%.
3 L
2,4,6-2’.4’,6’-Hexanitrodiphenylamine(HND) I
,
Contributed by W. C. 1MCCRONE, iLrmour Research Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago 16, 111.
EX ANITRODIPHEN’fLAMINE (1I N D ) is almost insolH . .,. __ advents. It is slightly soluble in nitric _-.. -- __ mid and in 30% acetic acid. Excellent c.,, ..L.~
uule
IU
..
~iuuuuvu
I
-m+slo o-n hr nhtainorl lll.l _I
from the latter solvent. It is unique in that it shows stronger dispersion of refractive indexes and optic axial angle than anx compound in the author’s experience. It a n be described as brthorhomhic crossed axial plane dispersion with a double change of sign. The data. helow were all determined with sodium light, although complete data on dispersion of hexanitrodiphenylaminc
V O L U M E 24, NO. 3, M A R C H 1 9 5 2 HEXANITRODIPHENY LAMINE I1
Hexanitrodiphenylamine I1 has been obtained by recrystallization from thymol, but not from any low boiling solvent. The crystals from thymol are monoclinic andshow theforms: prism (110); clinodome { O l l ) ; and clinopinacoid (0101. The beta angle is 104”. The optic axial plane is perpendicular to 010 with gamma, the acute bisectrix, 44’ from c in the obtuse angle beta. The optic axial angle, 2E, measured with sodium light is 40°,with strong crossed axial plane dispersion (uniaxial a t about 6700 A,). FUSION DATA. Hexanitrodiphenylamine I1 melts with considerable decomposition and no sublimation a t about 240” to 250’ C. It solidifies spontaneously on cooling, but the rate of crystallization decreases on cooling and some of the melt may solidify to a glass. Many large bubbles of decomposition product are trapped by the growing crystal front into a typical terrace pattern. The polarization colors are very anomalous vith a deep blue in place of the usual first-order gray. The first-order red is very brilliant and the ent’irepreparation presents a stained glass window effect. ACKKOWLEDGMENT
The powder data were obtained by Irene Corvin. CONTRIBUTIOXB of crystallographic d a t a for this section should be sent t o Waiter C. LIcCrone, Arrnour Research Foundation, Chicago 16.Ill.
Aspects of the Constitution of Mineral Oils. K . Van h’es and 484 pages. The Elsevier Press, H . A. Van Westen. xxiv 402 Lovett Blvd., Houston, Tex., 1951, Price, $9.00.
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The principal basis of this book is the extensive researches on the composition and properties of petroleum oils, carried out by the authors and their associates a t the Koninklijke/Shell-Laboratory, Amsterdam, during and after World War 11. The latest of these researches resulted in two new methods of structural group analysis especially suited to petroleum fractions boiling above the gasoline range. h large part of the book is devoted to a clear and complete description of these previously unpublished methods. They can be considered as a thorough revision of the “Waterman ring analysis” method and are known as the “density method” and “n-d-hf method.” Various other important methods of structural group analysis, published as late as 1950, are carefully described and intercompared. The n-d-hl method is preferred for analysis when convenience is the main factor to consider. It is simple and rapid, and a correction may be made for sulfur. Some large petroleum laboratories are using the n-d-hl method, and this publication should make it readily available to others. The first few chapters contain sufficient background material for understanding the problems of structural group analysis. Included is interesting material on methods of classification and genesis of mineral oils. Three large sections deal with the physical properties of hydrocarbons, methods of their separation, and methods of their characterization and identification. A variety of applications of structural group analysis is presented in the last chapter. Other useful parts of the book are a section on nomenclature and symbols, and t x o appendixes. The latter give a derivation of the final formulas of the n-d-hl. method and details of the experimental determination of refractive index, density, and molecular --eight required for the method. A pocket contains eight nomographs for quick solution of n-d-ht formulas a t 20” and 70” C . On nomograph I1 all the y’s should be changed to w. This is the only important typographical error of the very few found. The large number of well selected references, with titles
593 and number of pages, are organized a t the end of each chapter and may be located conveniently through a footnote on every leaf of the text. There is considerable illustrative material, and a good author and subject index. Over-all the authors have accomplished a fairly comprehensive survey of our present knowledge concerning the constitution of mineral oils, especially those boiling above 200’ C. The book is well written and would seem to be an invaluable aid for reference and analytical purposes in petroleum laboratories of schools and industries. SAMUEL S. TODD Ultraviolet Spectra of Aromatic Compounds. R. A . Friedel and Milton Orchin. vi 52 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth Ave., Kew York 16, h’. Y . , 1951. Price, $10.
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The absorption spectra in this collection were chosen to give a representative picture of the mono- and polynuclear aromatic compounds, ranging from single rings to substituted coronenes. Various types of heterocycles are included. A sizable portion of the 579 curvep, determined usually in alcohol or light hydrocarbon solvents, is published for the fist time. All spectra are plotted in consistent fashion. Ordinates are in log E scaled one unit to the inch, abscissas in Angstroms with the lower wave length a t the left. This uniformity is convenient to the superposition of spectra for comparison. The pages are easily removed from the spiral ring binder, and one side of the paper is used. For later preservation, the page is punched for a standard loose-leaf notebook. Each curve has name, formula, source, and solvent; the wavelength maximum and height of major bands might have been added. The first part of the book has short but exceptionally well w r i t ten sections on nomenclature, the absorption law for solutions, the transformation of coordinates. and the use of spectra in quantitative and qualitative analysis. Indexes by name and by empirical formula are provided. This collection will provide a substantial increase in the spectrum file of almost any laboratory. J. ill. VANDENBELT
Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments for Development Research. D. S. Vzllars. xvii 4-455 pages. Wm. C. Brown Co., 915 Blain St., Dubuque, Iowa, 1951. Price, $6.50.
A look a t the table of contents is the first suggestion that this book covers a lot of territory, and a more detailed perusal provides convincing evidence that this is so. The only major area of statistics not considered is that of nonparametric (distributionfree) methods. . . . . summarizing for The avowed purpose of this book is the busy research worker or executive the fundamental principles involved in the design of efficient experiments.” The author also indicates a desire to stimulate the interest of “busy people” that would otherwise not be reached. The reviewer doubts that anyone not already well versed in the technical language and methods of statistics will find this book easy reading. This book represents a tremendous labor in surveying the Literature of statistical methodology and in collecting a variety of examples, mostly from chemical research. The author introduces some new terminology with such phrases as “replication degeneracy,” “inhomogeneities,” and “variance analysis.” The first phrase is proposed as a general designation for the “split-plot” design common in biological usage, the second as a description of irregular variability, and the third for the “analysis of variance” technique, invented and named by R. A. Fisher. No serious technical errors were noted in the book and the author was careful to spell out all the relevant assumptions necessary to interpret a statistical analysis. This extreme caution has led to some repetition in passing from one example to another, but is probably justifiable.
