 0.005
0 002
0 002 o0 002 002 0 002 0 002 0 002 0 002 0 000 0 007 0 005 0 002 0 002 0 005 0 005 0 003
0.002
60 60i 00 00002 002 o0
007
005 0 005 0 002 0 002 0 002 0 002 0 010 0 000 0 005 0 010 0 005 0 000 0 000
and iron to a synthetic sea water and to a sample of natural sea water, The synthetic sea mater contained sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions in the proportions found in ordinary sea water but in somewhat greater absolute concentrations. The solution wa5 prepared from the chlorides of these ions, and the total chloride content was 33,600 mg. per liter. The natural sea water sample was of lagoonal origin and had a “chlorosity” of 30.65 giams pel lite1 (C‘hlorosity, a term peculiar to oceanograph\-. is dehned a- the total amount in prams of chloride, bromide, and iodide in 1 liter of sra Tvater a t 20” C.$a-suming that the bromide and iodide have been replaced by chloride.) Its salinity m s greater than that of open ocean water as a result of natural evaporation in the lagoon. Quantities of aluminum and iron equivalent to those contained in the standard solutions were added to aliquots of these two samples of water, and the color or fluorescence developed in each test was compared with the standards which had been prepared from distilled water. I n each instance, the aluminum or iron concentration of the synthetic sample was found to be identical with that of the corresponding standard solution, having the same aluminum or iron content. For the natural sea water sample, however, aluminum and iron contents were found to be somewhat higher than those of corresponding standard solutions, in agreement with the sum of the original contents of these ions, as determined by analysis, and the added contents. S o precipitate was observed on addition of o-phenanthroline to the natural sea water sample, indicating that the ions found by Fortune and JIellon ( 2 ) to precipitate the reagent were not present in sufficient amount to interfere. It is apparent from the recovery studies that no interference was evident in the determination of either aluminum or iron in sea water.
used to avoid contact of the water with metals. The samples \\?re stored prior to analysis in polvethylene bottles to avoid contact a i t h glass. Samples 25 through 31 were fiom the Laguna Madre, a shallow lagoon lying along the southwest coast of Texas. These lagoonal samples were taken b> means of an enameled bucket, from which they were transferred immediately to paraffin-coated bottles for storage prior to analysis. The soluble aluminum content of the open ocean samples was. found to vary from 0 to .007 mg. per lit’er and averaged .0025 mg. per liter, The total soluble iron in these samples varied over the same concentration range and averaged .0026 mg. per liter. Both aluminum and iron concentrations averaged higher in lagoonal waters, in accord with the increased salinity of these samples. The results of the present n-ork indicate an average aluminum content of sea water two orders of magnitude less than that reported by earlier investigators. On the other hand, the results of the iron determinations confirm the results of earllet invcstigations. CONCLUSIONS
Relatively new and rapid methods of analysis have been found suitable for the determination of soluble aluminum and soluble iron in sea water. For aluminum the results indicate an average content of about 2.5 micrograms per liter. This concentration is two orders of magnitude less than the concentration reported by previous xvorkers in sea waters from other localities. The present work substantiates previous determinations of the concentration of soluble iron. The concentration of this element averaged about 2.6 micrograms per liter. LITERATURE CITED (1) Cooper, L. H .
(2) (3)
(4) (5) (6)
ii.Proc. , R o y , Soc. ( L o n d o n ) ,B118,419 (1935). Fortune, m.B., and JIeilon, 11. G . , IYD. EXG. HEM., . 1 ~ . 4 L . ED., 10, 60 (1937). Haendler, H. AI., and Thompson, T. G., J . M a r i n e Research (Sears Foundation), 2, 12 ( 1 9 3 9 ) . Rakestraw, K. W,, llahncke, H. E., and Beach. E . F., IND. ENG.CHEM.,AXAL.ED.,8, 136 (1936). Weissler, Alfred, and White, C . E., ~ A L C .H E Y . , 18,530 ( 1 9 4 6 ) . White. C. E., and Lowe, C . S.,IND. ESG. CHEM.,ASAL.ED.,9,430 (1937).
RECEIVED for review Septcinber 13, 1932. Accepted February 24. 1933.
CORRECTIONS Colorimetric Determination of Fluorine In the article on “Colorimetric Determination of Fluorine” [IxD. ESG. CHEM.,AKAL.ED., 5, 300-2 (1933)], on page 301, hrst column, the third paragraph under the heading “-ipparatus and Procedure” should read: “ACETYLACETOYE.Prepare a 0.057, aqueous solution from the freshly distilled product.” W, D. ARVSTRONG
RESULTS OF ANALYSES OF SEA WATER
The locations of sea water samples analyzed for soluble aluminum and iron are shown in Figure 1, and the results of analyses are presented in Table I. Samples 1 through 24 were taken during April 1952, on a voyage of the tanker Esso Cumberland, from Baytown, Texas, to Halifax, Nova Scotia. These surface samples of open ocean water were taken aboard ship by means of a canvas bucket loaded with cement. This sampling device was
Modification of Determination of Urea by the Diacetyl Monoxime Method In the article on “Modification of the Determination of Urea by the Diacetyl Monoxime Method” [Friedman, H. 9.. ASAL. CHEM.,25, 663 (1953)] in Table I1 the last figure in the first column should be 20 instead of 29.
