New Release Aquatic Chemistry: Interfacial and Interspecies Processes Surface chemistry, AQUATIC soil chemistry, CHEMISTRY geochemis Interficial and try, Interspecies Processes limnology, oceanogra phy, and engineering are all represented in this compre hensive approach to aquatic chemistry. Current research reported in this i m p o r t a n t new v o l u m e includes interdisciplinary study in t h e fields of the transformation a n d transpor tation of chemicals in aquatic systems; efficient, safe, a n d ecologically sound waste process ing; a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l manage m e n t . The emphasis o n multiphase and m u l t i c o m p o n e n t e n v i r o n m e n tal systems lends itself easily to vital applications such as the design of air, soil, water, a n d wastewater treatment systems. Includes chapters by Werner Stumm, the founder of aquatic chemistry. Chin Pao Huang, University of Delaware, Editor Charles R. O'Melia, the Johns Hopkins University, Editor James J. Morgan, California Institute of Technology, Editor Advances in Chemistry Series 244 432 pages (1994) Clothbound ISBN0-8412-2921-X $124.95 ORDER FROM American Chemical Society D i s t r i b u t i o n O f f i c e D e p t . 741155 S i x t e e n t h S t r e e t . N W W a s h i n g t o n . DC 2 0 0 3 6 O r C A L L T O L L FREE 1-800-227-5558 (in W a s h i n g t o n , D C 8 7 2 - 4 3 6 3 ) a n d use your credit card! FAX: 2 0 2 - 8 7 2 - 6 0 6 7 . ACS Publications Catalog n o w available o n internet: gopher acsinfo.acs.org
ACSIIIPUBLICATIONS Essential Resources for the Chemical
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CORRESPOnDEnCE Great Lakes dioxin source D e a r Editor: We w o u l d like to c o r r e c t a s t a t e m e n t m a d e in a r e c e n t ES&T n e w s article o n Great Lakes a i r b o r n e dioxin s o u r c e s (May 1995, p. 206A) t h a t p u l p a n d p a p e r mills a r e a m o n g t h e largest s o u r c e s of dioxin to t h e Great Lakes. T h e article r e p o r t e d t h e p r e l i m i n a r y results of o u r s t u d y o n t h i s subject. N e w d a t a h a v e s i n c e b e c o m e available t h a t i n d i c a t e t h a t p u l p a n d p a p e r mills are n o t as sig nificant a dioxin s o u r c e as w e origi nally e s t i m a t e d . T h e p r e l i m i n a r y draft of o u r C e n ter for t h e Biology of N a t u r a l Sys t e m s r e p o r t i n c l u d e d e s t i m a t e s of dioxin l o a d i n g t o t h e Great Lakes b y U.S. p u l p a n d p a p e r mills, u s i n g t h e o n l y d a t a available to u s at t h e t i m e : t h e m i n i m u m a n d m a x i m u m dioxin c o n t e n t of t h e effluent from a few g e n e r a l categories of p a p e r mills ( i ) . W h i l e w e h a d e n d e a v o r e d to u s e c u r r e n t mill-specific i n f o r m a t i o n in o u r analysis, this t y p e of i n f o r m a t i o n w a s n o t available b e c a u s e it is g e n erally classified as "confidential b u s i ness information." Lacking mill-specific d a t a , w e es t i m a t e d t h e v a l u e s for t h e v a r i o u s mills c o n t r i b u t i n g t o dioxin l o a d i n g b y a s s i g n i n g to e a c h of t h e m a n ef fluent c o n c e n t r a t i o n v a l u e r a n g i n g b e t w e e n t h e available m i n i m u m a n d m a x i m u m v a l u e s for t h e a p p r o p r i a t e g e n e r a l class of mill. T h e a s s i g n e d values d e p e n d e d on the limited available i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e t y p e of c h l o r i n e - b a s e d p r o c e s s e s t h a t e a c h of t h e p l a n t s e m p l o y e d . This m e t h o d o l o g y yielded a v a l u e of 15 g TEQ p e r y e a r (for 1993) b e i n g c o n t r i b u t e d to t h e Great Lakes by effluents from p u l p a n d p a p e r mills in t h e U n i t e d States a n d C a n a d a . This e s t i m a t e s e e m e d r e a s o n a b l e in view of EPA's e s t i m a t e of 105 g T E Q / y e a r of w a t e r b o r n e dioxin dis c h a r g e d from all U.S. p u l p a n d p a p e r mills as of J a n u a r y 1, 1993 ( i ) . Fortunately, w e have since b e e n provided with mill-specific d a t a for U.S. plants by t h e National Council of t h e Paper Industry for Air a n d Stream
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I m p r o v e m e n t a n d u p - t o - d a t e millspecific d a t a for C a n a d i a n p l a n t s b y t h e Ontario Forest a n d Industries As sociation. A s s u m i n g that t h e s e n e w d a t a accurately represent mill dis charges, a m o r e accurate e s t i m a t e of t h e w a t e r b o r n e loading from t h e s e mills to t h e Great Lakes is approxi mately 1 g T E Q / y e a r for 1993. This n e w e s t i m a t e c a n b e c o m p a r e d w i t h o u r overall e s t i m a t e of t h e total c o n t r i b u t i o n to t h e Great Lakes from a t m o s p h e r i c d e p o s i t i o n g e n e r a t e d b y all U.S. a n d C a n a d i a n air e m i s s i o n s of dioxin (42 g T E Q / year) a n d o u r overall e s t i m a t e of waterborne loadings (approximately 20 g T E Q / y e a r ) . O u r e x p e r i e n c e suggests t h a t t h e p r a c t i c e of e l i m i n a t i n g plant-specific data in government databases needs t o b e m o d i f i e d in t h e i n t e r e s t of i m p r o v i n g t h e a c c u r a c y of t h e s e t y p e s of a n a l y s e s . (1) Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitation Guidelines and Standards for the Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category; Office ofWater. U.S. Environmental Protec tion Agency: Washington, DC; EPA-821R-93-019, Oct. 1993.
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BARRY C O M M O N E R MARK C O H E N Center for the Biology of Systems, Queens College Flushing, NY 11367
Correction T h e text of Figure 2 in t h e article " C h i n a Strives to M a k e Polluters Pay" (June 1995, p . 268A) c o n t a i n e d several errors. T h e title a n d c a p t i o n s h o u l d read: "Pollution levies p e r u n i t of i n d u s t r i a l o u t p u t b y p r o v i n c e , 1993. T h o u g h a v e r a g e s are s h o w n by p r o v i n c e h e r e , p o l l u t i o n levies are collected at t h e local level. Low aver age fees a n d fines p a i d i n t o t h e p o l l u t i o n levy s y s t e m p e r u n i t e c o n o m i c o u t p u t can indicate either nominal e n f o r c e m e n t or a h i g h d e g r e e of c o m p l i a n c e (9)." T h e figure key s h o u l d r e a d "Average fees p a i d in y u a n p e r 10,000 y u a n of i n d u s t r i a l output," a n d categories should be 4 - 6 , 6 - 8 , 8-10, 10-12, a n d 12-14.
