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Degradation of organic UV filters in chlorinated seawater swimming pools: Transformation pathways and bromoform formation Tarek Manasfi, Bruno Coulomb, Sylvain Ravier, and Jean-Luc Boudenne Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02624 • Publication Date (Web): 07 Nov 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on November 8, 2017
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Environmental Science & Technology is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
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Adults' Pool Concentration (µg L-1)
12,00 10,00 8,00
Dioxy
6,00
OXY OC
4,00
AVO
2,00
OMC
0,00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 AM AM AM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM
Total
Sampling Time
Children's Pool Concentration (µg L-1)
14,00 12,00 10,00
Dioxy
8,00
OXY
6,00
OC
4,00
AVO
2,00
OMC
0,00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 AM AM AM AM PM PM PM PM PM PM
Total
Sampling Time
Figure 1: Variation of concentrations of UV filters detected in adults’ (upper figure) and children’s (lower figure) swimming pools as a function of pool opening hours throughout the sampling day.
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Concentration of UV Filter (µM)
R 1:10
R 1:100
R 1:25
1
1
1
0,8
0,8
0,8
0,6
0,6
0,6
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,2
0,2
0,2
0
0
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 Reaction Time (min)
0 10 20 30 40 50 Reaction Time (min)
0 10 20 30 40 50 Reaction Time (min)
Figure 2: Disappearance of UV filters in seawater after the addition of chlorine in excess exc at three different ratios (UV filter:Chlorine 1: 1:10, 1:25, and 1:100)
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Table 1. CAS numbers, chemical structures, and Log Kow* values of the UV filters investigated
INCI** Name; Synonyms (Abbreviation) CAS Number
Chemical Structure OH
Benzophenone 3; Oxybenzone ( OXY, BP-3) 131-57-7
H3C
H3C
H3C
O
Octocrylene; 2-Ethylhexyl-2cyano-3,3 diphenylacrylate (OC) 6197-30-4
7.56
4.31
7.11
2.41
9.74
5.80
--
7.35
--
OH
O O
CH3 O H3C
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate; Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) 5466-77-3
3.79 O
O
Butyl methoxy dibenzoymmethane; Avobenzone (AVO) 70356-09-1
pKa
O
OH
Benzophenone 8; Dioxybenzone (DIOXY, BP-8) 131-53-3
Log Kow
CH3
O O
H3C
O
CH3 CH3
O O CH3
N H3C
* Kow refers to the octanol-water partition coefficient; values adapted from (Santos et al., 2012); also known as LogP ** INCI: International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients pKa values at 25 °C
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