Cyclodimerization of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene to vinylcyclobutane

Valerie A. Schmidt , Jordan M. Hoyt , Grant W. Margulieux , and Paul J. Chirik. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2015 137 (24), 7903-7914...
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Figure 1. Absorption spectrum (methylcyclohexane) and phosphorescence spectrum (EPA) of 2-phenyl-1-indanone (I).

trans + cis isomerization of stilbene (using 3660 A light and 0.01 M stilbene) showed that intersystem crossing in this ketone occurs with unit efficiency. Irradiation of a 0.014 M benzene solution of IV through a uranium-glass filter for 9 hr resulted in formation of only trace amounts (