J . Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2800-2805
2800
Acknowledgment. Financial assistance was received with appreciation from Grant CA-30311-01-03awarded by the National Cancer Institute, DHHS, the U S . Army Medical Research and Development Command under Grant No. DAMD 17-89-2-9021, Virginia Piper, Herbert K. and Dianna Cummings (The Nathan Cummings
Foundation, Inc.), the Arizona Disease Control Research Commission, the National Cancer Institute Outstanding Investigator Grant CA44344-01A1, DHHS, the Robert B. Dalton Endowment Fund, the Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, Eleanor W. Libby, and the Waddell Foundation (Donald Ware).
Total Synthesis of (-)-Denticulatins A and B: Marine Polypropionates from Siphonaria denticulata Frederick E. Ziegler* and Michael R. Becker Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8118 Received November 27, 1989
A synthesis of the marine polypropionates (-)-denticulatin A (2a) and B (2b) is described. The targets, which are P-hydroxy ketones wherein the hydroxyl group is also a tertiary hemiketal, are sensitive to acid dehydration. An open-chain form (26) of the denticulatins, having the 1,3-diol functionality protected as its p-methoxyacetophenylidene derivative, is prepared and is demonstrated to undergo only one of three possible modes of hemiketalization upon acid hydrolysis. The open-chain structure is constructed by an aldol condensation between ketone 5 and keto aldehyde 25, which is synthesized by the 3-methyl-y-butyrolactone strategy.
The genus Siphonaria, air-breathing mollusks of the subclass Pulmonata, produces numerable, structurally intriguing polypropionate metabolites.' In particular, denticulatin A (2a) and denticulatin B (2b) have been isolated from Siphonaria denticulata, which was collected in the intertidal zone of the coast of New South Wales, Australiaa2 Through a combination of IR, 'H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray analysis of denticulatin B, the structures were determined. The absolute stereochemistry was established by the isolation of (R)-ketone 5 upon exposure of denticulatin A or B to 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). Interconversion of the denticulatins was achieved upon brief treatment with DBU through retrohemiketalization via the P-diketone enolate. Although the denticulatins have been shown to arise via propionate bio~ynthesis,~ the actual timing of the hemiketalization is an intriguing question. One possibility is that an open-chain Cg monoketone undergoes cyclization followed by subsequent oxidation a t C3 and Cll. The prospect that the open-chain C3, Cg, Cll trione 1 can be formed in Nature prior to any intermediates suffering cyclization is unlikely. However, the very challenge of generating trione 1 in the laboratory to assess its fate offered itself as a formidable challenge. Three modes of hemiketalization are available to the two diasteromers of trione 1. First, the C,-OH may add to the C,-carbonyl to give hemiketal3 that would most likely have the hydroxyl group axial in accord with the anomeric effect. The C,-methyl and the C,-hydroxyl groups are axial (1) (a) Hochlowski, J. E.; Faulkner, D. J . Tetrahedron Lett. 1983,24, 1917. (b) Hochlowski, J. E.; Faulkner, D. J . J. Org. Chem. 1984,49,3838.
(c) Hochlowski, J. E.; Coll, J. C.; Faulkner, D. J.; Biskupiak, J. E.; Ireland, C. M.; Zheng, Q.; He, C.; Clardy, J . J . Am. Chem. SOC.1984, 206,6748. (d) Roll, D. M.; Biskupiak, J. E.; Mayne, C. L.;Ireland, C . M. J . Am. Chem. SOC.1986, 108, 6680. (2) Hochlowski, J. E.; Faulkner, D. J.; Matsumoto, G. K.; Clardy, J . J. Am. Chem. SOC.1983, 205, 7413. (3) Manker, D. C.; Garson, M. J.; Faulkner, D. J . J . Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1988, 1061.
0022-3263/90/1955-2800$02.50/0
Scheme I
OH
C,aPMe I
0
3
\%
1
dH
to the tetrahydropyran ring while the remaining alkyl substituents are equatorial. A second mode of cyclization has the C7-OHadding to the C,,-carbonyl. In this instance, open-form la affords 4a that has all the carbon substituents about the ring equatorial except for the Clo-methyl group that is axial. On the other hand, open-form lb gives rise to 4b that has all of the carbon substituents of the ring equatorial. Lastly, cyclization of the C5-OH group with the Cg-carbonyl provides the denticulatins 2 having all the carbon substituents equatorial and the C7-OH axial and hydrogen bonded to the anomeric hydroxyl. If the cyclization were to be thermodynamically controlled and mediated by steric interactions about the ring, the formation of pyranone 4b and the denticulatins would be the expected products. The denticulatins have the advantage of hydrogen bonding between the axial hydroxyl groups. Precedent for the proposed modes of cyclization was found in earlier work wherein the diol 6, which is chiral by virtue of the stereochemistry of a single methyl group, underwent ozonolysis and cyclization to give only the anomeric acetals 7 and not those of structure 8.* Acetals (4) Ziegler, F. E.; Cain, W. T.; Kneisley, A.; Stirchak, E. P.; Wester, R. T.J . Am. Chem. SOC.1988, 110, 5442.
0 1990 American Chemical Society
J. Org. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 9,1990 2801
Synthesis of (-)-Denticulatins A and B Scheme I1
I
0
0
6R
6R
0
14
9
"XU 15
n
I
I
16.3, R = CN b, R = C02H
10
5
a
17a, R = H b , R = TBDPS
18 11
13
12
7 have all the carbon substituents about the heterocyclic ring equatorial.
5
6
OM6 7
8
The retrosynthetic plan for the in situ generation of trione 1 (Scheme 11) requires the preparation of a suitably protected diol precursor 9. The protecting group, if labile to acid, would have to be removable under conditions where the acid-sensitive tertiary hydroxyl group, which is at once a hemiketal and /3 to a ketone, is stable. The dione 9 arises from an aldol condensation between the enolate of degradation ketone 5 and an appropriately protected keto aldehyde 10. @)-Ketone 5 is accessible through the Enders RAMP hydrazone alkylation procedure,6 and the keto aldehyde 10 is available through our previously developed 3-methyl-y-butyrolactone route for polypropionate ~ y n t h e s i s . ~ ,The ~ latter procedure requires the ( 8 - 3 methyl-y-butyrolactone (12)and the two enantiomers of (E)-allylic alcohol 13. The synthesis of the protected keto aldehyde 10,namely, keto aldehyde 25,is considered first. Lactone 14,which was prepared by the Claisen rearrangement of the diethyl orthoester of (SI-lactone 12 and the (R)-allylic alcohol 13, was converted into acetonide 15 by the following series of operations (Criegee sequence): (1)MeLi; (2) H202,H+; (3) Ac20, A; (4) LiAlH,; ( 5 ) 2,2-dimethoxypropane, H+.6 Following earlier protocol, the unsaturated acetonide 15 was transformed by sequential ozonolysis, reduction (LiAlHJ, tosylation, and cyanide displacement to the cyano acetonide 16a in 62% yield. With the goal of preparing lactone 17b that bears the absolute stereochemistry present in keto aldehyde 25, a method involving palladium-mediated alkylation was explored because it had served our needs well on previous occasion^.^*^ Accordingly, the nitrile (5) Enders, D.; Baus, U. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1983, 1439. (6)Ziegler, F. E.; Kneisley. A.: Thottathil. J. K.: Wester. R. T. J . Am. Chem. SOC.1988, 1 IO, 5434.
19
16a was heated in refluxing methanolic HC1 to afford an intermediate hydroxy lactone that was successively silylated (TBDPSCI) and carbomethoxylated (NCC02Me, LDA) to provide lactonic ester 18. When the sodium salt of 18 was alkylated with the diethyl phosphate ester of (S)-alcohol 13 in the presence of (Ph,P),Pd as a catalyst and the product was subsequently subjected to decarbomethoxylation, lactone 17b proved to be the major component of an 80:20 mixture of 17b and its epimer at the site of alkylation. Although the stereoisomers were separable, efforts to enrich the mixture through basecatalyzed equilibrium proved futile. An alternative to the palladium-catalyzed alkylation was found in the Ireland-Claisen rearrangement.' Nitrile 16a was converted into its carboxylic acid 16b with aqueous KOH/H202. The isolation of the acid required cautious workup to avoid acetonide hydrolysis and subsequent lactonization. Esterification of the carboxylic acid with (S)-alcohol 13 under Keck conditions8 led to ester 19 in 74% yield. The absence of DMAP-HCl gave modest yields of ester and appreciable amounts of the N-acylurea of DCC. Treatment of the ester with LDA/THF followed by silylation with tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride ostensibly formed the (E)-0-silylketene acetal, which underwent rearrangement in T H F at reflux. Brief, dilute acid hydrolysis provided acid 20a, whose derived methyl ester 20b
-
20a, R = H b, R = Me
--
-21
22
23
24
25
(7) Ireland, R. E.; Mueller, R. H.; Willard, A. K. J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1976, 98,2868.
( 8 ) Boden, E. P.; Keck, G. E. J. Org. Chem. 1985,50, 2394.
Ziegler and Becker
2802 J. Org. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 9, 1990
(CHPN2)was shown by GLC to be a 97:3 ratio of epimers adjacent to the ester group. Prolonged acid hydrolysis of the acid 20a gave rise to the hydroxy lactone 17a in 84% overall yield. The minor amount of isomdic product was removed upon chromatography of the silyl ether 17b. The excision of the carbonyl carbon of lactone 17b and its stereospecific replacement by a hydroxyl group were accomplished as had been reported for stereoisomers of 17b., The procedure is essentially the same as was described for the transformation of lactone 14 into the diol corresponding to acetonide 15, except that DIBAL replaced LiAlH, in the Criegee sequence, a process that was achieved in 78% overall yield. The juncture had been reached where the selection of an appropriate diol protecting group had to be chosen. While the acetonide group was too stable, the more reactive p-methoxyacetophenylidene derivative, developed by Lipshutzg for removal with SnCl,, proved to have the desired acid lability, a property that had to be cautiously avoided during intervening operations. The protecting group was installed in 94% yield with a-p-dimethoxystyrene using pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS) as a catalyst. A single diastereomer of 22 was produced whose stereochemistry was confirmed by 'H NMR by the appearance of a 5% enhancement (NOE) of both ring methine protons adjacent to oxygen (6 3.61 and 3.56) upon irradiation of the methyl singlet at 6 1.55. Ozonolysis of olefin 22 followed by dimethyl sulfide workup often gave appreciable amounts of the carboxylic acid along with the aldehyde 23. Thus, reduction of the ozonolysis mixture with LiAlH, followed by Swern oxidation'O proved to be more efficient. Realization of the keto aldehyde 25 was achieved in a straightforward manner. Addition of ethylmagnesium bromide to aldehyde 23 gave a mixture of alcohols that were desilylated with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride to a mixture of diols 24. A double Swern oxidation provided the keto aldehyde in 6890 yield from aldehyde 23. The RAMP hydrazone of 3-pentanone was successfully alkylated with l-bromo-2-methyl-2(E)-pentene(24) as described by Enders for l-brom0-2-methy1-2(E)-butene.~ The prescribed acid hydrolysis conditions that were reported to be successful with the latter alkylating agent gave a ketone with an enantiomeric excess (ee) of 20%. The method of Corey and Knapp," which employs cupric acetate for the cleavage of dialkylhydrazones, afforded ketone 5 with an ee of 89%. While the ee of the lower homologue of ketone 5 had been determined by 'H NMR using shift reagents, ketone 5 was not amenable to such an analysis owing to the density of the signals in the high-field region of the spectrum. As an alternative, the ketone was reduced with LiA1H4to a 1:l mixture of alcohols that was derivatized as their Mosher esters. Analysis was accomplished by 19F NMR. The union of the fragments 5 and 25 was accomplished via an aldol condensation. Ketone 5 was treated with LDA and the resultant less substituted enolate was condensed with the keto aldehyde 25 to afford a 1.0:3.6:2.1 mixture of three aldol products A, B, and C, respectively, in 86% yield. Although the least polar isomer (A) could be separated from the other two, chromatographic separation proved unnecessary. Swern oxidation of the mixture provided after flash chromatography a 2.7:l ratio of pdicarbonyls 26a and 26b, respectively, in 81% yield.12 (9) Lipshutz, B.; Morey, M. C. J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2419. (10)Omura, K.; Swern, D. Tetrahedron 1978, 34, 1651. (11) Corey, E. J.; Knapp, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1976,3667. (12) Smith, A. B., 111; Levenberg, P. A. Synthesis 1981, 567.
Although the stereochemistry at Clo could not be determined at this juncture, it was assigned as a result of the ensuing cyclizations. Careful rechromatography afforded fractions enriched in the Clo a-isomer 26a (4.6:l) and the ,&isomer 26b (5.3:l).
0
0
6, ,d
0
26a. Cloa-Me b. C I O P M
The deprotection of the P-diketones 26 in the presence of strong acid, e.g., TFA, was successful, but the reaction mixture contained products of dehydration and none of the denticulatins. The use of 5% oxalic acid in 1:l aqueous T H F at room temperature afforded the denticulatins without products of dehydration as long as the reaction was run to -50% conversion. Thus, a mixture of P-diketones 26a and 26b (4.6:l) gave denticulatins A and B (6:l) in 69% yield based on recovered starting material; a 1:4.7 mixture of the respective P-diketones gave denticulatins A and B (153) in 72% yield. In the former experiment, the recovered P-diketone had a ratio of 26a:26b of 2.9:l; in the latter case, the ratio was 1:1.5. These data indicate an appreciable degree of stereospecificity, i.e., 26a 2a and 26b 2b. The P-diketones do not completely isomerize prior to hydrolysis and cyclization. No other modes of cyclization could be detected, even prior to 50% conversion. The identity of the denticulatins was confirmed by comparison of 'H NMR spectra, 13C NMR spectra,2 high-resolution mass spectra (CI), and optical rotation.
-
-
Experimental Section All reactions were conducted in flame-dried glassware under an atmosphere of N2with a magnetic stirring bar unless otherwise noted. Diethyl ether and THF were distilled from sodium benzophenone ketyl under N2. Diisopropylamine, pyridine, triethylamine, hexane, methylene chloride, oxalyl chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide were distilled from CaH* All other reagents were used as received unless otherwise indicated. GLC capillary, 25-mbonded Carbowax 20M, 0.25 pm (160'C). HPLC: Du Pont Zorbax, 4.6 X 250 mm, 5 pm, 1.5 mL/min, 20% EtOAc/heptane. Workup means the organic extracts were dried over anhydrous MgS04, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. Microanalyses were within 0.4%. 4( S )-[ 1 (S),4-Dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl]-2,2,5(R )-himethyl-l,3-dioxane(15). A solution of pure 2(R),4(S),7-trimethyl-5(E)-octene-1,3(S)-diols (13.98g, 75.0 mmol) in 400 mL of 2,2-dimethoxypropaneand 200 mg of p-TsOH-H20 was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solution was diluted with 800 mL of EhO and washed with aqueous NaHC03. Workup afforded 16.94 g of acetonide 15 (99% yield) containing a minor amount of excess reagent. The acetonide was used without further purification. A small portion (115mg) was chromatographed (10% EhO/hexanes) for analysis: IR (CDC13)2961,1604cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 5.37 (m, 2 H), 3.65 (dd, 1 H, J = 11.4,5.2 Hz), 3.48 (t, 1 H,J = 11.3 Hz), 3.35 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.1,2.4 Hz), 2.28 (m, 2 H), 1.75 (m, 1 H), 1.41 (e, 3 H), 1.38 (s, 3 H), 1.02 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.98 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.97 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.69 (d, 3 H,J = 6.7Hz); [a]19D -14.4' (c 0.25,CDCld; HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for Cl,H2e02(H), 227.2012;found, 227.2026. 4( S ) - [1 (S)-Methyl-2-cyanoethy1]-2,2,5(R)-trimethyl-l,3dioxane (16a). A solution of crude acetonide 15 (19.18g, 84.7 mmol) was subjected to sequential ozonolysis, LiAlH, reduction, tosylation, and cyanide displacement as previously describeds to give 9.16 g (62%) of crude nitrile 16a as a brown oil. A portion (2.5g) was distilled (Kugelrohr, 100 ' C , 20 Torr) to give 2.06 g of nitrile 16a that contained a minor amount of isovaleronitrile: IR (CC1,) 2968,2248cm-'; 'HNMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 3.71 (dd,
Synthesis of (-)-Denticulatins A and B 1H, J = 12.1,4.8 Hz), 3.48 (dd, 1 H, J = 11.9, 11.0 Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 2.5 Hz), 2.46 (dd, 1 H, J = 16.7,4.6 Hz), 2.35 (d, 1H, J = 9.2 Hz), 2.13 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3 H), 1.36 (s, 3 H), 1.17 (d, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.79 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz). 4(S )-[ 1 (S)-Methyl-2-carboxyethyl]-2,2,5(R)-trimethyl1,3-dioxane(16b). A mixture of nitrile 16a (0.60 g, 3.04 mmol), 17 mL of 30% KOH solution, and 1.1 mL of 30% aqueous HzOZ was heated at 48 "C for 5 h and then at reflux for 78 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with 20 mL of water, and extracted with CHC13 (3X). The basic, aqueous layer was neutralized to pH 7 with 25% HCl, taken to pH 4 with 10% aqueous oxalic acid, and then extracted with CHC1, (4X). Workup (Na2S04)of the combined organics from the acidic extracts gave 0.51 g of acetonide acid 16b (78% yield), which was used without further purification: IR (CCl,) 320-2800, 1708 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 3.72 (dd, 1H, J = 11.6, 5.1 Hz), 3.50 (t, 1 H, J = 11.1Hz), 3.41 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 1.5 Hz), 2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.26 (m, 2 H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.41 (s, 3 H), 1.37 (s, 3 H), 1.07 (d, 3 H, J = 6.5 Hz), 0.78 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz).
J . Org. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 9,1990 2803 Workup yielded 0.81 g of crude lactone, which upon flash chromatography (35% EtOAc/hexanes) provided 0.57 g of pure hydroxy lactone 17a (84% overall yield); IR (CC14)3480,2965,1772 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDC13,250 MHz) 6 5.48 (dd, 1 H, J = 15.6,6.4 Hz), 5.31 (dd, 1 H, J = 15.5, 6.9 Hz), 3.87 (t, 1 H, J = 7.3 Hz) 3.68 (broad, 2 H), 2.75 (m, 1H), 2.24 (m, 3 H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.69 (broad, 1 H), 1.19 (d, 3 H, J = 6.2 Hz), 1.15 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.02 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.97 (d, 6 H, J = 6.7 Hz); [ ~ Y ] +49.0° ~D ( c 1.63, CHCl,); HRMS (EI) calcd for C15HBO3, 254.1883; found, 254.1879. 3(S )-[ 1 (R),4-Dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl1-4( S )-methyl-5( S)-[ 1 ( R)-methyl-%-[ ( tert -butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]ethylldihydro-2(3H)-furanone (17b). Hydroxy lactone 17a (0.57 g, 2.25 mmol), Et3N (1.13 mL, 8.10 mmol), and DMAP (14 mg, 0.11 mmol) were dissolved in 22 mL of CHZCl2.tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl chloride (1.05 mL, 4.05 mmol) was added via a syringe and the re$+ultantsolution was stirred at room temperature for 13 h. The
contents were diluted with EtzO and washed successively with 5 % HCl, saturated NaHC0, solution, and water, followed by workup, which gave 1.66 g of crude silyl ether. Flash chroma(S)-2-Methyl-4(E)-hexen-3-01 Ester of Acetonide Acid 16b tography (5% EtOAc/hexanes) afforded 0.84 g of silyl ether 17b (0.15 g, 1.36 mmol) was (19). (S)-2-Methyl-4(E)-hexen-3-o16J3 (94% yield based on recovered starting material) and 0.11 g of dissolved in 1.0 mL of CH2C12,and to this solution was added unreacted hydroxy lactone 17a. Careful chromatography (if dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC, 0.19 g, 0.91 mmol), 4-(didesired) of the above product provided 0.83 g of the desired trans methy1amino)pyridine (DMAP, 12.0 mg, 0.098 mmol), and lactone 17b and 17 mg of its cis isomer. Silyl ether lactone 17b: DMAPSHCI (16.0 mg, 0.10 mmol). The mixture was brought to IR (CHCI,) 2964, 1758 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCI,, 250 MHz) 6 7.67 reflux (45 "C) and acetonide acid 16b (0.17 g, 0.80 mmol) in 1.8 (m, 4 H), 7.42 (m, 6 H), 5.45 (dd, 1H, J = 15.5,6.5 Hz), 5.29 (dd, mL of CH2ClPwas added dropwise via a syringe pump over a period of 15 h followed by a 1.0-mL rinse with CH2C12of the 1 H, 15.6,6.8 Hz), 3.99 (t, 1 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 3.68 (d, 2 H, J = 5.3 Hz), 2.71 (m, 1 H), 2.24 (m, 1 H), 2.21 (m, 2 H), 1.93 (m, 1 H), syringe. After addition was complete, the yellow solution was heated at reflux for an additional 24 h. The reaction mixture was 1.17(d,3H,J=6.2Hz),1.13(d,3H,J=7.0Hz),1.07(~,9H), 0.99 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.93 (d, 6 H, J = 6.6 Hz); [~Y]"D +34.3" diluted with 25 mL of Et20 and filtered through a Celite plug. Concentration in vacuo followed by flash chromatography (8% ( c 1.06, CHCl,); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C31H4403Si(H), 493.3139; found, 493.3131. Anal. Calcd for C31H4403Si:C, 75.56; EbO/hexanes) provided 0.18 g of pure ester 19 (74%): IR (CClJ 2964, 1730 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 5.71 (dqd, 1H, H, 8.85. Found: C, 75.40; H, 9.01. Cis silyl ether lactone: 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 7.67 (m, 4 H), 7.42 (m, 6 H), 5.45 (dd, J = 15.2, 6.4, 0.7 Hz), 5.39 (ddd, 1H, J = 15.3, 7.8, 1.6 Hz), 5.00 1 H, J = 15.5, 6.0 Hz), 5.32 (dd, 1H, J = 15.6, 7.0 Hz), 4.01 (dd, (t, 1 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 3.68 (dd, 1 H, J = 11.5, 5.1 Hz), 3.47 (t, 1 1 H, J = 8.3, 6.3 Hz), 3.68 (dd, 2 H, J = 5.5, 1.8 Hz), 2.63 (m, 1 H, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.37 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 1.9 Hz), 2.48 (dd, 1 H, J = 14.5, 2.9 Hz), 2.25 (m, 1 H), 2.14 (dd, 1H, J = 14.6, 9.8 Hz), H), 2.31 (m, 1 H), 2.23 (m, 2 H), 1.97 (m, 1 H), 1.13 (d, 3 H, J 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.70 (dd, 3 H, J = 6.6, 1.3 Hz), 1.69 (m, 1 H), 1.39 = 6.2 Hz), 1.11 (d, 3 H, J = 6.9 Hz), 1.07 (s, 9 H), 1.00 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.96 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.95 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz). (s, 3 H), 1.35 (s, 3 H), 1.00 (d, 3 H, J = 6.5 Hz), 0.90 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 0.88 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 0.76 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz); 1-[ (tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]-2(R),4(S),6(R),9-tetra[(UI2'D -32.7O ( c 1.26, CHCI,); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for methyl-7(E)-decene-3(R),5(S)-diol(21). Lactone 17b (2.72 C18H3204(H), 313.2380; found, 313.2363. Anal. Calcd for ClJ-IBO,: g, 5.52 mmol) gave diol 21 (1.84 g, 78%) as previously described for its ~tereoisomer:'~mp 83-84.5 OC; IR (CCl,) 3461,2961,1549 C, 69.20; H, 10.32. Found: C, 69.18; H, 10.34. 3(S)-[ 1 (R),4-Dimethyl-2(E)-pentenyl]-4(S)-methyl-5- cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 7.70 (m, 4 H), 7.44 (m, 6 H), 5.55 (dd, 1 H, J = 15.7, 5.9 Hz), 5.46 (dd, 1H, J = 15.7, 5.5 Hz), ( S ) - [1 (R)-methyl-2-hydroxyethyl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone (17a). LDA (0.28 M solution) was formed in 10 mL of THF at 4.28 (broad, 2 H), 3.88 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2,4.1 Hz), 3.69 (dd, 1 H, -5°C by adding diisopropylamine (0.490 mL, 3.47 mmol) followed J = 10.2, 4.7 Hz), 3.59 (m, 2 H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.31 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1 H), 1.88 (m, 1 H), 1.13 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.08 (5, 9 H), by dropwise addition of n-BuLi (2.17 mL of a 1.60 M solution in hexanes, 3.47 mmol). After 15 min, the solution was cooled 1.01 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 1.00 (d, 6 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 0.79 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz); [(u]'~D -18.7" (C 1.00, CHCl,); HRMS (CI, M + H) to -78 "C and a solution of allylic ester 19 (0.834 g, 2.67 mmol) in 1.5 mL of THF was added, followed by 3 X 0.1 mL of THF calcd for C&Ia03Si(H), 483.3296; found, 483.3283. Anal. Calcd rinses. After 2 h at -78 "C, tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (0.523 for C30H4603Si:C, 74.64; H, 9.60. Found: C, 74.53; H, 9.63. 6(S )-[ 1 (R),l-Dimethyl-%(E)-pentenyll-4(S )-[ 1 ( R)g, 3.47 mmol) was added to the yellow solution and stirring was methyl-2-[(tert-butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]ethyl]-2(S),5(S)continued for 30 min at -78 "C. The reaction mixture was allowed dimethyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane (22). To diol 21 to warm slowly to room temperature over a period of 45 min. A reflux condenser was affixed and the solution was heated at reflux (0.301 g, 0.623 mmol) dissolved in 4 mL of CHzClzunder Ar were for 18 h and then cooled to room temperature. The solution was added sequentially 15 4-A molecular sieves, a,p-dimethoxystyrene treated with 3.0 mL of 5% HC1, stirred for 30 min, diluted with (0.4 mL, 2.4 mmol), and 5 mg of pyridinium tosylate (PPTS). The reaction appeared complete (TLC) after 1 h. The contents were EtzO, and washed successively with HzO, saturated NaHC0, diluted with 100 mL of EtzO and washed successively with satsolution, and brine. Workup yielded 1.154 g of crude acid 20a. urated NaHCO, solution, water, and brine. Workup yielded 0.79 A small portion of the acid (13 mg) was purified by flash chromatography (35% EtOAc/hexanes) to give 10 mg (77%) of the g of crude ketal 22, which upon flash chromatography (5% acid IR (CCl,) 3200-2500,1701 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) Et,O/hexanes) provided 0.36 g (94%) of pure p-methoxyacetophenylidene ketal 22: IR (CC,) 2961,1616,1551,1513 cm-'; 'H 6 5.38 (m, 2 H), 3.68 (dd, 1 H, J = 11.6, 4.9 Hz), 3.40 (m, 2 H), NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 7.66 (m, 4 H), 7.45-7.23 (m, 8 H), 6.85 2.58 (m, 1 H), 2.52 (m, 1 H), 2.24 (m, 1 H), 2.20 (m, 1 H), 1.83 (d, 2 H), 5.55 (dd, 1 H, J = 15.6,7.4 Hz), 5.40 (dd, 1 H, J = 15.5, (m, 1 H), 1.39 (s, 3 H), 1.38 (s, 3 H), 1.05 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 6.4 Hz), 3.92 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 6.4 Hz), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.61 (dd, 1.01 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.98 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 0.97 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), 0.82 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz), [c~]~D-32.3"(C 0.53, CHCl,); 1 H, J = 10.4, 1.9 Hz), 3.56 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 2.7 Hz), 3.52 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 6.9 Hz), 2.36 (m, 1 H), 2.28 (m, 1 H), 2.14 (m, 1 HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C18H3204(H),313.2380; found, 313.2374. The crude acid dissolved in 12 mL of THF was treated H), 1.87 (m, 1 H), 1.55 (s, 3 H), 1.08 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.04 (s, 9 H), 1.00 (d, 6 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.88 (d, 3 H, J = 6.9 Hz), 0.75 with 6 mL of 10% HCl and stirred at room temperature for 6.5 (d, 3 H, J = 6.5 Hz); [~Y]',D -47.1" (C 1.15, CHClJ; HRMS (CI, h. The mixture was diluted with EtzO and washed as above. (13) Martin, V. S.; Woodard, S. S.; Kabuki, T.;Yamada, Y.; Ikeda, M.; Sharpless, K. B. J . Am. Chem. SOC.1981, 103,6237.
(14)Ziegler, F. E.; Cain, W. T. J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 3347.
2804 J . Org. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 9, 1990
+
M H) calcd for C39H5404Si(H),615.3871; found, 615.3827. Anal. Calcd for C39Hs404Si:C, 76.17; H, 8.85. Found: C, 76.26; H, 8.89. 6 ( R ) - 1[(R)-Methyl-2-[(tert -butyldiphenylsilyl)oxy]ethyl]-4(R)-[1( S)-methyl-2-oxoethyl]-2(R),5(R)-dimethyl2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxane(23). Olefin 22 (0.34 g, 0.55 mmol) was dissolved in 12 mL of a 4:l mixture of MeOH/EtOAc and cooled to -78 "C. Solid NaHC03 was added as a buffer, and ozone was bubbled through the solution until a blue color persisted for 4 min. The vessel was purged with Nz and allowed to warm to room temperature. The crude mixture was filtered through a Celite plug and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in 24 mL of Et20 and cooled to 0 "C. LiAlH, (90mg, 2.21 mmol) was added in four portions over a 5-min period, and the resultant mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. Excess reagent was decomposed (90 pL of HzO, 90 pL of 15% NaOH, 270 pL of H20) at 0 "C and workup gave 0.31 g of crude primary alcohol: 'H NMR (CDCI,, 250 MHz) 6 7.67 (m, 4 H), 7.42-7.24 (m, 8 H), 6.84 (d, 2 H), 3.93 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2,6.6 Hz), 3.89 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 2.3 Hz), 3.82 (s, 3 H), 3.81-3.65 (m, 3 H), 3.50 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 6.5 Hz), 2.18 (m, 2 H), 2.01 (m, 1 H), 1.96 (m, 1 H), 1.65 (s, 3 H), 1.07 (d, 3 H, J = 4.1 Hz), 1.04 (s, 9 H), 0.86 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.75 (d, 3'H, J = 6.6 Hz); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C35H4805Si(H),577.3351; found, 577.3323. Oxalyl chloride (0.14 ml, 1.60 mmol) was dissolved in 8 mL of CHZClz and cooled to -78 "C. DMSO (0.118 mL, 1.66 mmol) in 3 mL of CHZCl2was added via syringe, and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. Crude alcohol (0.31 g, 0.53 mmol) in 3 mL of CHzC12was then added dropwise, followed by 3 X 0.1 mL rinses with CHzCl2. The resultant solution was stirred for 20 min at -78 "C and then treated with EgN (0.372 mL, 2.67 mmol). The mixture was stirred an additional 20 min at -78 "C and then warmed to 0 "C for 10 min. The contents were diluted with 75 mL of Et20 and washed with water followed by brine. Workup and flash chromatography (25% EtzO/hexanes) afforded 0.24 g of pure aldehyde 23 (75% yield overall): IR (CC14)2932, 1732, 1550, 1513 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) d 9.75 (s, 1 H), 7.67 (m, 4 H), 7.45-7.21 (m, 8 H), 6.83 (d, 2 H), 4.27 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 2.5 Hz), 3.93 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 7.1 Hz), 3.81 (9, 3 H), 3.74 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 1.5 Hz), 3.50 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 6.2 Hz), 2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.21 (m, 1 H), 2.11 (m, 1 H), 1.62 (s, 3 H), 1.06 (d, 3 H, J = 7.7 Hz), 1.04 (s,9 H), 1.03 (d, 3 H, J = 4.8 Hz), 0.81 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz); -6.25" (c 0.96, CHC13);HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C&&Si(H), 575.3194; found, 575.3206. 4( S ) - [1 (R)-Methyl-2-hydroxybutyl]-6(R)-[ l(R)-methyl2-hydroxyethyl]-2(R ),5(R )-dimethyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxanes(24). To aldehyde 23 (45 mg, 0.078 mmol) dissolved in 3 mL of Et20 at 0 "C was added dropwise ethylmagnesium bromide (0.30 mL; 3.3 M in EtzO, 1.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 "C for 45 min and then at room temperature for 30 min. Excess reagent was quenched with 0.5 mL of MeOH a t 0 "C. The contents were diluted with 50 mL of EbO and washed with 30 mL of saturated NH4Cl solution. The aqueous layer was reextracted with E g o . The combined organic layers were again washed with saturated NH4Cl solution and then brine, followed by workup, which gave 50 mg of crude secondary alcohols in a -2.4:l ratio: 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz, partial) d 3.98-3.66 (m, 4 H), 3.82, 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.51 (m, 1 H), 1.70, 1.69 (s, 3 H), 1.06, 1.05 (s, 9 H). The crude alcohols (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) were dissolved in 3 mL of T H F and were treated with tert-butylammonium fluoride (TBAF, 0.16 mL; 1.0 M solution, 0.16 mmol). After 15 h of stirring a t room temperature, the contents were diluted with EhO and washed with water. The aqueous layer was reextracted with EtzO and then with EtOAc. Workup and flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexanes) gave 26 mg (92% yield overall) of an inseparable mixture of diastereomeric diols 24: IR (CC14)3549,2966,1616,1515 cm-'; 'H NMR for the major diastereomer (CDCl,, 250 MHz, partial) 6 7.37 (d, 2 H), 6.85 (d, 2 H), 3.97 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 2.2 Hz), 3.91 (dd, 1 H, J = 11.5, 3.8 Hz), 3.80 (s,3 H), 3.58 (broad, 2 H), 3.25 (broad, 1H), 2.32 (broad, 2 H), 1.98 (m, 2 H), 1.87 (m, 1 H), 1.74 (s, 3 H), 1.64 (m, 1 H), 1.49 (m, 1 H), 1.22 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.99 (t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), -26.1" 0.99 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.84 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz); (c 0.97, CHCl,); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C21H3405(H)r 367.2485; found, 367.2471. l(S)-methyl-2-oxo4(R)-[ 1 (S)-Methyl-2-oxobuty1]-6(S)-[ ethyl]-2(R),Ei(R)-dimethyl-2-(p-methoxypheny1)-1,3-dioxane
Ziegler and Becker (25). Oxalyl chloride (0.08 mL, 0.90 mmol) was dissolved in 2.0 mL of CHzClzand was cooled to -78 "C. DMSO (0.13 mL, 1.80 mmol) in 0.5 mL of CHzCl2was added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 min. Diols 24 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in 1.5 mL of CH2C12were added dropwise, followed by 3 X 0.1 mL rinses with CHzCl,. The resultant solution was stirred for 30 min at -78 "C, and was then treated with Et3N (0.38 mL, 2.73 mmol). Stirring was continued an additional 15 min at -78 "C and then warmed to 0 "C for 10 min. Saturated NH4Cl solution was added, and the contents were diluted with a 1:l mixture of EtzO/EtOAc. The layers were separated and the organics were washed with brine, whereupon workup and flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexanes) afforded 74 mg of pure keto aldehyde 25 (74%) as a crystalline white solid: mp 93-95 "C; IR (CHC13)2981, 1718, 1701,1614, 1514 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDC13, 250 MHz) 6 9.77 (d, 1 H, J = 2.9 Hz), 7.34 (d, 2 H), 6.85 (d, 2 H), 4.26 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.1, 3.2 Hz), 3.95 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.5, 2.1 Hz), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 2.68 (m, 2 H), 2.56 (4,2 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.83 (m, 1 H), 1.65 (s, 3 H), 1.31 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.16 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.09 (t, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 0.88 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz); 13C NMR (CDC13, 250 MHz) 6 212.4, 204.3, 159.0, 137.8, 125.6 (2 C), 113.2 (2 C), 98.5, 77.3,76.5,55.2,47.8,47.4,33.9, 33.4, 20.7, 11.7, 11.6,8.8, 7.8; [(~]~~D-25.1" (C 1.25, CHCl3); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for CzlH3,05(H), 363.2172; found, 363.2164. 2-Methyl-2(E)-pentenyl Bromide.15 2-Methyl-Z(E)-pentenoP6 (2.35 g, 23.5 mmol) gave 3.60 g of crude bromide. Kugelrohr distillation (55 "C, 20 Torr) provided 3.27 g (85%) of pure bromide: IR (CCl,) 2971, 1661 (weak) cm-'; 'H NMR (CDC13,250 MHz) d 5.61 (t, 1 H), 3.99 (s, 2 H), 2.05 (quintet, 2 H), 1.76 (s, 3 H), 0.98 (t, 3 H). Alkylation of the RAMP Hydrazone of 3-Pentanone. A 0.18 M solution of LDA was prepared in 29 mL of Et20 at -5 "C under Ar by adding diisopropylamine (0.85 mL, 6.10 mmol) followed by dropwise addition of n-BuLi (3.81 mL; 1.60 M (hexanes), 6.10 mmol). After 25 min, 3-pentanone RAMP hydrazone5 (1.15 g, 5.80 mmol) in 19 mL of EbO a t 0 "C was added to the stirred solution via cannula over a period of 5 min under Ar. After 6 h at 0 "C, during which time 28 mL of Et20 was added to facilitate dilution of the thickened slurry, the flask was cooled to -110 "C (pentane/liquid N2 bath) for 15 min, and 2-methyl2(E)-pentenyl bromide (1.23 g, 7.54 mmol) was added neat via a syringe with subsequent dissolution of the precipitate. The resultant mixture was kept a t -110 "C for 30 min and then was allowed to warm slowly to room temperature overnight. After 19 h, the contents were diluted with 200 mL of EtzO and were washed with 50 mL of HzO. The aqueous layer was reextracted with EhO (ZX), and workup of the combined organics provided 1.58 g (97%) of crude alkylated RAMP hydrazone that required no further purification: IR (CHC13)2931, 2874, 1625, 1461 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) d 5.12 (t, 1 H, J =7.1 Hz), 3.62 (sext, 1 H), 3.38 (d, 1 H, J = 5.8 Hz), 3.35 (s, 3 H), 3.23-2.99 (m, 2 H), 3.16 (d, 1 H, J = 5.4 Hz), 2.42 (4, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 2.19-1.92 (m, 6 H), 1.83 (m, 2 H), 1.63 (m, 2 H), 1.61 (s, 3 H), 1.10 (t, 3 H, J = 7.9 Hz), 1.00 (d, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.95 (t, 3 H, J = 7.7 Hz); [.I2'D -2OOO ( c 0.05, CHC13);HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C17H32N2O(H), 281.2595; found, 281.2592. 4(R),6-Dimethyl-G(E)-nonen-3-0ne (5). To a stirred suspension of cupric acetate (1.64 g, 8.20 mmol) in 82 mL of HzO at 0 "C was added dropwise the alkylated RAMP hydrazone (1.15 g, 4.10 mmol) in 82 mL of THF. The resultant blue-green mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over a period of 17 h. The orange slurry was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with saturated NH4C1solution, and extracted with CHzClz(3X). Workup (Na2SO4)and distillation (Kugelrohr, 50-55 "C, 0.5 Torr) afforded 0.39 g (56%) of ketone 5 as a yellow oil: IR (CHC13) 2967, 1708 cm-'; 'H NMR (CDC13,250 MHz) d 5.13 (t, 1 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.72 (sext, 1 H), 2.46 (4, 2 H, J = 7.6 Hz), 2.32 (dd, 1 H, J = 13.8, 7.3 Hz), 1.98 (m, 3 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H), 1.04 (t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.02 (d, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.94 (t, 3 H, J = 7.7 Hz); [ c Y ] ~ ~-23.9" D (C 1.12, CHClJ; HRMS (EI) calcd for CllH200, 168.1515; found, 168.1508. (15) This procedure is based on the report of Vig [Vig, 0. P.; Sharma, S. D.; Handa, V. K. Indian J. Chem. 1978,16B,1141 except that pentane was used as a solvent to minimize SNZ' bromide formation. (16) Evans, M. B.; Higgins, G. M. C.; Saville, B.; Watson, A. A. J. Chem. SOC.1962, 5045.
Synthesis of (-)-Denticulatins A and B
J . Org. Chem., Vol. 55, No. 9, 1990 2805
3 H, J = 5.3 Hz), 0.88 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz). Denticulatin A (2a). Enriched P-diketone 26a (28 mg, 0.05 mmol, 4.6:l.O ratio) was dissolved in 0.6 mL of THF, and 0.6 mL of a 10% aqueous solution of oxalic acid was added. The mixture was stirred for 39 h at room temperature, at which time saturated aqueous NaHC03 was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, and workup 0.19 mmol) dissolved in 0.5 mL of THF and cooled to -78 "C was afforded 28 mg of a mixture of 2a, 2b, and unhydrolyzed starting added dropwise 1.14 mL of LDA in T H F (0.17 M, 0.19 mmol). material 26 (50% conversion; 'H NMR integration). Flash Stirring was continued for 1 h, and then keto aldehyde 25 (44.0 chromatography (15% EtOAc/hexanes) gave 6.8 mg (69% yield mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1.0 mL of THF was added via syringe. The based on recovered starting material) of pure denticulatins A (2a) resultant solution was stirred for 20 min a t -78 "C, whereupon and B (2b) (6:l) and 15 mg of unreacted P-diketone ketals 26a the reaction mixture was quenched with 10 mL of saturated NH4Cl and 26b (2.9:l.O): IR (CC14) 3521, 3314, 2966, 1718, 1700, 1684 solution and allowed to warm to room temperature. The aqueous cm-'; 'H NMR (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 6.10 (s, 1 H), 5.15 (t, 1 H, J layers were extracted with 30 mL of a 1:l mixture of EhO/EtOAc. = 7.0 Hz), 4.40 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.8, 2.8 Hz), 3.63 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.9, The organic phase was washed with NH&l and the combined 2.5, 2.5 Hz), 3.38 (d, 1 H, J = 9.0 Hz), 2.96 (m, 1 H), 2.77 (4, 1 aqueous layers were reextracted with EtzO. Workup and flash H, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.52 (complex m, 3 H), 2.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 13.7, chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexanes) gave 50 mg (86% yield) 3.6 Hz), 2.00 (m, 2 H), 1.81 (m, 1 H), 1.75 (dd, 1 H, J = 13.3, 9.2 of @-hydroxyketones in a ratio of 1.03.6:2.1 as determined by Hz), 1.67 (m, 1 H), 1.59 (s, 3 H), 1.21 (d, 3 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.11 HPLC analysis. Rechromatography separated the minor com(d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.05 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.04 (t, 3 H, J = ponent from the other two. Least polar, minor diastereomer (Rf = 0.29): 'H NMR (CDCI,, 250 MHz) 6 7.32 (d, 2 H),6.82 (d, 2 7.3 Hz), 0.97 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.95 (t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.94 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz); 13C NMR (C6D6,250 MHz) 6 219.4, 210.3, H),5.17(t,1H,J=7.1Hz),4.28(dd,1H,J=10.4,3.1Hz),4.13 132.3, 130.0, 103.5, 76.0, 70.2,51.1, 47.8,43.4,43.1, 39.3, 38.3, 33.2, (d, 1 H, J = 9.6 Hz), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.76 (m, 1 H), 3.19 (broad, 1 22.1, 16.4,16.1,14.9,14.0,12.4,8.6,8.4; [c~]~'~-43.1" (C 0.33, CHC13) H), 2.82 (complex m, 3 H), 2.58 (q, 2 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.33 (dd, (lit.2[0ID-30.7" (c 1.49, CHCl,)"); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for 1 H, J = 14.2, 6.5 Hz),2.01 (m, 3 H), 1.83 (m, 2 H), 1.64 (s, 3 H), 1.62 (s, 3 H), 1.25 (d, 3 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.22 (d, 3 H, J = 7.3 Hz), CZ,H4,,O5(H),397.2955; found, 397.2968. Denticulatin B (2b). Enriched P-diketone 26b (15 mg, 0.028 1.11(t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.09 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.02 (d, 3 H, mmol, 4.7:l.O) was dissolved in 0.5 mL of THF, and 0.5 mL of J = 7.3 Hz), 0.97 (t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.86 (d, 3 H, J = 6.7 Hz). a 10% aqueous solution of oxalic acid was added. The mixture Major diastereomer ( R = 0.22): IR (CCl,) 3527,2968,1718,1707, was stirred for 45 h at room temperature, at which time the 1615, 1514 cm-'; 'H d M R (CDCl,, 250 MHz, partial) 6 7.35 (d, 2 H), 6.84 (d, 2 H), 5.12 (t, 1 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 4.19 (dd, 1 H, J = reaction mixture was worked up (vide supra) to provide 12 mg of a mixture 2a, 2b, and unhydrolyzed starting material 26 (50% 10.6, 3.3 Hz), 4.06 (m, 1 H), 3.83 (dd, 1 H), 3.81 (s, 3 H), 3.07 conversion; 'H NMR integration). Flash chromatography (15% (broad, 1 H), 2.82 (m, 3 H), 2.57 (q, 2 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.37 (dd, EtOAc/hexanes) gave 4.8 mg (72% yield based on recovered 1H); HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for C32H5006(H), 531.3687; found, starting material) of pure denticulatins A (2a) and B (2b) (1:8) 531.3661. Other diastereomer (R, = 0.21): 'H NMR (CDC13,250 MHz, partial) 6 7.30 (d, 2 H), 6.82 (d, 2 H), 5.15 (t, 1 H, J = 7.3 as a solid and 6.0 mg of unreacted P-diketone ketals 26a and 26b (1.0:1.5): IR (CHCl,) 3437, 2972, 1712, 1695 cm-'; 'H NMR Hz), 4.28 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.4, 2.9 Hz), 4.10 (m, 1 H), 3.88 (dd, 1 (CDC13, 250 MHz) 6 5.34 (s, 1 H), 5.19 (t, 1 H, J = 7.C Hz), 4.42 H),3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.09 (broad, 1 H), 2.72 (m, 3 H), 2.58 (q, 2 H, (dd, 1 H, J = 10.7, 3.0 Hz), 3.57 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.6, 2.5, 2.5 Hz), J = 7.5 Hz), 2.32 (dd, 1 H). 3.09 (d, 1 H, J = 8.8 Hz), 2.95 (q, 1 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 2.69 (m, 1 Oxalyl chloride (0.05 mL, 0.52 mmol) was dissolved in 1.0 mL of CH2Clzand cooled to -78 "C. DMSO (0.07 mL, 1.01 mmol) H), 2.52 (complex m, 3 H), 2.32 (dd, 1 H, J = 13.8, 3.2 Hz), 2.02 in 0.5 mL of CHZClzwas added, and the mixture was stirred for (m, 2 H), 1.73 (dd, 1 H,J = 13.7, 10.5 Hz), 1.69 (m, 1 H), 1.66 (m, 1 H), 1.62 (9, 3 H), 1.22 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.17 (d, 3 H, 3 min. The P-hydroxy ketones (48 mg, 0.09 mmol) (vide supra) in 1.5 mL of CHzClzwere added dropwise via a syringe. The J = 7.1 Hz), 1.06 (t, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.03 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), resulting solution was stirred for 45 min at -78 "C, after which 0.97 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.95 (t, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 0.94 (d, 3 H, Et,N (0.24 mL, 1.72 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred J = 6.9 Hz); 13CNMR (c&&, 250 MHz) 6 218.7,209.7, 132.6, 130.0, 102.7,77.0, 69.9, 52.7,47.6,43.9,43.2, 42.3, 38.4, 33.1, 22.1, 16.1, an additional 20 min at -78 "C and then warmed to 0 "C for 10 min. The contents were diluted with saturated NH4C1solution, 15.7, 15.2, 14.9, 13.8, 12.9, 8.6, 8.2; [.Iz1~ -32.0" (C 0.44, CHClJ allowed to warm to room temperature, and extracted with CH2C12 (lit.' ["ID -26.4" (c 0.39, CHC13)'8);HRMS (CI, M + H) calcd for CZ3H4,,O5(H),397.2955; found, 397.2931. The combined organic layers were washed with brine. Workup (NaZSO4)and flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/hexanes) Acknowledgment. This work was supported by Grant provided 39 mg (81%) of pure P-diketones 26a and 26b (2.7:l.O) GM-33180 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, as determined by HPLC. Partial separation could be achieved by careful flash chromatography (10% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide NIH. M.R.B. expresses his gratitude for t h e receipt of a enriched samples of both diastereomers. Trione 26a (6.6:l.O): IR Dox Fellowship (1989). We are indebted to Kanegafuchi (CCl,) 2979, 1722, 1706, 1700, 1696, 1616, 1514 cm-'; 'H NMR (Japan) for generaou gifts of materials used in this work. (CDCl,, 250 MHz) 6 7.28 (d, 2 H), 6.83 (d, 2 H), 5.07 (t, 1 H, J We are grateful to Mr. Peter Demou, Yale Chemical In= 7.2 Hz), 4.25 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 3.0 Hz), 3.95 (q, 1 H, J = 7.0 strumentation Center, for assistance with t h e I9F NMR Hz), 3.92 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.2, 5.0 Hz), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 2.90 (m, 1H), experiments and Mr. Dan Pentek for high-resolution mass 2.74 (m, 2 H), 2.55 (q, 2 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 2.19 (dd, 1 H, J = 13.4, spectra. W e thank Professor D. J. Faulkner for copies of 6.5 Hz), 1.96 (m, 2 H), 1.79 (m, 2 H), 1.62 (s, 3 H), 1.60 (s, 3 H), t h e 200-MHz 'H NMR spectra of t h e denticulatins. 1.26 (d, 3 H, J = 7.0 Hz), 1.20 (d, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 1.17 (d, 3 H, J = 7.8 Hz), 1.08 (t, 3 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 0.95 (d, 3 H, J = 6.8 Hz), Supplementary Material Available: 'H NMR spectra for 0.90 (t, 3 H, J = 7.5 Hz), 0.90 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz); HRMS (CI, 15, 16a, 16b, 20a, 17a, 17b, 17b (cis), 23, 24, 25, 2-methyl-2M + H) calcd for C32H4806(H), 529.3531; found, 529.3528. Trione (E)-pentenyl bromide, RAMP hydrazone of 5,5,26a, 26b, 2a, and 26b (1.0:5.3): 'H NMR (CDCI,, 250 MHz) 6 7.35 (d, 2 H), 6.84 2b; 13C NMR spectra of 25, 2a, and 2b (29 pages). Ordering (d, 2 H), 5.14 (t, 1 H, J = 7.2 Hz), 4.24 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 2.9 Hz), information is given on any current masthead page. 4.13 (q, 1 H,J = 7.0 Hz), 3.85 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 3.3 Hz), 3.80 (s, 3 H), 2.91 (m, 1 H), 2.80 (m, 1 H), 2.71 (m, 1 H), 2.55 (q, 2 H, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.32 (dd, 1 H, J = 12.8, 5.1 Hz), 2.05 (m, 3 H), 1.88 (17) On the basis of the reported rotation, the mixture should have a (dd, 1 H, J = 9.3, 4.2 Hz), 1.67 (s, 3 H), 1.64 (s, 3 H),1.27 (d, 3 calculated specific rotation of -31'. H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.15 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 1.11 (d, 3 H, J = 7.1 (18) On the basis of the reported rotation, the mixture should have a Hz), 1.07 (t, 3 H, J = 7.1 Hz), 0.94 (t, 3 H,J = 7.2 Hz), 0.90 (d, calculated specific rotation of -26'.
6(R)-[1( S)-Methyl-2-oxobutyl]-4(S )-[ 1 (S ),3(5 ),5(R ),7tetramethyl-2,4-dioxo-7(E)-decenyl]-2( S ),5(S)-dimethyl2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-l,t-dioxane(26a) and 6(R)-[l(S)Methyl-2-oxobutyl]-4(S)-[ 1 (S),3(R),5(R),74etramethyl2,4-dioxo-7(E)-decenyll-2(S),5(S )-dimethyl-2-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,t-dioxane (26b). To a solution of ketone 5 (33.0 mg,
