Subject Index
Persistent Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Status and Trends in the Pacific Basin Countries II Temporal Trends Downloaded from pubs.acs.org by 5.62.157.124 on 11/03/18. For personal use only.
B Brominated flame retardants, 21 BFRs, sources and environmental contamination, 24 introduction some of the legacy, chemical structures, 23f mammals marine mammals, 34 marine mammals from Pacific Basin, temporal trends of PBDEs, 35t PBDEs in marine mammals, temporal trends, 34 terrestrial mammals, 36 PBDEs, status and trends, 25 birds, several studies, 32 fish, several studies, 30 marine fish species, PBDE concentrations, 31f PBDE-209, elevated concentrations, 27 PBDE concentrations, 29f PBDEs, temporal trends, 26f PBDEs in bird eggs, temporal trends, 33t PBDEs in sediment cores, temporal trends, 28f soil and house dust, 28 wild life species, 29 summary and conclusions, 37
C China, persistent organic pollutants, 73 introduction background and objectives, 74 China, description, 76 materials and methods air sampling methodology, 79 ambient air sampling sites, locations, 78t POP analysis methods, 81 quality assurance and quality control, 82 sampling, 77 water sampling sites in China, information, 80t results DL-PCB and marker PCB, 97t
DL-PCB in air, congener profiles, 98f DL-PCBs, concentrations, 92t DL-PCBs in air samples, temporal trends, 101f marker PCBs, congener profiles, 99f marker PCBs, temporal trends in air samples, 100f PCDD/F concentrations, 90t 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F in air samples, concentrations, 86t PCDD/Fs and PCBs, congener profiles, 84 PCDD/Fs and PCBs in ambient air, levels, 83 PCDD/Fs in air, congener profiles, 98f PCDD/Fs in air samples, temporal trends, 100f perfluorinated chemicals, concentrations, 99t perfluorinated chemicals in water samples, concentrations, 100t PFOS and PFOA in water, levels, 85 POP concentrations in the air, trends, 98 Colombia, environmental contamination, 49 conclusions, 67 environmental matrices in Colombia, PCDD/Fs levels co-firing process, emissions, 62 dioxins maximum permissible levels, valid regulations in Colombia, 54t emissions determined using toolkits, 53 incineration sector in Colombia, emissions, 61 PCDD/Fs samples analyzed, localization map, 55f PCDDs, PCDFs, and dl-PCBs, concentration, 56t several cities of Colombia, emissions determined from stations, 62 several matrices, reported concentrations, 55 introduction, 50 regulatory history, 51 control dioxin/furan contamination in Colombia, regulatory timeline, 51f resolution 0886, Ministry of Environment, 52 some foods consumed in Colombia, PCDD/Fs occurrence, 63
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J
PCDD/Fs congeners, individual concentrations, 65f total concentration, PCDD and PCDF contribution, 66f WHO-TEQ values, total concentrations, 65t
H Human breast milk, trends of dioxin, 127 introduction, 128 materials and methods, 130 results and discussion annual demand for HBCDs in Japan, trend, 145f arithmetic mean of PCB congener concentration, trends, 141f β-HCH, DDTs and PCBs levels, time courses, 132f breast milk, dioxin and furan level trends, 135 breast milk fat mixtures, PCB congener composition, 141f brominated flame retardants, trends, 144 chiral pesticides, enantiomers, 142 chlordane contamination, 133 CHLs and HCB levels in breast milk, time courses, 132f concentration of PCB#183 enantiomers, time course, 144f dioxin TEQs in breast milk, time courses, 139f HBCD, time course, 146f HBCDs, chemical structure, 145f HpCDD and OCDD in breast milk, time courses, 136f non-ortho PCB in breast milk, time courses, 138f organic chlorine compounds with breast milk, daily infant intake, 134t organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, 130 PCB congeners and chiral analysis, 140 PCB#183 EFs in breast milk and fish samples, trends, 143f PCBs, DDTs, levels, 131 PeCDD and HpCDD in breast milk, time courses, 137f
Japan, perfluoroalkyl substances, 157 conclusions, 175 introduction, 158 global emissions of PFOA, historical trends, 164f perfluoroalkyl acids in Japan, production and import, 161 perfluoroalkyl substances, environmental occurrence and trends, 165 perfluoroalkyl substances and their acronyms, list, 159t PFOS and PFOA concentrations, time trends, 166f PFOS and PFOA in Japan, production and import, 162t perfluoroalkyl substances in the rivers, occurrence, 166 PFAA homologues in the sample, concentration, 174f PFAAs, homologue distribution and concentration, 170f PFAAs in the dated sediment core, time trends, 173f PFOS and PFOA at 38 environmental reference sites, levels, 168f PFOS and PFOA in the water, concentrations, 169f Tama River, perfluoroalkyl acid precursors, 173 Tama River, trends of PFOA and PFOS concentrations, 170f Tokyo Bay, occurrence of perfluoroalkyl acids in the seawater, 171 Tokyo Bay, perfluoroalkyl substances in the dated sediment core, 172 Tokyo Bay basin, maps of rivers, 167f Tokyo Bay Basin, sources of perfluoroalkyl acids in the rivers, 171 terminology, 158
P Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), biological impact assessment, 203 conclusions, 215 ecotoxicology, existing pertinent cellular techniques, 207 biological impact of sediment toxicity, holistic approach, 208f
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in vitro ecotoxicological studies, assays utilized, 209t genotoxic response comet assay, 211 cytotoxicity assay, 211 immunotoxic responses dioxin responsive (DR) CALUX assay, 210 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 210 EROD assay, 211 introduction, 204 Malaysia, limitations in ecotoxicological studies, 211 impact of organic pollution, constant monitoring, 212 mangrove sediments, ecotoxicity, 213f Malaysia, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 206 PCBs in sediments collected, mean concentration, 206t mangrove ecosystem, 204 mangrove forests in Peninsular Malaysia, distribution, 205f Persistent toxic substances, temporal trends, 103 introduction, 104 special management areas, 105 total pollution load management system, 105 Lake Sihwa Annelida species, temporal occurrence, 119f annual mean concentrations, temporal variations, 117f benthic community responses, 118 environmental deterioration and pollution control, 114 environmental quality, temporal trends, 115 Lake Sihwa, environmental issues and Korean government’s measures, 116f persistent toxic substances, temporal distributions, 118f Masan Bay annual mean concentrations, temporal variations, 110f dominant macrozoobenthos species, temporal occurrence, 113f ecological responses, 112 environmental deterioration and pollution control, 107 environmental quality, temporal trends, 108
Masan Bay, environmental issues and Korean government’s measures, 109f persistent toxic substances, temporal distributions, 111f red tide and maximum cell densities, frequencies, 112f review framework data collection and analysis, 106 special management areas (SMAs) in Korea, map showing, 106f target areas, 105
U U.S.A., environmental emission of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants, 181 insights and future perspectives, 197 introduction, 182 pharmaceuticals from WWTPs, environmental emission mean concentrations of pharmaceuticals, rank order, 196f sewage sludge, 195 wastewater effluent, 193 wastewater effluents from the WWTPs in the U.S.A., concentration of pharmaceuticals, 194f pharmaceuticals in environment, effect, 196 antibiotic residues, potential, 197 WWTPs, mass loading of pharmaceuticals pharmaceuticals and their select metabolites, concentration, 190f pharmaceuticals in wastewater influent, occurrence, 184t suspended particulate matter, 191 wastewater influent, 183 WWTPs, removal of pharmaceuticals, 192 pharmaceuticals from WWTPs in the U.S.A., removal efficiency, 193f USA’s Marine Environmental Specimen Bank, 1 all sample contamination, elimination, 4 analytical methods improve over time, 6 ESBs, previous contaminant results, 12 introduction, 2 programs and generalized sampling locations, 3f new to study, 5
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endocrine disrupting chemicals, occurrence, 235 alkylphenol and bisphenol A, compositon, 236f alkylphenol and bisphenol A, compositon in sediment samples, 237f alkylphenol and bisphenol A, residue concentrations, 236f endrocrine disrupting chemicals, occurrence, 225 BADGEs, 229 bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 230 EDCs levels, summary, 231t indoor dust, synthetic phenolic antioxidants and their metabolites, 234 parabens, 229 phthalates, 228 siloxanes, 227 siloxanes, phthalates, parabens, composition, 226f siloxanes, phthalates, parabens, total concentration, 226f introduction, 225
properly collected and stored specimen bank samples, 7 PBDE 47 in marine mammal blubber, levels, 11f selected contaminants, summary statistics, 10t right species and tissue choice, 3
V Vietnam, emerging endocrine disrupting chemicals and pharmaceuticals, 223 aquatic environments, occurrence of pharmaceuticals, 237 some pharmaceutically active compounds, occurrence, 238f stream water and sediment, cirprofloxacin concentrations, 239t conclusion, 246 dust ingestion, human exposures to EDCs, 240 dust ingestion, emerging endocrine chemicals, 242t human exposures to emerging endocrine chemicals, summary, 244t
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