OILS DISTILI,&D FROM THE PLANT ACORUS CALAlKUS L.
2387
TABLEL-MIXTURES OF
K N O W N COMPOSITION. Vacuum distillation.
Ester content.
Wt. Pressamnle. . : r u s
%.
No.
34 38 66 67
2.50
100
2.00
100
1.00
100
1.00
200
Temp. of
,;"E&
3 3 3
31.0" 36.0'
4 3'/2
..
4 '/2
..
..
Ester found.
Time. HIS.
%. 1.97 1.58 0.77 0.79
6
Ester found. Ester found X 1.28.
%$r 78.8 79.0 77.0 79.0
2.52 2.02
0.99 1.01
TABLEIL-NATURALLEMONOILS. No.
Aldehyde content. %citral.
5.4 5.4 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.8
54001 54001 53933 53933 53955 53955
Vac. distn.
Wt. sample. G.
Hours.
33/r 4 41/3
IO0 IO0 I00 100
2314
4'/? 31/2
IO0 IO0
Ester found.
%. I .32 I .36 I .os I .08 0.99 0.97
Ratio esters to aldehydes.
Corrected ester content. %. I .69
0.31 0.32
1.74 1.34 I .38 I .27
0.27
0.28 0.26 0.26
I .2'$
TABLEIII.-"TERPENELESS"LEMONEXTRACTS. Wt. sample. G.
No.
75 79 80
VoL distillate.
Ester found.
700
0 .I 1
0.14
600 600
0.07 0.08
0.09
cc.
400 400 400
%.
Corrected ester content. %.
0. IO
Summary. The following method, in brief, is suggested for the determination of the volatile saponifiable matter, calculated as linalyl acetate, contained in citrus oils. The terpene fraction is distilled in vacuo from a large, say, roo g. sample, and the remaining volatile oil removed by steam distillation. The aldehydes in the steam distillate axe condensed with semicarbazide hydrochloride and the esters determined in the presence of the semicarbazone by saponification with KOH. The process is applicable to the corresponding extracts by distilling off all the readily volatile matter and treating this exactly as the steam distillate obtained in the examination of the oils. The manipulation described in the text should be adhered to. FOOD ~ N V E S l l G A T I O N &ABORATORY, BUREAU OF CHBYISTRY, U. DEPARTMENT OF AGFSCUL~~~RB.
s.
WASHINGTON, D.
c.
A STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF OILS DISTILLED FROM THE VARIOUS PARTS OF THE PLANT ACORUS CALAMUS, L, BY G. A. RUSSELL.~ Received August 3, 1915.
Acorus calamus, I,., (Family Araceae) is found in the moderate zones of all the countries in the northern hemisphere, being indigenous to the 1
Published by permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.
2.388
G. A . RUSSELL.
eastern half of Xorth America, and found as far north as Nova Scotia. I t grows usually in low, wet and boggy places. I n the drug market it I S known under the name ol" '.calamus," the marketable portion of the plant being the unpeeled rhizome. 'The cultivation ot calamui is reported t o have been conducted in Poland i n tiic tliirtemtli century, .mrl 111 (;i iinanl in the sixteenth century.? Cluiius 15 reported a < haxing cultivated calamus in 1571 from a root rec e i v ~ dirom Asia Minor. He distributed the plant to other uotanists in Belgium, Germany and Vrance, irorn which latter place it was introduced into Englarici in rgcih. and there gronn bv Gerard. During the later CY r i uric5 ~ ii < tilt ivatiun ha< not 1 11 CJ r:ed rm to ans- gre'it extent, the ~ i p p 1 jrwiiJrig from :iatural W I ~ I c set' Experimental Part). From tlic resulting mixture, b e d e s some unchanged xvlene and a little toluene,
+
CTI
CII3
CTTr
+
CHP
+
