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"His career is like a tour through an instrument catalog of modern mass spectrometry," says a close associate. Born in Sheffield, England, in 1932, Jennings started his scientific life as a gas kineticist in 1952 at the University of Oxford, where he obtained a Ph.D. degree. From I960 to 1969, he was lecturer at the University of Sheffield, and then for of the mechanism of photosynthesis and three years he was reader at the university. In 1972, he was appointed professor protein dynamics. 7 As Hochstrasser puts it: "Ultrafast pro of physical chemistry at the University of 7 cesses are ubiquitous in biology , where Warwick, England, a position from primary events in photosynthesis, vision, which he retired in September 1997. He and respiration are all known to occur on is now emeritus research professor in the femtosecond timescale. In my re- the protein structure group of the desearch, I use laser light pulses to initiate bi- partment of biological sciences at the ological reactions and molecular dynamics university. theory7 to understand the early steps of Jennings' early work focused on the isomerization, proton transduction, energy- development of the "V-scan," a mass transfer, electron transfer, and ligand reac- spectrometry7 technique used with double-focusing magnetic-sector instruments tions in a variety7 of systems." One colleague says Hochstrasser's that allows accurate observation of the "drive, enthusiasm, and originality7 have peaks and peak shapes arising from prodbeen a continuing inspiration for a whole ucts of metastable fragmentations. This generation of experimental physical chem- method of determining the kinetic ener7 ists who employ ultrafast spectroscopies gy released in these events was among to probe the intimate details of chemical the first to give detailed information on the potential-energy7 surfaces that underreactions in condensed phases." 7 7 Every accomplished chemist has his or lie all ionic reactivity . Jennings has also her dream, and Hochstrasser is no excep- pioneered other scanning modes such as tion. "I guess my dream," he tells C&EN, B/E scans, which are now widely used. One of his most notable achievements "would be to have an atomic-level understanding of human dynamics and disease was the development of collision-induced based on an integration of the fields of dissociation, which is often termed collimedicine, chemistry, and biochemistry7. I sional activation. Without this discovery, 7 hope that the ultrafast field in chemistry7 tandem mass spectrometry would never have evolved. Over the past 20 years or is moving toward relating the dynamics of molecular structure—obtained, for ex- so, most ion chemists have been using colample, by time-resolved X-ray diffrac- lisional activation to probe ion structures tion—to their spectroscopies and ener- and structures of large molecules ionized getics. This combination will revolution- by means of "soft" ionization methods. The biggest impact of this discovery7 has ize chemistry7 and biology." Hochstrasser received a bachelor's de- been in biological tandem mass spectromgree from Heriot-Watt University in Scot- etry, an area in which peptides are seland and a Ph.D. degree from the Univer- quenced, modified DNA is probed, and sity7 of Edinburgh. He is a member of the complex lipids and carbohydrates are National Academy of Sciences and the determined. Jennings was one of the first researchAmerican Academy of Arts & Sciences. He was the winner, in 1996, of ACS's Pe- ers to adopt ion cyclotron resonance 7 ter Debve Award in Phvsical Chemistrv. mass spectrometry in Europe, and his early7 work on the mechanism of ion-molecular reactions helped set the stage for wider acceptance of ICR and its later Frank H. Field & Joe L. evolution into Fourier-transform mass Franklin Award for spectrometry7. Outstanding Achievement in His current interests include the application of electrospray ionization and tanMass Spectrometry dem mass spectrometry7 to the determiSponsored by Finnigan Corp. nation of the structures and conformaKEITH R. JENNINGS has been one of tions of peptides and proteins, to the the primary forces in the development of interactions of peptides and proteins mass spectrometry in the modern era. with other species, and to the interac-
1998 ACS National Award Winners
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ollowing Is the second set of vignettes of recipients of 1998 awards administered by the American Chemical Society. An article on the 1998 Priestley Medalist is scheduled to appear in the March 30 issue of C&EN. Most winners will receive their awards during the 215th ACS national meeting, March 29-April 2, in Dallas. However, the Cope Medalist and the Cope Scholars will receive their awards at the 216th ACS national meeting, Aug. 23-27, in Boston, during the Arthur C Cope Symposium. In addition, the Roger Adams Award is scheduled to be presented at the 36th National Organic Chemistry Symposium, fune 13-17, 1999, in Madison, Wis. C&EN will publish vignettes of the remaining awardees in successive February issues.
E. Bright Wilson Award in Spectroscopy Sponsored by Rohm and Haas ROBIN M. HOCHSTRASSER, director of the University of Pennsylvania's regional laser laboratory, is renowned for his 'pioneering spectroscopic experiments and insights involving dynamic processes in crystals, solutions, and proteins," according to a colleague. In his research, Hochstrasser employs femtosecond spectroscopy to study chemical reactions in liquids, relaxation of molecules at surfaces, and the dynamics of the early events in photosynthesis. His work includes key contributions to mechanisms of ultrafast isomerism reactions in isolated molecules. He initiated the use of femtosecond infrared methods for the study of reactions in solutions and in biological systems such as hemoglobin and myoglobin. Many associates believe Hochstrasser" s most important work has been development of the ultrafast vibrational technique in spectroscopy. His studies involve how solvent molecules determine the dynamics near the transition state, and this work has taken him into studies 60 JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN
Hochstrasser
Jennings
tions of metal ions with molecules of biological importance. In 1985, Jennings was one of five inaugural winners of the coveted Thomson Medal for services to international mass spectrometry, and in 1995, he was the recipient of the Distinguished Contribution Award by the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. In July 199", he was awarded an honorary D.Sc. degree by the University of Lisbon for his contributions to Portuguese mass spectrometry over the past 30 years.
ACS Award for Computers in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Research Sponsored by IBM Xorth America, Scientific & Technical Systems & Solutions WILLIAM L. JORGENSEN, Whitehead Professor of Chemistry at Yale University, has made major advances in computational studies of chemistry in solution. He has been a leader in the development of the field through technical contributions and seminal applications in studies of solvent effects on conformational equilibria, organic reaction surfaces, and host-guest binding. He has also been active in chemical applications of quantum mechanics and computer-assisted synthetic analysis. Jorgensen, born in New York City, received a Ph.D. degree in chemistry at Harvard University in 19"5. While at Harvard, he developed the first computergenerated three-dimensional renderings of molecular orbitals. He started his independent academic career at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind., where he began his computational studies of fluids. The work depends critically on the
Jorgensen availability7 of accurate intermolecular potential functions. The ones that he and his coworkers have developed for water (TIP3P and TIP4P) and organic and biochemical systems (OPLS) are widely used and are incorporated in many computer programs, including Amber, Boss, MacroModel, and Sybyl. When Jorgensen"s work began, computer simulations had been carried out only for some simple liquids. With development of the Boss program, which performs Monte Carlo statistical mechanics calculations, Jorgensen's group was able to model numerous complex organic liquids and solutions. These studies provided much detail on liquid structure, solvation, and solvent effects on conformational equilibria. Subsequent work emphasized the development and implementation of procedures to compute free-energy changes in solution. Important applications included pioneering computations of free-energy profiles for organic reactions in solution, differences in free energies of hydration for organic solutes, and free energies of binding for host-guest complexes. Other leading work has addressed pathways for peptide and protein denaturation using molecular dynamics simulations. Jorgensen has also been a major figure in computer-assisted synthetic analysis. His Cameo program for the interactive prediction of products of organic reactions, given starting materials and conditions, is one of the most sophisticated programs in the discipline. He also made leading contributions in determining structure-activity relationships (for pK{ prediction, for example). According to a colleague, Jorgensen "has certainly had an enormous impact on chemistry through his pioneering use of computers."
Joullie
ACS Award for Encouraging Women into Careers in the Chemical Sciences Sponsored by the Camilie Dreyfus Foundation
&
Henry
MADELEINE M. JOULLIE set a personal goal to increase the opportunities for women in science at an early stage in her 4()-year career. Her success in achieving this goal has affected the lives of many women at the University of Pennsylvania, where she has been a member of the faculty7 since 1953, including her 17 female doctoral students, 13 masters degree students, and many undergraduate women. At a time when there were few women in the sciences, Joullie became a role model for many women, including students in her laboratory and her organic chemistry course. "She encouraged me in my pursuit of a career in chemistry by her example of what a woman chemist can accomplish," writes a former student. "She made sure that I became aware of the efforts of other women chemists who had succeeded by their individual accomplishments, not because of their gender." Joullies dedication to women's issues is just one aspect of her highly accomplished career, notes an associate. She has authored more than 200 publications in the areas of heterocyclic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and the synthesis of natural products. Among other awards, she received the ACS Philadelphia Section Award in 1972, the ACS Garvan Medal in 1978, the American Cyanamid Faculty Award in 1984, the American Institute of Chemists' Honor Award in 1985, and the ACS Henry Hill Award in 1994. Joullie has also excelled as a teacher, especially in her undergraduate organic chemistry course. An admirer describes JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN 6 1
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her course as a 'paradigm of clarity, organization, and enthusiasm for the field." In honor of her efforts, she received the University of Pennsylvania's 1991 Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching. A colleague points out that Joullié has shown her dedication and leadership on women's issues by participation on a variety of university committees throughout her career, including the Colin Committee on the Status of Women at the University of Pennsylvania, the Equal Opportunity Council, the Personnel Committee, and the Committee on Open Expression. Joullié was also the first affirmative action officer of the School of Arts & Sciences at the university, beginning in 1970. Joullié began her life in Paris, then spent her childhood in Brazil before moving to the U.S. for her education. She attended Simmons College in Boston and graduated with a chemistry degree in 1949. She performed her graduate work at the University of Pennsylvania, earning a masters degree in 1950 and a Ph.D. degree in 1953. Throughout her career, Joullié has been a visiting professor at several institutions, including the University of Brazil in 1965, Columbia University in 1968, the University of Grenoble (France) in 1987, and the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1989.
ACS Award for Distinguished Service in the Advancement of Inorganic Chemistry Sponsored by Mallinckrodt Baker HERBERT D. KAESZ, professor of chemistry at the University of California, Los Angeles, has distinguished himself as a researcher as well as an active participant in American Chemical Society affairs. According to one colleague, Kaesz 62 JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN
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has "done it all" to advance the discipline of inorganic chemistry. Kaesz's research, says another associate, has set the stage for many advances in inorganic chemistry. He did seminal work on metal-cluster chemistry, including, for example, high-yield syntheses of rhenium carbonyl hydrides; halide-promoted substitution reactions of ruthenium clusters; the use of infrared spectroscopy for the structural elucidation of metal carbonyls and metal carbonyl hydrides; and research on the transformation of the acetonitrile ligand on an iron carbonyl cluster. Kaesz has attracted and developed first-rate students, postdoctoral fellows, and coworkers who are now major figures in inorganic chemistry in the U.S. and Europe. Kaesz has also contributed many years of service to ACS and the field of inorganic chemistry in general. Since 1968. he has been associate editor of inorganic Chemistry. During that time, the journal has seen dramatic growth in the number of pages published and in its international reputation. Some 50% of contributions to the journal are submitted by authors from abroad. As chair of the ACS Division of Inorganic Chemistry in 1981, Kaesz supported and helped found the subdivisions of solid-state and bioinorganic chemistry. He also initiated Sunday tutorial sessions at ACS national meetings, a programming success adopted by other ACS divisions. In 1993, Kaesz served as chair of the ACS Committee on Professional Training, and he has served as a consultant to the committee as well. He has served on numerous ACS presidential task forces, including the Study Abroad Task Force (1992-93) and the Task Force on Doctoral Education (1994-present). Born in Alexandria, Egypt, Kaesz became a U.S. citizen in 1947. He received an A.B. degree in chemistry from New
York University in 1954, and masters and Ph.D. degrees in chemistry from Harvard University in 1956 and 1959, respective!}7. After a postdoctoral appointment at Harvard, Kaesz moved to UCIA in I960, where he has been a member of the chemistry7 faculty ever since. Among awards and honors he has received are a Senior U.S. Scientist Award from Germany's Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (1988); a Japan So ciety for the Promotion of Science fellowship (1978); and visiting professorships at the University of Auckland, New Zealand (1991); the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie in Toulouse, France (1993); and the Université Pierre et Marie Curie in Paris (1995).
ACS Award in Colloid or Surface Chemistry Sponsored by Procter & Gamble ERIC W. KALER, professor and chairman of the department of chemical engineering at the University of Delaware, Newark, is recognized by researchers in the colloid community as a seminal thinker who has contributed to development of the science and engineering applications of complex fluids. Kaler's work on these types of materials—which include, for example, liquid crystals, microemulsions, and micelles—"has produced fundamental discoveries and insights," writes a colleague. Yet his selection of problems and methods of approach have also led to direct practical applications." Kaler is noted for improving experimental and analytical aspects of smallangle X-ray and neutron scattering for the study of complex fluids under a variety of conditions, including high pressure. "The balance he strikes between fundamental science and applications," notes the colleague, is seen, for example, in his work with blends of oppositely charged surfactants. That work broadened the basic understanding of the field by showing that vesicles form spontaneously in such mixtures, but led as well to practical formulations for which a U.S. patent was issued. Other applications from his work include the use of microemulsions to produce nanoscale polymer particles, the use of viscous and viscoelastic fluids to suspend
Karle
Kiplinger
particles, and the design of replacements for organic solvents. Kaler received a bachelor's degree in chemical engineering in 1978 from California Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. degree from the University- of Minnesota, Minneapolis, in 1982. He began his academic career at the University7 of Washington, Seattle, and remained there from 1982 to 1989. He then moved to the University of Delaware and was appointed chairman of the chemical engineering department in 1996. Kaler has received several awards and honors, including the National Science Foundations Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1984 and the Curtis W. McGraw Research Award from the American Society of Engineering Education in 1995. He serves on the editorial boards of Langmuir Journal of Colloid & Interface Science, and Colloids & Surfaces. Kaler is also the coeditor-in-chief of the international journal Current Opinions in Colloid & Interface Science.
ACS Award in Separations Science & Technology
Richmond
been in protein separation and purification, the application of capillary electrophoresis for DNA analysis, and the linkage of capillar}7 electrophoresis with mass spectrometry for combinatorial library screenings. He is particularly credited with the introduction of replaceable polymer matrices for DNA sequencing. Karger has trained more than 140 students at the doctoral and postdoctoral levels and has lectured widely in the U.S. and overseas. He is the author of more than 230 publications and a coauthor of the textbook, "An Introduction to Separation Science." Karger has received numerous honors and awards, including the ACS Fisher Award in Analytical Chemistry, the ACS Supelco Award in Chromatography, the A. J. P. Martin Medal from the Chromatography Society of the U.K., and the Steven Dal Nogare Memorial Award for Chromatography. He is a member of eight editorial boards of publications covering his field. Karger received a B.S. degree in chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in I960, and a Ph.D. degree in analytical chemistry from Cornell University in 1963. He joined the faculty at Northeastern in 1963.
Sponsored by IRC Advanced Technologies and Millipore Corp. As founder in YF$ of Northeastern University's Barnett Institute of Chemical Analysis & Materials Science, BARRY L. KARGER is credited with 'multifarious contributions" to separations science. Over the course of 35 years, Karger, who is also director of the Boston-based institute, has advanced separations science through technical developments in gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and high-performance capillary electrophoresis. Much of Karger s work, along with collaborators, has
Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry Sponsored by Merck Research Laboratories ISABELLA L. KARLE, a senior scientist at the Naval Research Laboratory's structure of matter lab in Washington, D.C., has been praised by her colleagues for her "seminal contributions to X-ray crystalstructure determinations in general, and to peptide conformational analyses in particular," and for her "precision with great at-
Lambert
tention to detail, combined with a wise and informed overview of the implication of the results." In the 1950s and 60s, Karle established the first practical procedure for directphase determination in crystal-structure analysis. She found a way to bridge from an infinite set of theoretical formulas to the use of selected formulas with associated probabilities of correctness, which were particularly suited to experimentally measuring intensities of diffracted X-ray beams. Her new procedure allowed scientists to perform X-ray structural analyses without the use of heavy atoms and formed the basis for current computer programs used for the more than 10,000 new crystal-structure analyses per year that are published or recorded in the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Base. Karle herself has elucidated the crystal structures of numerous complex organic substances, natural products, photorearrangement products, biologically active molecules, and peptides containing many residues. In the process of developing crystal structures, Karle often uses crystals of substances that initiated new fields of research. For example, the formulas she established for the unusual chemical linkages found in the toxins produced in the skins of frogs have led to the formulas of more than 250 frog toxins and to the practice of identifying frogs by their toxins rather than by appearance. Since 1963, Karle has established accurate parameters for the basic geometry and conformation of peptides and discovered new folding motifs by X-ray diffraction analysis of single crystals. She made the first structural demonstration of a (J-bend, y-bends, cyclic peptides, 310/a-helices, (3-foldamers, helix insertions, figureeight folds, and unusual hydrogen bonds in conformations such as helix reversals and alternations of chirality. She has also JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN 63
awards shown the existence of multiple conformers and multiple polymorphs, nanotubes, and ion-channel formation in ionophores. Among her many honors and awards, Karle received the ACS Garvan Medal (1976), the Bower Award of the Franklin Institute (1993), the National Medal of Science (1995), and the National Academy of Sciences Award in the Chemical Sciences (1995). Karle received a B.S. degree in chemistry7 in 1941, an M.S. degree in physical chemistry in 1942, and a Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry in 1944, all from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Nobel Laureate Signature Award for Graduate Education in Chemistry Sponsored by Mallinckrodt
Baker
JAQUELINE L. KIPLINGER was an ex ceptional student, having earned her academic degrees summa cum laude. And she is an exceptional graduate-student researcher, already having been recognized on the national level with a dissertationyear fellowship from the American Association of University Women, the Union Carbide Student Innovation Recognition Award, and the Iota Sigma Pi Anna Louise Hoffman National Award for Outstanding Achievement in Graduate Research. Her preceptor is THOMAS G. RICHMOND. For her graduate studies, Kiplinger wanted to investigate problems in reaction chemistry that would also have implications for improving the environment. She was interested in the carbonfluorine single bond, which is extremely strong, and thus renders fluorocarbons highly inert and resistant to chemical attack. In the atmosphere, these compounds can have lifetimes greater than 2,000 years, and some of them—for example, saturated fluorocarbons and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)—have been implicated in global warming and the destruction of the ozone layer. Consequently, a need exists for new chemical methods to modify or destroy compounds that contain carbon-fluorine bonds. One problem Kiplinger chose was the reactivity of saturated perrluorocarbons with early transition-metal complexes. Previously, Richmond's group had discovered C-F bond-activation reactions with mid- to late-transition-metal complexes, and Richmond admits that he "was rather dubious about the chances for success of this endeavor." But, he says, "through persistent 6 4 JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN
experimental work," she demonstrated that low-valent zirconocene and titanocene complexes are useful for the stoichiometric synthesis of perfluoronaphthalene from perfluorodecalin and that this transformation can be made catalytic in metallocene using amalgamated magnesium or aluminum as a terminal reductant. These reactions provided the first examples of homogeneous catalytic transformations of saturated perrluorocarbons under mild conditions. In addition, these systems permit selective room-temperature hydrogenolysis of strong aromatic C-F bonds. These reactions may prove serviceable in the synthesis of highly fluorinated organic compounds with useful properties. Kiplinger1 s other research problem involved well-defined ligand frameworks that contain a tungstenQI) carbonyl fluo ride moiety. She discovered a rare migration reaction of a highly fluorinated ligand that enabled the coupling of known C-F activation chemistry with new C-C bond-forming reactions. She showed that the elaboration of strong C-F bonds into C-C bonds within the coordination sphere of a tungsten(II) metal center can be achieved by sequential C-F activation and alkyne insertion. One colleague stated: "In my 21 years as a faculty member, I have rarely seen a student carry out such a seminal body of work in a significant and important area of chemistry." Currently, Kiplinger is a University of California, Berkeley, Presidential Postdoctoral Fellow. Richmond, an associate professor of chemistry at the University of Utah, has been recognized for his research in the organometallic chemistry7 of fluorocarbons by a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award and an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship. He has also attained distinction as an outstanding teacher of chemistry7 and was named a Presidential Teaching Scholar at Utah in 199-7.
Frederic Stanley Kipping Award in Silicon Chemistry Sponsored by Dow Corning Evidently, JOSEPH B. LAMBERT loves a challenge. And if a bit of controversy or mystery is involved, so much the better. Lambert, Clare Hamilton Hall Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University, Evanston, 111., is recognized, in part, for two dramatic discoveries in organosili-
con chemistry that resolved problems first noted in the 1930s and 40s. The generation and detection of trivalent silyl cations in solution have resisted the efforts of "just about everyone who has ever worked in organosilicon chemistry," according to one of Lambert's colleagues. Building on incremental achievements made over several years, Lambert designed substituents, appropriated an anion from previous work, invented an entirely novel leaving group, and developed the spectroscopic tools to detect and characterize the resulting (mesityl)3Si+ species. The nature of the beta effect of silicon—the stabilization of cations by silyl groups beta to the cationic center—says a peer, has been "hotly debated for decades." Lamberts careful mechanistic experiments established that vertical hyperconjugation, rather than bridging, is the dominant mechanism for the beta effect, which is a key connection between organosilicon chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry7. Lambert also reported the first synthesis of dendritic polysilanes, new materials of fundamental interest that are also being scrutinized for their electronic effects. He remains the only7 investigator to have demonstrated that silyl anions are configurationally stable on the nuclear magnetic resonance timescale. And Lambert has investigated electronic effects in organogermanium and organotin chemistry7. He graduated summa cum laude with a bachelor's degree in chemistry7 from Yale University in 1962. After obtaining a Ph.D. degree in chemistry from California Institute of Technology in 1965, Lambert joined the faculty of Northwestern. He has served as director of the university's Integrated Science Program as well as chairman of the chemistry7 department. Lambert has authored or edited more than 300 papers and books. He is a member of several editorial boards and professional organizations, including the American Chemical Society7, the British Interplanetary7 Society, Sigma Xi, and the Society7 for Archaeological Sciences. In addition to this award, he received the Northwestern Alumni Association Excellence in Teaching Award (1994), the Chemical Manufacturers Association's National Catalyst Award (1993), the Society7 for American Archaeology's Fryxell Award in Scientific Archaeology7 (1989), the ACS Northeastern Section's James Flack Norris Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Teaching of Chemistry (1987), and Phi Lambda Upsilon's Presenilis Award (1976).
Lerman
Miller
Molina
public. She runs summer workshops on environmental chemistry for inner-city teachers, which are sponsored by the National Science Foundation. In addition, she conducts academic workshops for middle school teachers and parents in the ChicaSponsored by the Ccimille & Henry go community, which are sponsored by Dreyfus Foundation the Joyce Foundation of Chicago. A headline in the Christian Science MonLerman's ability7 to incorporate science itor reads. Teaching Science To the Un- and math with students' hobbies, interteachable.' " Another, in the Chicago Tri- ests, and cultural backgrounds has resultbune reads. Teachers Learn Science Can ed in student projects ranging from Be Fun." Yet another, in Today's Chem- paintings and sculptures to songs and ist at Work, reads: Training Young dances. Students have chosen many meMinds in an Innovative Way." What these dia and art forms in their expression of articles have in common is the subject— scientific concepts. ZAFRA M. LERMAN—and her innovaA group of theater students, for examtive teaching style. Lerman is Distin- ple, presented a science fiction script, guished Professor of Science & Public "Sustaining Life on the Planet Zafra," in Policy and head of the Institute for Sci- which scientists are kidnapped and takence Education & Science Communica- en to the planet, which has lost its sun. tions at Columbia College, Chicago. The scientists are forced to explain how Lerman started her career at Columbia to use heat from the core of the planet as College recruiting prospective students an energy source. in a bar. She would engage them in conAnother group of literature students versation on the composition of drinks, created a spoof of 'Romeo and Juliet" tiincluding a detailed description of ethan- tled "Sodium and Chlorine: A Love Stool and its properties, and also on the ry." While telling the romantic story of structure and properties of acetic acid in the bonding of these two elements, the oil-and-vinegar dressing. actors manage to provide descriptions Because of her efforts, the number of and explanations of chemical bonding, undergraduate students taking science at ionic solution, metals versus nonmetals, Columbia College—a small liberal arts and periodicity, among other concepts. college—has grown from 20 to 2,000 A script created by a dance group, during her tenure. Lerman\s success is "Shield or Tragedy of the Skies," describes her ability to relate science to the daily the formation and depletion of Earth's lives of her students. ozone layer. Groups of three dancers repLerman is credited by colleagues as hav- resent ozone molecules, and dancers in ing a profound impact on black, Latino, pairs represent oxygen. "Chlorofluorocarand international students at Columbia bons" dance menacingly near the ozone College and the greater Chicago communi- layer. ty. Her associates speak highly of her creOne of Lerman s students who was in a ative and inspiring teaching style. She is prison work-release program wrote: "Evinvolved in all levels of teaching, from col- erything changed when I met my chemislege students to teachers to elementary try teacher. ... I taught other prisoners and high school students to the general the chemistry Zafra had taught me. I dis-
ACS Award for Encouraging Disadvantaged Students into Careers in the Chemical Sciences
cussed my experience and how chemistry had aimed my life . around for a second time—this time for the better." Lerman's accomplishments are many, but are best summarized in part of the citation of the 1997 Public Affairs Award of the ACS Chicago Section: "In recognition of your outstanding efforts in defense of scientific freedom throughout the world .. . and for your innovative development of effective methods of teaching science to nonscientists." Israeli-born Lerman received both B.S. (I960) and M.S. (1964) degrees in chemistry from Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, and a Ph.D. degree (1969) in chemistry from Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot. She is the author of numerous science education articles and the recipient of scores of NSF grants. Lerman is a fellow of the American Institute of Chemists and the Royal Society of Chemistry, London.
Earle B. Barnes Award for Leadership in Chemical Research Management Sponsored by Dow Chemical "As a spokesperson for the chemical enterprise and as a highly effective research leader, JOSEPH A. MILLER is a role model for the type of research leadership needed today," writes a colleague. Miller is senior vice president for R&D and chief technology officer at DuPont and leader of the company's central R&D organization. The award winner has been with DuPont almost his entire career, starting as a research chemist in DuPont's polyolefins division in 1966 and most recently named chief technology officer in 1996. Miller served as a captain in the Army at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., from 1967 to 1969. Outside DuPont, he has established a reputation as an articulate advocate for the importance of technology to the chemical enterprise and for the continuing need to maintain technological leadership in this country. At DuPont, Miller has established an exceptional record of commercial successes and new product developments, serving in a variety of management positions and functional roles. He also has provided leadership in support of research-driven innovation and focused JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN 65
awards DuPont's $1 billion annual R&D effort on technological improvements as a route to competitive differentiation. More than one colleague admires Miller s ability to balance the building of a solid technology base—and meet long-term interests of a company—with near-term developments and economic returns. This balance is considered to be a major accomplishment in "these trying times when industrial research management is so much under the gun," writes an associate. Miller also is recognized for his continuing support of a centralized R&D organization. "Faced with great pressures to shrink research, especially long-range basic and exploratory research within a large corporation, he has become an effective and recognized advocate for its retention," writes a colleague. He has drawn on his many years of business experience to restructure corporate R&D and position it to be a major and credible contributor to corporate success in the emerging global research environment." In addition to technical leadership, Miller has taken an active role on the state and federal level to improve science litera-
problems. MARIO J. MOLINA is recognized for the profound role he and his colleague, F. Sherwood Rowland, played in elucidating and then controlling the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by chlorofluorocarbons. What started as a two-page paper in Nature in 1974 evolved into the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer. And for their seminal work, Molina and Rowland (along with Paul Crutzen) were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995. Molina is the only Mexican scientist to have received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and he is understandably a hero in his homeland. He has given part of his Nobel Prize money to the Mexican government as seed money to underwrite a ACS Award for Creative Molina Fellowship. This program supAdvances in Environmental ports Mexican students who wish to Science & Technology stud}' issues in environmental science at U.S. universities. Molina now has a visitSponsored by Air Products & Chemicals ing professor working in his laboratories It's rare that lab bench chemistry, no at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Because so few scientists are researchmatter how elegant, sparks an international accord that becomes a model for ing environmental problems in Latin Continued on page 70 stemming future global environmental cy and science education. He serves as chairman of the National Science Resources Center; is a member of the Center for Science, Mathematics & Engineering Education of the National Research Council; and is president of the Delaware Science, Math & Technical Education Foundation. Miller received a B.S. degree in chemistry from Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, in 1963 and a Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry from Pennsylvania State University in 1966. He is involved in many industrial, scientific, and educational organizations, including the Chemical Heritage Foundation, the Industrial Research Institute, and the Council for Competitiveness.
June 17-20, 1998 on the campus of
Columbia Basin College Pasco, Washington
jp fiichlSnd\ Section
mericah Chemical Society
CALL FOR PAPERS NORM '98
Address for Abstracts: Dr. Timothy L. Hubler Pacific NW National Lab. MS K8-93: P.O. Box 999 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland. WA 99352 PH: (509) 373-0249 FAX: (509)372-2549 (509)376-5106 E-Mail:
[email protected] DEADLINE FOR ABSTRACTS: FEBRUARY 6, 1998 http://www.pnl.gov/norm98/index.htm The Richland Section invites submission of papers for the 53rd Northwest Regional Meeting of the American Chemical Society. The general technical/poster sessions include papers in Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Education, and Undergraduate Research. Special symposia topics presented will be: Materials Science in Chemical Education, Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Separation Science and Technology, Recent Advances in NMR Spectroscopy, Analysis of Components in Complex Matrices, Materials Science, and Agricultural Chemistry. One of the special events at this meeting will be our Golden Anniversary Banquet and evening with keynote speaker, Nobel Laureate, Dr. Glenn T Seaborg. An exposition will be held concurrently with the meeting and will feature the latest developments and advances in chemical instrumentation, technical literature, and other products and services of interest to the professional scientist, engineer, and educator. Special events will include scenic cruises on the Columbia River, wine and specialty food tours, and a bus tour of the Hanford site and the Department of Energy's new Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL).
66 JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN
meetings PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
MONDAY MORNING Physical Chemistry
L. M. Ziurys, Presiding 10:30—77. Low-Temperature Vibrational and Rotational Relaxation of OH in the X 2 n and A 2 I States in an Argon-Free Jet. M. M. Ahern, M. A. Smith 10:50—78. Pure Rotational Spectrum of LiCCH: Structure and Bond Lengths. A. J. Apponi, L. M. Ziurys 11:10—79. High-Resolution Gas-Phase Spectroscopy and Geometrical Parameters of LiCH3. T. C. Pesch, M. D. Allen, L. M. Ziurys 11:30—80. Rotational Spectroscopy of Alkali Methylidine and Carbide Radicals: KC and KCH. J. Xin, L. M. Ziurys
POSTER SESSION MONDAY AFTERNOON 4:30-7:30 PM
Z. Zheng, Presiding Analytical Chemistry A1. Raman Spectroscopic Investigation of Soluble Surfactant Monolayers at the AirWater Interface. J. R. Chamberlain, J. E. Pemberton A2. Molecular Orientation Distribution in Heme Protein Films Immobilized on a Variety of Surfaces. E. A. Gabbard, P. L. Edmiston, J. E. Lee, S. S. Saavedra A3. Electrochemical Studies on Ultrasmall Electrodes Machined in Novel Layered Structures. K. D. Gorny, J. E. Pemberton, L. K. Schoenbachler A4. Characterization of Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Stationary Phases by Raman Spectroscopy. M. Ho, J. E. Pemberton A5. Light-Scattering and Absorption-Spectral Studies of Bilirubin IXa Complexes with Bile Salts in Aqueous Solution of Various pH. L. Huang, W. E. Kurtin A6. Fast and Simple Method for the Analysis of Bilirubin and Related Compounds in Bile by Reversed-Phase HPLC. S. A. Hwang, W. E. Kurtin A7. Modeling of Electrochemical Double Layer in UHV: DMSO on Silver Surfaces. P. Mrozek, J. E. Pemberton A8. Modifications of Perylene Compounds for Enhanced Sol-Gel Integration: Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Characterization. B. J. Nablo, N. R. Armstrong
A9. Spectroscopic Characterization of Chemistry at Ice Surfaces. S. C. Nickerson, J. E. Pemberton A10. C60/Phthalocyanine Langmuir-Blodgett Films: Characterization of a Mixed Component Assembly. R. A. Peterson, P. E. Smolenyak, S-Y. Chem, D. F. O'Brien, N. R. Armstrong A11. Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation of Model Pollutant-Mineral Interactions. S. C. Ringwald, J. E. Pemberton A12. Combination of Linear Dichroism and Fluorescence Anisotropy in the Study of the Orientation of Electrostatically Adsorbed Molecules on Indium Tin Oxide. R. T. Robertson, D. R. Dunphy, S. S. Saavedra, N. R. Armstrong A13. Functional Organic Gels: Chirality Induction and Enantioselective Elution in Chiral Gels from Amino Acid-Derived Lipids in Benzene. T. Sagawa, H. Ihara, M. Takafuji, H. Hachisako, K. Yamada A14. Spectroscopic Examination of Papain Entrapped in a Sol-Gel Glass. M. S. Tarle, P. J. Skrdia, S. S. Saavedra A15. Special Capabilities of Scanning Spectrometers for Raman Spectroscopy. A. Winner, J. E. Pemberton A16. Interfacial Structure of Acetonitrile/ Tetraethylammonium Bromide at Ag Electrodes. K. J. Woelfel, J. E. Pemberton A17. Nanocomposite Thin Films with Ordered Structures via Evaporation-Induced Supramolecular Self-Assembly. A. Sellinger, Y. Lu, C. J. Brinker A18. Structure of Aromatic/Water Mixtures on Coldly Deposited Silver Surfaces at 100 K. C. Zangmeister, J. E. Pemberton A19. Which Amino Acid Residue Shows Higher Gas-Phase Basicity in Protonated Peptides: Histidine or Lysine? C. Gu, G. Tsaprailis, A. Somogyi, V. H. Wysocki A20. Characterization of Antihistamine Using Ligand Exchange Chromatography. R. E. Jabbour, M. F. Burke Chemical Education CE1. Salish II Research Project: Teachers' Pedagogical Philosophy Interview. P. C. Keller, S. Hyder Inorganic Chemistry 11. Investigations of the Multiple Bonding in Metal Dimers. J. B. English, D. L. Lichtenberger 12. Photoelectron Spectra and Electronic Structure of (r|5-Cyclopentadienyl) D4 Metal Carbonyls. H. J. Fan, D. L. Lichtenberger, T. Bitterwolf, S. Gallagher 13. A Synthetic and a Structural Study of Stoichiometric Mixed Ferrites. Z. Li, M. Sun, L. K. Sveum 14. Investigations of Oxo-Molybdenum Centers with Three Sulfur Donor Atoms. M. L. Mader, J. H. Enemark 15. Nuclear Relaxation in Paramagnetic Metalloporphyrin Complexes: Key to Dynamic Behavior and Properties of Unpaired Electron. K. I. Momot, F. A. Walker 16. Aqueous Organometallic Chemistry of [Cp*Ru(NO)] Complexes. J. L. Hubbard, A. S. Larsen, M. Berntson
17. Reactions of Groups 4 and 6 Imido Alkyl Complexes: Relevance to HDN Catalysis. P. M. Briggs, D. E. Wigley 18. NMR Studies of the Paramagnetic Forms of Nitrophorin 1, the Reversible NO-Carrying Protein from the Saliva of R. prolixus. T. K. Shokhireva, N. E. Jacobsen, D. Zhao, F. A. Walker 19. One- and Two-Dimensional Paramagnetic NMR of Nonplanar Porphyrinate Complexes of High- and Low-Spin Iron(lll). H. Ogura, A. M. Raitsimring, F. A. Walker, C. J. Medforth 110. Cyclic Voltammetry of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborate Salts. R. C. ReVello, R. Farmer, A. Pinkston, S. N. Mahapatro 111. Synthesis of Pyridinium Bis-Citrato Chromium^) Complex. C. M. Cawich, A. Bumgartner, S. N. Mahapatro 112. EPR-Visible Product in the Chromic Acid Oxidation of Hydroxylamine: Chromium(l) or Chromium(V)? K. L. Link, S. N. Mahapatro 113. Revisiting the Decomposition of Trioxodinitrate(ll): A Novel Duality in Nitroxyl Redox Chemistry. R. C. ReVello, C. L. Closken, M. P. Panda, S. N. Mahapatro 114. Pathways in Permanganate Oxidations: Kinetic Deuterium Isotope Effect and Product Studies in the Oxidation of Mandelic Acid. A. M. Wollacott, N. Hartig, M. D. Patro, S. N. Mahapatro 115. Chromium(VI) Oxidation of Citric Acid and Maleic Acid: Catalysis and Cooxidation. J. M. Arellano, A. Hoare, A. Bumgartner, S. N. Mahapatro. Organic Chemistry 0 1 . Design and Synthesis of Conformationally and Topographically Constrained Potent/Selective Inhibitors of p60c"src PTK. J. Alfaro-Lopez, W. Yuan, B. Phan, J. Kamath, Q. Lou, K. S. Lam, V. J. Hruby 02. Novel Synthetic Strategies toward TransFused Ether Heterocycles. S. P. Allwein, J. D. Rainier 03. Synthesis of Majusculamide C and the (3-Alanine Analog of Dolastatin 11; Conformational Studies in This Series. R. B. Bates, M. R. Gramme, K. J. McClure, P. Nakkiew, C. C. Stessman, G. V. Yarick 04. Studies in the Synthesis of 3-Nitroquinolines. R. Collins, N. Gonzales, B. Cardelino, R. Amai, R. D. Clark 05. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Diacetylenic Compounds Related to Falcarindiol. X. Gu, E. B. Wells, W. M. Setzer 06. Synthesis of 2,6-Di(Dicyanomethylidenyl) Quinoline and 2,6-Di-(Dicyanomethylidenyl)Naphthalene for Nonlinear Optical Applications. H. Guo, A. Romero, B. Cardelino, C. Moore, B. Penn, R. L. S. Amai, R. D. Clark 07. Neighboring Tin and Silicon Effects in Electron Transfer from Thioethers. E. Lorance, R. S. Glass 08. Synthesis of Novel Enkephalin Glycopeptides: Exploring the Role of Glycosylat e in the Modulation of Analgesia. S. A. Mitchell, R. L. Polt
70 JANUARY 26, 1998 C&EN
Physical Chemistry P1. Low-Temperature Behavior of OH and H Reactions. V. J. Jaramillo, D. B. Atkinson, M. A. Smith P2. Chemical Applications of Pulsed Uniform Supersonic Expansions. D. A. Steinhurst, V. I. Jaramillo, D. B. Atkinson, M. A. Smith
ilifl
awards Continued from page 66 America, Molina has also given MIT a portion of his prize money to help set up a fellowship program for qualified Latin American scientists. Receiving the Nobel Prize hasn't halted Molina's imaginative and productive research. He continues to probe the heterogeneous chemistry of polar stratospheric cloud particles, a system in which ice behaves catalytically and more like liquid than solid water. (His 1987 paper in the Journal of Physical Chemistry describes his innovative yet simple lab
09. Rhenium-Catalyzed Sulfurization of Phosphorous(lll) Compounds with Thiiranes. M. C. Perry, J. B. Arterbum 010. Synthesis of Amide-Linked Nucleotide Dimer (Trimer) Analogs via 3'-C-Carboxymethylation of 1,2:5,6-Di-0-isopropylidene-oc-D-glucofuranose-3-ulose and 5-0-te/?-Butyldimethylsilyl-1,2-0-isopropylidene-a-D-xylofuranose-3-ulose. B. Doboszewski, M. A. Peterson, M. J. Robins 011. 2-Glucopyridines: Synthesis and Characterization of a New Class of Chiral Ligands Derived from Glucose. S. Morgan, M. A. Peterson 012. Lithium-Bromine Exchange in Chlorinated Solvent: Efficient Preparation of 2-Bromo-6-lithiopyridine in CH2CI2. J. R. Mitchell, M. A. Peterson 013. Solution-Phase Synthesis of AmideLinked Uridine Oligomers: Nuclease Resistant Oligoribonucleotides with Unusual Properties. B. L. Nilsson, M. A. Peterson 014. Biological Activity of Cryptocarya corrugata Bark Extract from Paluma, North Queensland, Australia. D. D. Prime, W. N. Setzer, R. B. Bates 015. Total Synthesis of (-)-Swainsonine. H. Razavi, R. L. Polt 016. Synthesis of Tricyanovinylbenzene and 7-Phenyl-7,8,8-Tricyano-Quinodimethane Derivatives. M. Romero, M. L. Sena, B. Penn, R. Amai, R. Clark 017. Preparation of DIVA Derivatives with a Butadiene Component. L. Romero, M. Romero, R. L. S. Amai, R. D. Clark 018. Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectral Analysis of the Leaf Essential Oil of Myrcianthes Sp. Nov. from Monteverde, Costa Rica. M. C. Setzer, W. N. Setzer, R. B. Bates 019. Kinetic Studies of pH-Dependent Lactonization of Sialic Acid Oligomers: Open and Closed Forms Exist in Dynamic Equilibrium. B. L. Smith, K. D. McReynolds, K. Bennan, J. Gervay 020. Conformational Analysis of (T|5C5H5)Fe(CO)2 Cyclohexane. Y. N. Tran, R. S. Glass 021. Synthesis of Polyphenylcyclohexanes for Electroluminescent Applications. J. Xiong, R. L. S. Amai, R. D. Clark 022. Acyloin Route to Stemonine. J. Zhao, T. H. Cheavens 023. Polymer-Assisted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Phthalocyanines. X. Zheng, R. L. S. Amai, R. D. Clark 024. Topoisomerase II Activity of Quinonemethide Triterpenoids. T. R. Furbacher, J. J. Hoffmann, A. A. L. Gunatilaka 025. Disulfides as Chemdefense Agents— Cyanide. A. L. Ternay Jr., C. Cook, E. Brzezinska, V. Sorokin
demonstration of ice-crystal chemistry in stratospheric clouds.) The techniques developed to understand at the molecular level the chemical mechanisms in clouds are also useful in studying the more complex chemistry of ozone in the troposphere. So, Molina has now turned some of his experimental energies to the study of smog chemistry. In 1983, Molina received the prestigious Tyler Ecology & Energy Award. Four years later, he received ACS's Esselen Award. And in 1987-88, he was awarded the American Association for
the Advancement of Science's Newcomb-Cleveland Prize. And for two years, from 1994 to 1996, Molina was honored with the Max Planck Research Award. Molina received a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, in 1965, and an M.S. degree from the University of Freiburg in Germany two years later. In 1972, he received a Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, ACS, and other professional organizations.^
