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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
necessary t o convert the Bunsen into a blast lamp is t o turn on the full force of the gas. An ordinary
\
Mar., 1912
for filtering by suction, by which portions of the filtrate or washings may be kept separate. The apparatus is especially serviceable when a large number of filtrations are t o be made, as in the determination of potash in which it is desirable t o keep the excess of platinum chloride solution and alcohol for recovery separate from the ammonium chloride washings. I t consists of a three-way stopcock, a carbon filter, and suction flasks connected as shown. The arm A, a t a distance of 6 cm. from the cock, is bent t o form the “ U , ” F so that it would extend upward and rest in the joint of the cock. The free end of this arm, A, is cut off about 2 cm. above the U,” giving sufficient length to make the connection t o the filter H with the rubber connection G. The filter H may be made secure by binding to the cock with a small copper wire. The arms B and C are bent parallel t o the arm A 3 or 4 cm. from their ends, these en’ds then being passed through rubber stoppers which fit the suction flasks D and E. The suction flasks are connected to the same pump by means of a “Y.” By adjusting the three-holed stopper of the stopcock the filtrate or washings may be directed into either or both flasks as desired. I‘
Xzchst6t ut c
FOR T h e BZast
Lamp
flame can be maintained with the chimney in position, by simply reducing the flow of gas. The best results will be obtained if the nail and staple are kept well within the inner cone of the flame.
CHEMICAL LABORATORY, ALABAMAPOLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE. AUBURN,ALA.
LABORATORY ATLANTIC& GULF PORTLAND CEMENTCo., RAGLAND, ALABAMA.
AN IMPROVEMENT ON THE KJELDAHL DISTILLING APPARATUS.
A CONVENIENT FILTERING APPARATUS. By C. S. WILLIAMS. JR. Received Oct. 28, 1911.
The accompanying diagram shows a n apparatus
By W. L. HADLOCK. Received Nov. 6 . 1911.
The improvement is essentially a movable support for the flasks. As shown in the cut, the flask rests upon a sheet of galvanized iron, in one end of which is a hole t o re-
ceive the flask. This sheet is attached, by means of two stove bolts, t o a framework of heavy galvanized iron wire (No. 4, B. & S. gauge). The framework makes one turn around a three-quarter inch pipe and
Mar., 1912
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
then turns upward t o form a lever arm. Fastened t o the condenser tube about midway is a small wire hook which engages the lever arm when the support is up. The safety bulb and thistle tube are held rigid b y means of an iron band which is fastened around the condenser tube. The advantages of the apparatus described are as follows : ( I ) The block-tin tube cannot be bent in removing the flasks, for the flasks are removed b y lowering the supports. ( 2 ) The flasks cannot be bumped off ‘the supports, for the tension of the wire framework holds the flasks tight against the stoppers.
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(3) The flasks are easily removed. (4) There is little danger of losing a determination through leakage a t the stopper, for any tendency on the part of the stopper t o come loose is overcome b y the constant pressure of the flask against the stopper. ( 5 ) All operations are carried on in front of the apparatus. (6) The apparatus can be fastened to the wall and is thus out of the way, ( 7 ) The different parts are held rigidly in place, and this adds t o the appearance of the apparatus. CHEMICAL LABORATORIES. WASHINGTON STATEEXPERIMENT STATION, PULLMAN, WASH.
COMMITTEE REPORTS COMMITTEE ON FERTILIZER LEGISLATION. FERTILIZER DIVISION.
To the Executive Committee and Members of the Dicision of Fertilizer Chemists: Your committee has not been very active during the past year and can make only a brief report. Ever since fertilizers were first manufactured, fertilizer legislation has received a great deal of attention from our state representatives and, contrary to what might reasonably be expected, is now receiving more attention than ever before. There is hardly a session of our state legislatures where fertilizers are largely used a t which there are not one or more fertilizer bills introduced. Some of these measures are impartial and protect both the manufacturer and consumer, but usually they embody principles which are impracticable and if enacted would impose unnecessary burdens upon the manufacturer. There is no doubt t h a t in many cases the authors of these bills have good intentions, but being entirely ignorant of the fertilizer business, the proposed regulations are unreasonable and impossible of fulfilment. I t is also not improbable t h a t in some instances the authors wish t o have i t appear t h a t they are doing a service t o their constituency. As an example of the class of legislation t o which I specially refer I will quote briefly from a bill which was introduced into the Georgia legislature at the last session : “SECTIOKI . Be i t enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, and it is hereby enacted b y the a h h o r i t y of the same. that all commercial fertilizers containing or which are designed to develop, as plant food, phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen which are sold or offered for sale in this State, shall, in addition to the present provisions and requirements of the laws of Georgia, have plainly marked or branded upon each sack or package thereof the sources and ingredients from which the available phosphoric acid, potash and nitrogen, respectively, is generated and obtained, and no contract either Presented at the forty-fifth meeting A . C. S., Washington, December, 1911.
written or b y parole for the purchase and sale of such fertilizers shall be enforceable in any of the courts of the State against the purchaser of such fertilizers in favor of the vendor or his endorsees, transferees, or assigns, unless such fertilizers are marked or branded as herein required. L L S2. Be ~ it ~further ~ enacted ~ ~ b y ~the authority aforesaid, that if any commercial fertilizer or fertilizer material sold in this State, shall prove deficient in any of its ingredients as guaranteed or branded on the sack or package containing the same, and if, by reason of such deficiency, the commercial value of such fertilizers shall fall more than one per cent. below the guaranteed total commercial value of such fertilizers or fertilizer materials, then any note or obligation given in payment therefor shall be collectable b y law only for one-half of the amount of such note or obligation ; provided, further, that any person, firm or corporation who sold any fertilizer or fertilizer materials that shall prove deficient in any of its ingredients as guaranteed and branded on the sacks or packages containing the same so that b y reason of such deficiency the commercial value of such fertilizers shall fall more than three per cent. below the guaranteed commercial value of such fertilizer or fertilizer material, shall b e guilty of a misdemeanor. “SECTION 3. Be it further enacted b y the authority aforesaid, t h a t any manufacturer, manipulator, dealer or vendor of commercial fertilizers in this State, who published by branding or who permits to be published b y branding, upon the sacks or packages of fertilizers a false or incorrect analysis of the components and ingredients thereof, shall be liable in law to any and every purchaser of such falsely and incorrectly branded fertilizer for all expense, loss and damage sustained b y such purchaser by reason of the purchase and use of such fertilizer, the amount of damage, loss and expense recoverable, however, in no case to be greater then 2 5 per cent. of the original purchase price of such fertilizer. A deficiency of more than three per cent. below the guaranteed analysis of the fertilizer as published and branded on the sacks or packages thereof shall be
