Systems." Following this are derivations of the temperature and pressure dependences of fugacity and a description of a method of obtaining fugacity values from compressibility data fnr gases. In order to avoid problems when dealing with non-ideal vapors, the ideal solution is defined in Chapter 9, "Properties of Ideal Solutions," as a solution in which each constituent's partial mold volume is the same as its molar volume a t the same temperature and pressure. The other properties of the ideal solution are then derived. Raoult's law and, ultimately, Henry's law appear as consequences of the above definition of the ideal solution and of ideal behavior by the vapor. Boiling point elevation and osmotic pressure equations are then derived. Freezing point depression is ignored. In dealing with nonideal behavior in both vapor and condensed phase solutions, the author uses the expressions "solutions involving coexisting phases" and "two phase solutions" whieh are very confusing since a solution is a single phase. Actlvity and the activity coefficient are covered in a page and a half. No indication is given as t o how activity may he measured. Chapter 10, "Thermodynamics of Reacting Svstems." heeins with a descriotion of the
through membranes permeable to single species. This is illustrated by an uncaptioned figure to which no reference is made. Extent ~ 1 1 'reaction is used without defining or explaining the symbolism. Tables of AH?, AG? rw iC.-" HH".,..l/T datn are absent and ,-, sources thereof are not mentioned. The discussion of equilibrium is good. Topics covered in Chapter 11, "Thermodynamics of Special Systems,"-"Thermal Radiation" in which the Stefan-Boltzmann equation is derived, but Planek's radiation equation is not. "Fuel Cells" in which electric wrrk and Lhermadynamicpropertiesofcells are discussed, "Surface Effects" in which the IWvin-Helmholtz equation is derived and "Thermodynamics of General Systems"-are lreated in one page plus a table which is an excellent summary of the work possible in simple systems. The treatment of fuels is, a t nine pages, the longest and is quite pracL i d In Chapter 12, "Introduction to Thermodynamics of lrreversihle Processes," the transport equations are stated, followed by I he discussion of weakly coupled flows with application to heat and current in thermorlectric circuits, including the Seebeck, Peltier, and Kelvin e f f e c k "Direct Energy Conversion," the last topic in the chapter, includes an argument for using thermoelectric generation on the hasis of efficiency. Althcmgh the treatment is indeed postulatory, and aside Rom the too frequent use of undefined terms, rigomus, there are genuine reasons tn hesitate to use this book in a graduate or undergraduate class. An exlrrrnely terse treatment such as this one needs the help of illustrations. Yet they are larking in key plaeesas discussed above; only lwci of the figures have captions, figure la~~
~
~
A286 / Journal of Chemical Education
fact, there is but one literature citation in the text. The total absence of references to historically significant papers, data tables, and present day applications is dismaying and would d a c e a ereat burden u ~ o nthe in-
are found only in the examples and problems, the clear majority af which are derivations. momas C. Ehlen Marquene Univmity Milwaukee. W153233
' "Principles of General Thermodynamics," by G. N. HatsopOUlo~and J. H. Keenan. J. Wiley and Sons, Inc.. 1966. Educators Gulde to Free Science Materials. Nineteenth Edition
Edited by Mary H. Saterstrorn, Edueators Proeress Service. Inc.. Randoloh. WI., 1977. Figs. & tables. 21 x 21 Em: rrxix 419pp. $11.95.
+
This annual publication lists currently available free films, filmstrips, slides, transparencies, audiotapes, videotapes, scripts, transcriptions, and printed science materials. More than half of the 1658 items are films and a third are printed materials. All items are fully annotated and eross-indexed according to title, subject, source, and availability. There are, in addition, source and availability indices for Australia and Canada. Although the largest source is the federal government, there are hundreds of other sources. such as universities. industrv. .. and state governments. In addition to the annotated lists of materials, there are instructions and suggestions regarding ordering, a philosophical essay entitled "Children Learning Science" by Professor dahn W. Renner, and eight teacher-prepared units of study which show how the materialscan besuccessfully used a t the elementary, junior, and senior high school levels. As might he expected, most of the materials appear to he designed for use a t the elementary and secondary school levels, with perhaps a fourth of the items suitable for college students. It seems to me that elementsryand secondary school libraries definitely should subscribe to this Guide. At the universitv level. lecture demonstrators in
Stanley T. Marcus c o m a University Ithaca. NY 14853
A Laboratory Manual for Schools and Colleges J o h n Creedy, Heinemann Educational Books, lnc., London, 1978. Figs. and tables. 25 X 19 cm. iii 248 pp. $25.00.
+
To distinguish this hook from a laboratory manual used by students, the hook might better be called a "laboratory handhook."
structional equipment, animal care, greenhouse management, laboratory solutions, electronics, hand tools, and power tools. Vendors of specific laboratory equipment are also mentioned. Unfortunately, because the author is British, most are in England. The sixty-page chapter on laboratory solutions is the longest in the 248~pagebook. Recipes are included for buffer solutions, indicators, analytical solutions, and often used chemistry, biochemistry, and biology solutiuns. Of the four solutions, this general chemistry instructor recently prepared, only one had a reported recipe. Subjects are discussed a t a hasic level; depth and detail are absent. Specialized chemistry handbooks are not replaced by this reference. Untrained laboratory assistants, skilled technicians, and profe&ional scientists are the author's expected users of this manual. The book would verv heloful for scientists educated in one discipline and working in other disciplines. Scientists educated and working in the same discipline would better use the specialized handbooks from their particular disciplines.
. .
Bill Nickels Schoolcraft Coliqe Livonia, MI 48152
Using the Metrlc System
Wilma E. Rollins, J. Weston Waleh, Pub., 1978. Figs. & tables. 28X 22.5 cm. 1 69 pp. $3.25.
+
This book appears to he written for students who are early teenagers, in high school or younger. There is no scientific emphasis, use of powers of ten, nor use of dimensional nnalv*~;. The txilnlplr< n r p usuall) 01 thr ntmscwnrlfic wriety mrl largely restricwd T I , thv use ,i r,rri~xwfrom mllli- rhroueh - kilw including deka- and heetu-. In the first two chapters, the author presents an interesting history of the earliest measurements followed by the English system nf measurement. The number of problems or exercises included is far more than necessary to justify going to the metric system. There are almost no examples illustrating how these problems are salved. The last four chapters are devoted t o the metric system using approximately the same format as the first two chapters. Unfortunately, the number of errors in these chapters (including the answers to the problems) increased significantly. Little reference is made to the current metric standards. The gram is incorrectly defined as ".. .the mass occupied Ihy 1 cubic centimeter of water." The day is defined as ". . . the length of time for one revolution of the earth around the sun." Cwwersions within the metric system are dnne exclusively by moving the decimal point, completely neglecting the use of powers af ten. When converting between the metric system and the English system, the use of significant figures was for the most part
