A Scientific Crossword Puzzle Barbara A. Sawrey University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 Across 1. A process or system that does not exchange heat with its surroundings. 9. Test required for admission to most graduate programs. 12. One gram of this element was isolated by the Curies from 8 tons of pitchblende in 1902. 13. Suffix for saturated hydrocarbons. 14. Light with wavelength between 1nm and 400 nm. 17. A halogen with no stable isotopes. 20. The metal with the greatest density, named for the Greek word meaning rainbow-iris. 21. Where oxidation occurs. 23. The ninth planet. 24. A detailed series of steps indicating how a reaction may take place. 27. The longest lived isotope of this alkali metal has a half-life of only 22 min. 28. Biological catalysts. 30. Ionic compounds. 32. Concentration expressed in mole/ liter. 35. Condensed phase characterized by ordered crystalline array. 38. Large chainlike molecules formed from many similar small units. 43. Kind of energy available to do non-PV work. 45. Iron oxides, collectively. 46. One of t h e largest chemical companies in the United States. 47. General term for ability to do work or cause heat flow. 49. Element named after the eighth planet.
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Number 12
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50. This halogen is a liquid a t room
temperature. 51. Sold without sulfur. 52. Common English and American unit for energy. 53. The sodium salt of this halogen is used in black-and-white film. 54. The product of partial oxidation of bread. 55. Oueof the many fivorsofquarks. 57. The most abundant metal. 58. SI unit of weight, X 60. T h i s 5d transition metal is named for the Rhine river. 61. This Danish scientist won the 1922 Nohel prize in physics for his model of the hydrogen atom. 62. This common form of precipitation usually has a pH = 6.0-6.5. 63. The vapor phase. 64. Rare earth element #62. 66. Element with the electron canfiguration [Xe] 4P46s25d6. 68. Element named for Europe. 69. This fairly abundant transition metal is notable for its absence in our five cent coin. 70. Common suffix for most metal names. 71. This British physicist worked with Boltzmann to develop the kinetic theory of gases. 74. Italian city where Galileo was born in 1642. Legend says he dropped a cannon ball from this city's famous leaning tower. 75. Abbreviation for lo-' second. 76. The cause of the 1849 rush to the Sierra Nevada. 77. A moon of Jupiter. 78. A polymer of tetrafluoroethylene accidently discovered in 1938. 80. The astronauts' source of vitamin C in space. 81. A desiccant is supposed t o do this. 83. This is the most plentiful of the inert gases, constituting 1% of the air we breathe. 84. This scarce inert gas has been found to form fluoride and oxide compounds. 85. This scientist spent his honeymoon measuring the temperature of water a t the too and hottorn uf Eurcrpean wnterfnlls. Now we r r m ~ m b ehim r w t h the SI unit of energy. 88. Mendeleev predicted the existence of Ga before i t wasdiseovered. He called i t -aluminum. 89. Radioactive elements undergo this. 90. Ruiiian wentirt whose empirical finding* were that the AH g,f a reaction is independent of the path taken. 93. This scientist's principle states that no two electrons can have
the same four quantum numhers. He also postulated the existence of neutrinos. 94. British lord famous for his 19th century work in tbermodynamics. 95. A colloidal dispersion. 96. A group IIIA metal t h a t is named for its indigo spectral line. 99. To use an oar. 100. 6.6261 X 10-3'J.s (two words). 103. Transition metal used t o make pen nibs and surgical instruments. Named after a mythical Greek figure, father of Niohe, banished t o Hades. 106. Common transition metal used to make stainless steel and to plate auto bumpers. 107. Element named for Albert Einstein. 108. The average distance a gas molecule travels between collisions . (2 is its mean words) Down 2. Type of reaction in which a single substance is both oxidized and reduced. 3. A galvanic system designed t o do electrical work. 4. C1- or Sod2-, for example. 5. Number on which metric conversions are based. 6. Common transition metal whwe salts are usually green or blue. Named after the island of Cyprus. 7. Le Chatelier's orineiole states that, ifyoudo thisto~syscemat equilibrium, the i w e m uill react t o relieve it. 8. Electron volts. 9. Substance, like certain silicates, that appears to be solid but is really a very slow-moving liquid. 10. Element #75. 11. The 7th Greek letter. 12. First woman astronaut, Sally. 15. Calcium oxide. 16. Any charged species. 18. This group IIIA metal has +1 and + 3 oxidation states. Its salts areused in rat and ant poisons. 19. Aurium by another name. 22. Composed mainly of methane. 25. Time necessary for 50% of a radioactive substance to decay. 26. She shared the Nohel Prize in physics in 1903 hut won the 1911 prize in chemistry alone. 27. Element named for Enrico Fermi. 29. This congener of chromium is found in enzymes that fix nitrogen. 31. This species is formed in one step of a chemical reaction and used up in subsequent steps. 33. A high concentration of HsOt gives this kind of pH. ~
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(See page 1069 for solution) 1112
Journal of Chemical Education
34. Light-weight metal isolated from bauxite. 36. Light with wavelength hetween 1cm and lo-& cm. 37. Wtlvol. 39. Do this t o convert a solid t o a liquid. 40. To conclude. 41. See 60 across. 42. This coinage metal has the highest known electrical and thermal conductivity. 44. MgSOr7H2O. 46. Common unit for sound measurement. 48. 4d transition metal named for Ytterby, a small town in Sweden. 51. Diffusion of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane due t o unequal solute concentrations on either side of the membrane. 53. Unit of oressure that ecluals lo5 N/m2 oi0.987 atm. . 56. A species with unpaired electrons. 59. A wave function that is thesolution t o the SchrBdinger equation. 61. Interaction that holds atoms together in molecules. 65. Groups IA-VIIIA are called the g r o u p elements. 67. Any salt containing 02-. 72. Types of this are PV, electrical, or magnetic. 73. The ancient Romans used this metal so frequently (in pottery, aqueduct pipes, etc.) that poisoning from it is thought t o have contributed to the fall of the empire. 74. A covalent band where the electrons are unequally shared. 79. Collective term for compounds such as CC12F2and CHCIFI that are used in refrigerators and air conditioners. 82. A two-masted sailine vessel. 66. The rnam a u n e o1'thip metal ra ,wlcna ,,re, nnd rts rnmn use is in storage batteries. 87. See 51 down. 91. NaClO in water. 92. British physicist who founded the field of quantum electrodynamics. 95. Element uoon which the semiconductor industry is based. 97. Element named for Alfred Nohel. 98. This precious metal is also known as white gold. 101. The salt of this metal is a eommon toothpaste additive that provides fluoride protection. 102. 78% N,. 20% 0,. 1%Ar. l i t . Elrmrnt namr;i for Mwir Curie'- naliw country. 105. Chrmirnllg purr ,abbrev.).
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