News and Views
Analytical Instrumentation Market in Europe Frost & Sullivan, Inc., a New York City-based market research firm, has published an extensive survey of the analytical instrumentation market in Europe. The 280-page study was issued in March 1974 and predicted the market in individual nations through 1982. Because of the energy shortage and the resulting changes in the economic picture, an addendum is available which assesses the impact of the energy crisis. Projections are made for the analytical instrumentation markets in 1975, 1978, and 1982. These projections are based on the assumptions that the economic situation related to the energy crisis will result in slower growth rates through 1977, but that from 1977 onward, an improved economy will continue with marked increases in growth rate. Thus, growth rates in the range of 4-6% per year to 1977 are expected to increase to from 10 to 15% (average 13.5%) from 1977-82. A major exception is Norway where a buoyant instrumentation market is forecast because of plans to exploit the North Sea oil reserves. Norwegian analytical instrument market growth rates of 15% are forecast. The countries covered by the survey include Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. In these countries the market growth rates for analytical instruments are expected to far exceed the growth rates of their economies, partly because there is minimal dependence on military funding for instrument development or purchase (unlike the USA). The study gives detailed information for each nation, covering general background, end-users, manufacturers and distributors, and sales and service and includes tables of sales by product, numbers of students, teachers, scientists, R&D expenditures, major research institutes and universities, export-imports, and others. The products covered include microscopes, spectrometers, polarimeters, X-ray devices, refractometers, nuclear types, nephelometers, electrochemical devices, thermal analyzers, chromatographs, and particle size
analyzers with subtopics under major instruments such as NMR and IR under the category spectrometers. Technology, automation, and pricing are given attention. Allied equipment such as precision balances, mechanical testing equipment, and computer linkage to analytical equipment is also covered. The study reports that there is no discernible significant technological gap between West Europe and the U.S. The nature of the concerns making analytical instruments in Europe is such that there are opportunities for purchase of small companies. But,
the study also warns against a hasty entry into the European market by U.S. suppliers. This detailed study is available to interested persons for $475. The company has many other reports available that relate to U.S. or European markets. Areas covered are diverse but also include studies of the U.S. markets for air and water pollution instrumentation, optical instrumentation in medicine, process control, commercial lasers, optoelectronics, and soon-to-be published studies of the analytical instrument and the industrial chemical markets in the U.S.
Stanley G. Anderson adjusts the filter mechanism by which car emissions are drawn through an elongated tube and captured by various types of filters at a port orifice at the emissions testing lab of General Motors Research Laboratories. These samples will be analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine the elemental composition of particulate matter. AAS is also used to determine lead in gasoline (down to 0.01 g / g a l for tetraethyl lead), wear metals in studying catalytic c o n v e n o r operation, and wear metals in engine oil. Chrysler has developed test methods with a Perkin-Elmer AA instrument for determining proper platinum and palladium metal loading and establishing the desired ratios of these noble metals. A m e r i c a n Motors uses AA for analyses of steels used in cars, to monitor trace metals in plant effluent, and to monitor lead in blood serum samples of personnel working in the company's plants
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News and Views Surface Analysis The American Society of Testing and Materials Committee E-2 on Emission Spectroscopy has formed a subcommittee E2.02 on surface analysis. Executive Committee chairman W. R. Kennedy has appointed the following as officers: chairman, John R. Cuthill, NBS; vice-chairman, R. S. Carbonar, Battelle Columbus Laboratories; and secretary; R. J. Koch, Armco Steel Co. This committee will concern itself with surface analytical techniques including Auger electron spectroscopy, ESCA, ion scattering, and other related methods. All those interested in the work of this committee are invited to contact ASTM, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103.215-569-4200
Energy-Related Research The Research Directorate of the National Science Foundation has delineated specific research areas that are perceived as having a relationship to solutions of energy problems. Although NSF recognizes that "all basic research is multidirection" and that there is "no body of basic research which impinges only on problems of energy," they intend to stimulate research activity in certain areas in connection with their Energy-Related General Research Program. Forty-seven areas have been designated. Those of likely interest to readers of Analytical Chemistry are listed and defined below. Chemical Analysis. This branch of science deals with all aspects of qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of a given substance present in any material. This involves a broad range of standards, sampling, separation, measurement, and statistical evaluation of analytical data. It includes the development of new techniques and refinement of existing ones suitable for analyses in the concentration range from ultra trace levels to ultrapure samples, both in terms of bulk compositional data as well as three dimensional profiling of the constituents in the sample. It further involves the development of techniques for acquisition of data and automatic control of analyses, including lasers, and probe techniques. Instrumentation. This category includes the development of instruments of intrinsic interest to basic research that are envisioned to have an impact on energy-related research.
Harvey Bair of Bell Lab's Plastics Research and Development Dept. (left) holds a plaque sample which has been molded exactly like a telephone handset. The ABS resin used in telephone sets is synthesized from the monomers acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene and is characterized as a two-phase system. Polybutadiene forms a rubbery phase and exists as minute particles in a glassy matrix of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). In addition, styrene and acrylonitrile monomers are grafted onto the rubbery particles to increase compatibility between the two phases. The incorporation of rubber into SAN provides a tough engineering plastic from a formerly brittle copolymer. The ratio of materials is important. Solvent extraction and infrared spectrographic analysis, electron microscopy, and thermal analysis are all important in characterizing these materials. Additives such as a molding lubricant are quantitatively determined calorimetrically. Bell Labs uses Perkin-Elmer's differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analyzer, and thermobalance. Bell Labs has just announced that it has found a way to reclaim and recycle ABS. Plastic telephone housings end up as pellets in Phillip Hubbauer's hand (right) after starting through a recycling process developed by Bell and Western Electric. The recycling process is in limited operation at Nassau Smelting and Refining Co., a Western Electric subsidiary and at Western Electric's Nashville, Tenn., service center. Pellet scraps are now sold to plastic molding companies, and in the future it is hoped that the scrap can be combined with other materials and reused in Bell system equipment
Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. has acquired a carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer to analyze the molecular structure of rubber, plastic, and fiber materials. The instrument (JEOL) has a 3-ton electromagnet and is controlled by a minicomputer. John Kim, research scientist, is shown checking the computer settings for an experiment. The operator can set the instrument for completely automatic operation for extended periods of time, such as overnight or several days
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For example, the development of lasers, certain types of particle accelerators, most types of radiation detectors, and devices facilitating chemical or elemental analysis are of interest to basic research and are at the core of energy-related basic research. Physical and Chemical Separations. This research involves processes or operations associated with the separation of isotopic, molecular, ionic, or particulate matter (i.e., the desired constituent) by chemical or physical means into subclasses or distinct species. It includes precipitation, solvent extraction, ion or molecular exchange reactions, distillation, electrophoresis, chromatography, or any other process or operations dealing with separations of traces of substances in the sub-ppm (parts per million) range to that of substances in an ultrapure major constituent. Remote Sensing. Major components of this research include the investigation of techniques and methodology in remote sensing to explore new energy resources and to assess broadscale effects of energy systems, in pattern analysis and processing to improve the probability of successful interpretation of the data acquired, and in wideband communication systems and large scale data networks. For further information on these areas or to offer comment, write to Office of Energy-Related General Research, Research Directorate, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550.
trochemical methods and measurements, Fourier transform, gas chromatography, 13 C NMR, moving infrared from "lab to line," mass spectrometry in industry, enthalpimetric analysis, analytical spectroscopy, molecular spectroscopy, and environmental analysis. An exhibition of instruments and apparatus will be held during the meeting with one afternoon being devoted exclusively to the exhibition. Analytical Chemistry will publish the complete technical program and list of exhibitors and their products in a special section of the October issue. For further information, contact Hal Ferrari, Lederle Labs, Pearl River, N.Y. 10965.
Research in Progress The Smithsonian Science Information Exchange registers information on about 80,000 ongoing projects in basic and applied scientific research each year. All aspects of the life and physical sciences are covered in SSIE's data base. The organization classifies project summaries and disseminates information to individual investigators and research managers. Custom searches of the data base can be made. Research information packages of project notices in preselected topics of high current interest are also available. The number of notices in each package varies; thus, prices for the packages vary.
Custom searches tailored to meet individual research information needs are available at $50/search, plus $10 for each additional 1-50 project notices in excess of the first 50. Research information packages in "analytical chemistry" are offered in the following areas: thermal analysis techniques: TGA, DTA, etc., $45 (FJ01S); ion selective electrodes, $35 (FJ02S); colorimetric analysis, $35 (FJ03S) ; detection and testing explosives, $25 (FJ04S); X-ray fluorescence for chemical analysis, $35 (FJ05S); and trace analysis of zinc, $25 (FJ06S). There is, of course, much analytical information contained in other packages that are classified by subject field rather than by discipline. Thus, in Environmental Chemistry— Wastewater Treatment, for example, there are packages dealing with biological oxygen demand, determination of organic substances in natural water, mercury as a water pollutant which covers analytical techniques, chemical oxygen demand, lead as a pollutant including analytical methods, etc. SSIE publishes the SSIE Science Newsletter which,contains new listings of available research information packages.. Ten issues per year are $6.00; $8.00 for foreign orders. To order research information packages, for further information on SSIE's full range of information services, or to subscribe to the newsletter, write to SSIE, Inc., Room 300, 1730 M St., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.
Energy Lectures Will Open FACSS Program The 1st Annual Meeting of the Federation of Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy Societies, which will be held Nov. 18-22, 1974, at the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall, Atlantic City, N.J., will open with a full morning devoted to the central theme of the meeting: the analytical problems involved in the nation's drive to resolve its energy problems. Position papers will be presented in nuclear, oil shale, and coal liquefaction research projects. Plenary lectures at the FACSS meeting will be given by award winners Eugene Sawicki, EPA (Benedetti-Pichler Award sponsored by the American Microchemical Society); John Mitchell, Jr., Du Pont (Anachems); and Heinrich Kaiser, Germany (Hasler Award, SAS). Other plenary lecturers are John J. Kirkland, Du Pont, and D. A. Mack, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. In addition to sessions of general papers, there will be 23 technical sessions dealing with liquid chromatography, electroanalysis, surface analysis, multichannel and multiplex spec-
A remotely controlled laser, an optoacoustic device, and a computer suspended from a balloon 17 miles above the earth gave Bell Lab scientists nearly instantaneous measurements of nitric oxide. The laser-computer system was part of a 2-ton package launched from the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Texas, in early May. The experiments, which measured the decomposition of nitrogen dioxide by the sun's UV radiation, showed that the daytime value of about 4 ppb for nitric oxide was more than 20 times the nighttime value. This system is capable of measuring many pollutants and was originally developed by Bell for use on the ground. Future flights should verify the proposition that at night with no UV radiation, nitric oxide recombines with ozone to produce nitrogen dioxide
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Scientists Receive Awards
J. Jack Kirkland
Melvin H. Swann
A bevy of scientists in fields directly of interest to analytical chemists have received or are about to receive awards. J. Jack Kirkland, research fellow in Du Pont's Central Research Dept., received the Stephen Dal Nogare award at the 9th ACS Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting, April 24. The award, consisting of $500 and an inscribed plaque, was given by the Delaware Valley Chromatography Forum. Dr. Kirkland is honored for his development of high-performance solid support in liquid chromatography. He received the ACS Award in Chromatography (sponsored by Supelco, Inc.) in 1972 for his research and development of a series of controlled surface porosity column packings. Dr. Kirkland has been a major contributor to Analytical Chemistry and is currently a member of our Instrumentation Advisory Panel. Melvin H. Swann, formerly chief of the Analytical Section, U.S. Army Chemical and Coating Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md., received the William T. Pearce Award for 1974 from the American Society of Testing and Materials at the Shoreham Hotel, June 26, during the 77th ASTM annual meeting. This award is given by ASTM Committee D-l on Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products to a member of the committee who has made outstanding contributions to the science of testing paint and paint materials. Mr. Swann is primarily responsible for a series of eight test methods pertaining to the analysis of alkyd, polyester and amino resins; the most recent was issued in 1971. His work culminated in a chapter entitled "Synthetic Res-
William G. Pfann
G. C. B. Cave
ins," in the "Paint Testing Manual," 13th éd., 1972, STP 500. Mr. Swann has been senior author of Analytical Chemistry's biennial applications review on coatings since 1957. William G. Pfann of Bell Laboratories will receive the annual Industrial Research Institute Achievement Award at the IRI Fall meeting, Oct. 7-9, in San Francisco. Mr. Pfann is cited for "his vision and leadership in recognizing the requirement for ultrahigh purity materials. This foresight resulted in his research on zone melting and refining and crystal growth techniques." The impact of this research on the development of rectifiers and transistors provided a basis for the solid-state electronics industry. Mr. Pfann has been at Bell since 1936; he is currently head, Dept. of Crystal Growth & Zone Melting Research. The availability of ultra-high purity materials and the ensuing developments have also had an impact on analytical chemistry in which a need developed for much more sensitive analytical methods. G. C. B. Cave, professor of chemistry at McGill University, Montreal, has been named winner of the Fisher Scientific Lecture Award for 1974 by the Chemical Institute of Canada. This award, consisting of a scroll and $500, was given during the CIC Conference, June 2-5, Regina, Saskatchewan. Dr. Cave is honored for his role as an analytical chemist, both in government service and at the university. He joined McGill in 1959 and was instrumental in designing and teaching, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels, the analytical chemistry curricula. Under his guidance, postgraduate students earned advanced degrees in analytical chemis-
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William R. Cullen
Arnold 0. Beckman
try from McGill for the first time. He also pioneered chemistry teaching by TV and is a popular lecturer in that medium. William R. Cullen, professor of chemistry at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, winner of the Noranda Lecture Award for 1974, is honored for "distinguished contributions to physical and inorganic chemistry." This award is for an under-40 scientist working in Canada. Dr. Cullen, who has published works on a number of aspects of physical and inorganic chemistry, spoke at his Noranda Lecture (CIC Conference, June 3-5, Regina) on the use of spectroscopic tools to elucidate the structures of complex metal carbonyl clusters. Arnold O. Beckman, founder and chairman of Beckman Instruments, Inc., received the 1974 Scientific Apparatus Makers Association Award for his contributions to measurement technology and the scientific instruments industry. This award, established in 1949, recognizes "highest achievement in developing the instrument industry's capacity for serving the nation in the fields of industry, research, education, health and defense." The award was presented at ASMA's 56th annual meeting in Boca Raton, Fla., April 30. Dr. Beckman has been cited by his alma mater, the University of Illinois, as "a distinguished scientist whose vision has aided in the creation of new instruments for the laboratories of a rapidly changing technological age." He is a former chemistry professor at the California Institute of Technology and is now chairman of Caltech's Board of Trustees. He founded Beckman Instruments, Inc., in 1935.
