JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
412 vacuum distillation, and special kinds of distillation such as extractive distillation, micro and semimicro fractionation, and molecular distillation. The text is supplemented with references st the end of each chapter. At the end of the book there are armnged, by chapter, general references of which the titles are given, thus providing a somewhat annotated hibliogmphy. The book is not free from misprints, but i t seemed to the reviewer that these were not serious. The author says that the fundamental purpose of his hook "is to bring to the research worker and student a pmcticd working knowledge of the art of fractional distillrttion!' As far as this lay within the author's power he has certainly succeeded. His book is a first-rate presentation of the matter. Some lack of success in bringing the subject to the student may arise from the price of more than two cents per page a t which the hook is listed. Laboratory chemists who read this volume will surely feel indebted to the author for the great labor and perceptive care which must have gone into its preparation. The style is lively; the hook is easy to read, and i t answers questions. I t can be recommended strongly to graduate students and others in chemistry, chemical engineering, and allied fields where problems of separation are faced.
have appeared mostly in the Zeitschrifl f f ~ Elektrochemie, and on his lectures st Erlrtneen. He disrin~ishrshrtwcn external (physical) thermodynamics, w-lrivh covers praxsscs involving euergy interchange wirhour ~ : h r n k ntransform.rtion l and internal (chemirnl) rhermodynnnt~rs which applies to systems in which reactions occur. ~ y ~ u s i ns.g heat reservoir a t one degree absolute as a. standard of reference and introducing the energy unit one "holtzmann" (three halves the value of the pV product st 1'K.) temperature becomes a pure number and entropy, heat capacity, and the gas constant all have the same dimensions as energy. These devices maybe seem a little startling a t first, hut they do permit an elegant symmetrical treatment of the laws of thermodynamics and their correlaries. Incidentally, a thermocouple is the heat engine used in the discussion of the second law. The treatment is rigorous, and PH.IY to follow, thanks to rho librml upc of block diagrams, a n d a wnsistent svstem of primes nnd undrrlincs to distinnuish srmbul~which micht o t h r r r i r ~be confused. Sufficient experimental results are included to supply examples of the applications of the theorems. The book is recommended especially to those who teach thermodynanics; as the author states in his introduction, it was written primarily to serve as pedagogical tool.
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HAROLD G. CASSIDY
RAYMOND M. FU088
Yaw UNIYEBBITT
Y A LU~ m v ~ n s l n NEW H ~ V E NCONNEOT~CDT ,
Naw Havna. C o l r ~ r c n o m
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DATA BOOK ON HYDROCARBONS
J. B. M a w e l l , Standard Oil Development Co., Linden, New Jersey. D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, 1950. viii 259 pp. Charts. 18 X 26 cm. $5.
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Tms book provides certain basic data on hydrocarbons, some related organic compounds, and petroleum fractions applicable to process engineering operations in the petroleum industry. The topics covered include the following: physical constants, characteristics of petroleum fractions, molecular weight, vapor pressure, fugaity, critical properties, thermal properties, density, viscosity, combustion,flow of fluids, flow of heat, equilibrium flash vaporization, and fractionating towers. The data are conveniently presented in the form of tables and charts, as appropriate. References are given to the sources of the data. Mast of the values of the properties of the hydrocarbons are taken from National Bureau of Standards Circular 461, published in 1947. The author would have helped his readers by informing them that the foregoing N. B. S. Circular 461 constitutes the tables of physical and thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons issued as of May 31, 1947, by the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 and that this Project is continually issuing new and revised tables of properties in loose-leaf form. This reviewer feels that this hook will he very helpful to chemical engineers concerned with the processing of hydrocarbons, related organic compounds, and petroleum fractions.
ANTIBIOTICS
Edited by G. W. Irving, Jr,, Assistant Chief, Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture, and H. T. Herrick, Formerly Director, Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Bureau of Agricultural and Industrial Chemistry, United States Department of Agriculture. Chemical Publishing Ca., Inc., Brooklyn, 1949. vii + 273 pp. 24 charts. 4 figs. 23 tables. 14.5 X 22 cm. $6.75.
FOURTEEN lectures presented originally during the period September, 1946, to January, 1947, a t the United States Department of Agriculture Graduate School are compiled in what the editors term au essentially unchanged form. Three additiond lectures on penicillin chemistry were omitted as a result of the current preparation of a monograph on that subject under the direction of the Committee on Medical Research, Washington, and the Medical Research Council, London. In spite of this deletion, however, the published material gives a factually sound and comprehensive picture of antibiotic production, nature, and application. As is to he expected, penicillin and streptomycin receive major emphasis, being treated a t length by several of the contributors. Lecture 1 is an introduction followed by (2) The Story of Penicillin, (3) The Role of Microorganisms in the Production of Antibiotics, (4) Development of High-Yielding Strains of Microorganisms for Production of Antibiotics, (5) The Government CertificationProgram for Penicillin, (6) The Commercial FREDERICK D. ROSSINI Production of Penicillm, (7) Production of Streptomycin and NATIONUBDBEAUOF STINDABDB Other Antibiotics by Actinomyces, (8) Outline of the Chemistry Wasamo~on.D. C. of Streptomycin, (9) The Clinical Use of Penicillm and Streptomycin, (10) Tyrothricin and Gramicidin, (11) Antibiotics Other than Penicillin, Streptomycin and Gramicidin, (12) Basidiomy0 CHEMISCHE THERMODYNAMIK, EINE EINF~~IRING cetes as Possihle Sources of Antibiotics, (13) Antibiotics from IN IHRE GRUNPRINZIPIEN Higher Plants, and (14) Antibiotics in Veterinary Medicine. Eric6 Longe, University of Erlangen, Germany. S. Hirrel, Although the several lcotures are diverse in both subject matter Stuttgart, Germany, 1949. mi 158 pp. 6 4 figs. 9.6 marks. and method of presentation, they are admirably similar in clarity. The chemist and microbiologist not directly concerned with ON TEE first casud browsing, this monograph may strike the rcsc3rrh in anribiotics hxvc unuoubtrdly experienced increasinp reader as a compendium of the familiar formulas of traditional dificulry in keeping abre3';t oi such a mpidly expanding field. thermodvnernics. But it takes little more than a reading of the Oncnf rhechicf virtuesof the hook. thrreforc. is tl~econeolidation table of-contents to suggest that here is something u k u a l : of a mass of scattered data into a cbncise, easily digestible whole. a. fresh approach to a classical subject. Study of the text soon This treatment is evident almost generally throughout and is convinces the reader that Lange has developed an original point particularly notable in Wintersteiner's lecture on antibiotics of view for the presentation of his material. The bwk is based other than penicillin, streptomycin and gramicidin. Here, the on Lange's series of papers on chemical thermodynamics, which classificationia approached from the viewpoint of strnctuml chem-
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