RECENT BOOKS A L a s o ~ a r o wMANUALoa GENERALCHEMISTRY.William Foster, Russell Wellman Moore Professor of Chemistry in Princeton University, and Hubert Alyea, Assistant Professor of Chemistry in Princeton University. Fourth edition. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1935. xvi 177 pp. 34 6gs. 13.5 X 21.25 cm. $2.00.
the fundamentals and many of the applications of the Lewis theory of valence. He evidently has an unusually clear grasp of the subject himself and his presentation is such as t o he understandable to an interested student who has completed most or all of a good general chemistry course. There is little to criticize adversely in this hook. A few minor points may, however, be mentioned: This is another excellent laboratory manual. I t is designed A sodium atom does not "have a tendency toward losing an to accompany the senior author's "An Introduction to General electron" (p. 12) unless a baby "has a tendency toward losing" Chemistry," hut its content and general arrangement make it a piece of candy he holds because his big brother, arriving on the readily adaptable to use with any standard college text. As scene, takes it away from him. stated in the preface, "The best of the exercises of the earlier I n a crystal of NaF each ion has 6, not 8, near neighbors of the editions of the Manual have been unified into thirty assignments other kind (p. 23). and a t the same time much new material has been added." The The 0. molecule in its normal state does not contain an orthirty assignments furnish a good program far the academic y y , dinary double bond (p. 32). (Teaching a subject such as this and the additional or "Supplementary Exercises," cavermg would be much simpler if there were no exceptions t o the usual sixty-five pages, offer material for optional assignments, extra rules, but, alas, it is not so!) work for more able students, some elementary qualitative anI n the normal state of an isolated carbon atom only two of the alysis, and inorganic preparations. four valence electrons are paired (p. 37). The thirty assignments are well selected for first-year students. The sharp differentiation between ionic and atomic lattices The range of topics is broad and the treatment comprehensive. (p. 92) does not exist. [Cf. HUGOINS.Phys. Rm.,37, 286 (1926) Each assignment is divided by sub-titles and numbered para- and PAULING AND HUGGINS, 2. Krist., A87, 205 (1934).] The graphs t o assist the student in a logical organization of the sub- crystal-structure evidence favors the view that all gradations ject. Assignment XI, for example, on "Chlorine Chemistry," between ''electrovalency" and "covalency" are possible. is presented under the subtitles "Preparation of Chlorine," The statement is made (p. 130) that Sidgwick in 1923 was the "Properties of Chlorine," "Preparation of Hydrogen Chloride." first "to show how covalency can account for the co-ordination "Properties of Hydrogen Chloride and Hydrochloric Acid," complexes." Two previous articles by the reviewer [Science, 55, "Determination of Chlorides Present in Water," "Theory," 459 (1922) and 3.Phys. Chem., 26, 601 (1922)l have apparently "Procedure." "Outside Work," and "Exhibits." Quantitative escaped the author's notice. exercises are common, as in this assignment where the student is The representation (p. 134) of ZnSOg7HsO as [Zn(HgO)s]++ introduced to the use of a standard solution and the detection of [S04(H20)]-- is not in agreement with what we should expect the endpoint by the reaction of K2Cr04as indicator. Each as- from other crystal structures. I n a compound such as this the signment includes under "Outside Work" a list of problems and water molecules are probably held by both positive and negative questions for the student and under "Exhihits" a number of ions, hridging between them (c. g., the oxygen of an H 2 0 can be instructive exhibits relating t o the general subject t o be arranged held by a Zni+ ion and one or both of the hydrogens by one or in the lahoratary by the instructor. Several of the later assign- two SO4-- oxygen atoms). Also, a water molecule in a crystal ments involve studies of important periodic groups of the ele- is more likely t o bridge between oxygen,atoms of different SO4-ments. groups . - than between two oxygen atoms in the same SO4-Of the thirty-three supplementary exercises the first eighteen group. include some more advanced general exercises, same work with The explanation (p. 137) of the existence of a solid compound organic materials, photochemistry, solubility product, and some of the formula (GH&O. CCL seems very improbable. The rewell-arranged elementary exercises in the groupings and methods viewer ventures t o oredict that the chlorine atoms in this struc.of qualitative analysis. The last fifteen exercises are chemical ture will be found io be much closer to hydrogen atoms of the preparations. CIH, groups than t o oxygens. The book is well made up, the print* is good, and errors are The explanation (p. 148) of the coplamr arrangement of the While a goodly number $f excellent laborafew and insignificant. 4 covalent hands around a bivalent Ni, Pd, or Pt atom is a hit tory manuals are available, this one is sufficiently distinctive t o far-fetched and quite inferior t o Pauling's treatment of the suhiustifv.its amearance. and will doubtless find a field of usefulness iect IJ. Am. Chem. Soc., 53. 1367 (1931)l. .. . in many laboratories. W. A. H A ~ O N D . MAURICE L. HUOGINS
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THEJOHNS HOPR~NS UNIYBBSIN BALZIMOBB. MD.
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE MODERN THEORY OR VALENCY. 3. C. Speaknzan, Ph.D.s Lecturer in at the University of Sheffield. Longmans, Green & Co., New York City; Edward Arnold & Co., London. 1935. vii f 157 PP. 1 fig. 12 X 18 cm. $1.60. I n the author's opinion, and also in that of the reviewer, a large proportion of the subject matter of this little book should be included in the general chemistry course, a t least far students expecting t o study chemistry further. "Unfortunately," however, "the theory has still not properly impregnated the texthooks." Hence "the author has ventured t o write this book, which is to he regarded as a supplemat t o existing textbooks. The primary aim has been to give to students during the early part of their chemical education the background necessary for their later and mare specialized studies." The author has succeeded admirably in presenting very lucidly
T ~ P ER I N C I ~ ~OR E SEWERD6ENTAI-A~ THBoRGTIW E L ~ c m o CE~MISTRY. Malcolm Dole. Ph.D., Assistant Prof-r of chemistry, univenity, Mc~raw.Hill Bwk lnc.,New York City, 1935. xiii 549 PP. 14 X 20.5 cm. 85.00. This new book contains many topics not usually included in texts on electcochnnistry. Dielectric constants, molecular rays, electrokinetic and electrocapillary phenomena, phase boundary and semipermeable membrane potentials are same of the subjects treated. There are seven chapters dealing with conductance and its theoretical interpretation. The thermodynamics of concentration cells and potentiometric methods (especially the glass electrode) are discussed extensively. The value of the book is enhanced by chapters on the Arrhenius dissociation theory and on ionic equilibria. There is also a brief discussion of the "Fundamentals of Thermodynamics." I n this extensive list of subjects,
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