23 A l k y l a t i o n of B e n z e n e w i t h P r o p y l e n e o v e r a Crystalline A l u m i n a Silicate
Downloaded by UNIV OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO on November 7, 2015 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1977 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1977-0055.ch023
E. F. HARPER P. O. Box 836, Bristow, OK 74010 D. Y. KO Ε. I. du Pont de Nemours, Wilmington, DE 19899 H. Κ. LESE, Ε. T. SABOURIN, and R. C. WILLIAMSON Gulf Research & Development Co., P. O. Drawer 2038, Pittsburgh, PA 15230 There are many examples of the alkylation of aromatics with olefins to produce alkylbenzene in textbooks, the open literature, and in numerous patents. This reaction is catalyzed by both pro ton and Lewis acids in a homogeneous phase and in heterogeneous phases. The latter systems are characterized by both proton (H PO ) and Lewis acids (BF ) on supports and the amorphous and crystalline alumina silicates. And, the reaction has been studied extensively. However, up until the start of this investi gation (1969) there had not been a systematic investigation of the kinetic parameters nor an adequate catalyst aging study on the alkylation of benzene with propylene over a crystalline alumina silicate. The reaction is known to proceed through activation of the olefin by the catalyst (a rare earth exchanged Y Zeolite in this work) and this activated olefin then reacts with benzene and alkylbenzene. However, since the concentration of activated olefin is not known, the total concentration of olefin is used in obtaining kinetic parameters according to the following reactions. 3
4
3
k
l
Benzene + P r o p y l e n e
> Cumene k
(1)
2
Cumene + P r o p y l e n e
> Di-isopropylbenzene
Di-isopropylbenzenes + Benzene
k
3
k
4
>2 Cumene
