Books Data Compilations in Spectroscopy and Chromatography Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants for Organic Compounds. J e a n e t t e G . Grasselli, Ed. 1732 pages. CRC Press, 18901 Cranwood Pkwy., Cleveland, Ohio 44128. 1973. $125
Reviewed by Lewis H. Gevantman, Office of Standard Reference Data, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. 20234 The editor and publisher's prefatory remarks concerning their aims clearly point out that the "Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants for Organic Compounds" is but a first step toward a fully integrated, computerized file responsive to the data needs of the scientific community. Mrs. Grasselli and her associates have taken this giant step in an exemplary manner and have organized the spectral information to make it easy for the initiated, as well as the uninitiated searcher, to find the data he seeks with accuracy and dispatch. The material contained in the Spectroscopic Aids Section preceding the main table is particularly noteworthy in its attempt to define the criteria for the measurement of reliable spectroscopic data. The editors have chosen wisely their selection of indexes to the main table. Particularly useful is the "EYEBALL" feature which allows a quick scan of the information for matching an unknown spectrum to the recorded data. Some minor improvements are possible. As indicated, the principal thrust of the information contained in the Atlas is toward helping the analyst solve his problem. He will, therefore, benefit from a more detailed description at the introduction to each index keyed back to the main table. Such description is now lacking. The rationale used in selecting the recorded data is not given. One can think of other data collections such as Lang, Landolt-Bornstein, and others that would also be of use. Raman spectra are not included. Perhaps the editors are considering these spectra at some further step along the way. It would be useful to know if they contemplate these data for eventual inclusion. A cautionary note should be struck in representing these data as "criti-
cal" or "evaluated." Indeed, many of the spectra have been submitted to close scrutiny and are properly identified as evaluated. However, this does not apply uniformly across the entire range of data. Certainly, the older IR prism spectra need updating. A similar shortcoming applies to the organic compound molecular weights in which the International Atomic Weights of 1961 were used. The Atomic Weights have been updated at least twice since 1961, and later values differ from those of 1961. It would also be beneficial if the editors could represent the solubility data in a more precise way, but this would be an extremely difficult task. It is clear that a major and wellorganized effort has produced a useful compendium of spectral data. The editor and her associates are to be congratulated for their efforts. Continued refining of the data with concomitant additions of data will make the Atlas a prize volume in any working scientist's library. Handbook of Chromatography. Gunter Zweig and Joseph Sherma, Eds. CRC Press, 18901 Cranwood Pkwy., Cleveland, Ohio 44128. 1972. Vol I: 784 pages, $35. Vol I I : 343 pages, $19.95
Reviewed by Erich Heftmann, Western Regional Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Berkeley, Calif. 94710 Zweig and Sherma are well known to readers of ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY as the tireless collectors of chromatographic literature, which they review in that journal biennially. As if this was not enough of an accomplishment, they have also undertaken the monumental task of extracting, concentrating, and crystallizing the essentials of analyzing over 12,000 compounds by chromatography, as published in the last 25 years. The result of their labor is an eminently useful handbook of chromatographic data, accurately and conveniently reproduced, intelligently coded and indexed, and superbly printed and bound. The "Handbook of Chromatography" is probably not the kind of book most chemists can afford to keep on their bookshelf, but it is cer-
tainly a book all practicing chemists should have available in their libraries. Volume I is a compilation of over 549 tables of retention times, retention volumes, R values, and other data used for the identification of substances by gas, liquid-column, paper, and thin-layer chromatography· Volume II contains concisely written chapters on the principles and techniques of various chromatographic methods and additional tables. The preparation and use of detection reagents for paper and thin-layer chromatography are described, and results are tabulated. In addition, there is a useful section on methods of sample preparation, including derivatizations and an extremely practical guide to products and sources of chromatographic materials. Volume II closes with a classified international directory of modern books on chromatography. Aside from a few typographical errors, I have not found anything to criticize. Of course, this book is not intended to present a selective and coherent treatment of the field and is not recommended as a textbook, but chemists active in any division of the profession will find it almost indispensable for quick and yet comprehensive reference to chromatographic data, methods, and literature.
Elementary Statistical Methods Statistics for Chemistry. Hubert L. Youmans. xi + 176 pages. Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co., Columbus, Ohio 43216. 1973. Paperbound. $5.50
Reviewed by Patrick C. Kelly, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga. 30601 This book is a practical manual of elementary statistical methods for undergraduates. Although the statistical interpretation of analytical results is a vital part of analysis, the treatment of statistics in many standard analytical texts is sketchy or excessively theoretical. This manual will fulfill the role of a supplementary
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Books
Determination of Organic Structures Introduction to Mass Spectrometry. Second edition. H. C. Hill, viii + 116 pages. Heyden and Son Ltd., 225 Park Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1972. Paperbound. $3.90
text for a first course in quantitative analysis rather well. The book begins with significant figures and progresses through the use of Student's t distribution, the F dis tribution, randomized sampling pro cedures, and the use of analysis of variance in multiple-group and ran domized block experiments. Chapters on the Q test for rejection-of data and linear regression (least squares) are included. With one exception, these topics are the minimum of statistical proficiency one would expect of a chemistry major. The topic not in cluded is the simple rule for estimat ing the variance of a result that is an arbitrary function of one or several measurements. The text emphasizes the use of sta tistical methods and is purposely weak in theory. I agree with the au thor that a nontheoretical treatment such as this is best for a student's first exposure to statistics. The appli cation of statistical methods must gel before the theory becomes under standable. Rules for the calculation of statistics are presented as simple, clear, logical, step-by-step, cookbook like instructions. The rules are illus trated with examples based on rele vant and typical analytical data. The examples deal with real problems that are interesting and often enter taining. Data for some of the exam ples are drawn from primary journal articles. Blank tables are included in the manual to show the student how to organize data for a statistical test and how to arrange intermediate results in a logical manner. Two to twelve problems are appended to each chap ter. Answers to the problems are in the Appendix. The Appendix also has listings of computer programs in For tran IV for the more difficult statisti cal procedures. A few concepts are stated inaccu rately. For example, "A population that can be described completely by its arithmetic mean and its standard deviation is said to have a normal distribution." A uniform distribution can be described completely by a mean and standard deviation also. Although annoying, an error such as this is tolerable in a book at this level. The text appears to have been carefully proofread. I found only one typographical error.
Reviewed by L. A. Dietz, Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory, General Electric Co., Schenectady, Ν. Υ. 12301 The book was written to give or ganic chemists and students of organ ic chemistry an understanding of the potential of mass spectrometry in de termining the structure of complex organic molecules. It is written in a clear and concise style. The second chapter heading, "Basic Aspects of Organic Mass Spectrometry," would have been a better title for the book than that used. The book is not in tended to be fully comprehensive. Material is selected from well-known work in the field of organic mass spectrometry. Where there is dis agreement or lack of complete knowl edge, the author is careful to present differing points of view about ration alizing the structure of organic mole cules. Adequate references are given for those who need more details. The first third of the book is devot ed to instrumentation and the basic aspects of organic mass spectrometry. Some of the schematic diagrams should have received more care in layout. For example, Figures 4 and 5 do not accurately depict placement of ion beam defining slits, sector angles or ion trajectories in mass spectrome ters with Nier-Johnson or MattauchHerzog geometries, respectively. This could be misleading to someone unfa miliar with mass spectrometer instru mentation. Many practical details are given about mass spectral features, isotopic abundance calculations, ionforming processes, metastable ions, isotope labeling, and chemical pretreatment of a sample to increase its volatility. The author shows how high-resolution mass spectrometry is used for the accurate determination of molecular masses and how this in formation limits the possible number of combinations of elements which can give rise to an observed mass. The second third describes frag mentation processes for positive ions formed by electron bombardment of organic molecules. Negative ions are not discussed. Simple fission pro cesses are described for the carbonheteroatom bond, fission of the abond to the C = X group, fission of the carbon-carbon double bond, and α-fission initiated by an aromatic sys tem. Examples of complex fission processes are given for saturated cy
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clic systems and for complex frag mentation in aromatic systems. Vari ous types of molecular rearrangement processes also are described. Exposi tion is aided by the generous use of examples and diagrams. The last third of the book is devot ed to the interpretation of mass spec tra. Many examples are worked out in a graded series from simple to complex hydrocarbons. The corre sponding mass spectra are shown with the prominent peaks labeled. Step-by-step instructions are given for identifying and interpreting a mass spectrum. Unknown spectra are included for the reader to gain prac tice in applying the correct fragmen tation mechanisms. . The authors have presented suffi cient material so that someone unfa miliar with organic mass spectrome try can develop an understanding of the basic principles involved and then can decide whether or not this tech nique is appropriate in researching a new problem. The book should be a useful aid to the organic chemist.
Review of Classical Procedures High-Precision Titrimetry. C. Wood ward and H. N. Redman, viii + 63 pages. The Society tor Analytical Chemistry, 9 / 1 0 Savile Row, London W1X 1AF, England. 1973. Paperbound. £ 2 . 5 0
Reviewed by Orland W. Rolling, Chemistry Department, Southwest ern College, Winfield, Kan. 67156 This booklet is the first issue in the Analytical Sciences Monograph Se ries published by the Society for Ana lytical Chemistry. The format of the book is that of an in-depth review of classical volumetric procedures with out attempting to be comprehensive, and the cited literature sources are drawn largely from publications of the last decade. Sufficient experi mental details are given on each test ed method so that the analyst need not consult the original work. The authors have selected the title to remind the reader that in the hands of skilled operators, the preci sion of many volumetric methods falls within the range of ±0.1 to 0.01% relative. Likewise, potential high accuracy is possible if careful at tention is given to the determinate errors in each particular method. Nearly all of the procedures examined in the monograph involve visual indi cators for the detection of an equiva lence point, and a considerable por tion of the text describes the prepara tion, validation, and storage require ments for standard solutions. Titrimetric methods included in
this booklet are the usual types: acidbase, redox, and complexometric. No mention is made of volumetric methods in nonaqueous solvents. A brief part of the booklet is devoted to electrochemical and spectrophotometric detection of titration end points. For these instrumental methods, the discussion stresses the precision to be expected, without giving theoretical support or procedural details. Each topic contains a well-written procedure and appropriate diagrams. Since the emphasis is entirely on the practice side of classical volumetric methods, the analyst wanting background information on the chemical theory from which a given procedure is derived must consult the references supplied. It would have been helpful to the reader if the publisher would have designated the page for each entry in the table of contents, since no index was included.
helpful information of this sort as possible. We have canvassed chemistry students and professionals for their pet needs, and have incorporated what we consider the most useful and often needed materials for a broad cross section of chemists. "Topics discussed include properties of atoms and molecules, spectroscopy, photochemistry, chromatography, kinetics and thermodynamics, various experimental techniques, mathematical and numerical information, and a variety of hard-to-classify but frequently sought information. In addition to vital properties, we include important hints, definitions, and other material associated with the 'art' as well as the state of the art of a particular s u b j e c t . . . a glossary of practical chemical lore. "In addition to a Subject Index, there is a Suppliers Index, which lists all suppliers and manufacturers mentioned in the book . . . A list of publishers' addresses can be found in the last chapter." (From the Preface)
New Books Recent Developments in Separation Science, Vol II. Norman L. Li, Ed. 292 pages. CRC Press, 18901 Cranwood Parkway, Cleveland, Ohio 44128.1972.$35
This book represents a continuation of the discussion begun in Vol I. Included in 11 chapters are the topics of extraction, filtration, heatless adsorption, hydrometallurgical extraction, interfacial phenomena, separation of gases by regenerative sorption, various polymeric membrane systems (electrodialysis, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis), and the origin of separation systems—an analysis of the genesis and development of new separation techniques. Author and subject indexes are included.
The Chemist's Companion: A Handbook of Practical Data, Techniques, and References. Arnold J. Gordon and Richard A. Ford, xii + 537 pages. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1973. $14.95
"In addition to frequently called for physicochemical properties, there is an ever-present need for answers to such practical questions on how-todo-it, what-is-it, what-do-I-use-andwhen, and where-do-I-find-it-or-buyit. An almost endless collection of workaday facts and figures are required, which cannot be found in any one place and often are not accessible at all. "The aim of this book is to provide, in an easily usable form, as much
Carbon-13 NMR Spectra: A Collection of Assigned, Coded, and Indexed Spectra. LeRoy F. Johnson and William C. Jankowski. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1972. $24.95
The 13 C magnetic resonance spectra of 500 compounds, from C2HF3O2 to C63H88C0N14O14P, are arranged in empirical formula order in this collection. Also included are a name index, code index, code explanation, and a shift index. Proton noise decoupling was used in all experiments, thereby eliminating splittings due to spin coupling between 13 C and 1 H. The compounds used were selected to provide a wide variety of different types of carbon environments, and in general, only reasonably pure compounds were used.
Organic Electrochemistry: An Introduction and a Guide. Manuel M. Baizer, Ed. xviii + 1072 pages. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 95 Madison Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1973. $49.50
The major emphasis of this book is on the elucidation of the chemical events which accompany electrontransfer steps, whereas physical phenomena occurring before and during the electron-transfer step are presented in abbreviated form. Since the book is directed primarily to the organic chemist, specific anodic and cathodic reactions are discussed on the basis of both functional group modifications and reaction types. As may be obvious from the size, this work brings together a rather comprehensive presentation of organic electrochemistry by organic chemists who have made notable contributions to the field. Extensive references to the literature are also included.
Organoaluminum Compounds. T. Mole and E. A. Jeffery. xiv + 465 pages. American Elsevier Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1973. $61.75
Along with chapters on preparation, properties, and reactions of these compounds, this book contains a short (4 pages) discussion on analysis. Thirty-four references are included.
Instrument Engineers' Handbook, Supplement One. Bêla G. Liptak, Ed. xvi + 633 pages. Chilton Book Co., 401 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19106. 1972. $20
This first supplement adds the following new topics to subjects covered in Vols 1 and 2: pollution instrumentation, human engineering, physical properties analyzers, ion selective electrodes, and instrumentation installation materials. It also reports on new developments in the already-discussed areas of process measurement, computers, displays, and control systems.
Principles of Sample Handling and Sampling Systems Design for Process Analysis. E. A. Houser. 108 pages. Instrument Society of America, 400 Stanwix St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222. 1972. $10
This book documents, in an updated and expanded form, material presented periodically within a one-week Process Analyzers Short Course. It covers areas directly connected with process analysis and provides information for process stream applications.
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