Analyzing for Traces Chemical concentration a n d sensitive s p e c t r o g r a p h ^ technique gives w o r k a b l e method for biological materials
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I n a new tensile strength test, a. perfect crystal of copper supports the vrcight of a glass cylinder partially submerged in f»pa«-pp
nf
•rrii*-»r»ro I
through a microscope is GE's Sidney S. Brenner, who developed t h e method for testing the metal whiskers crystal whiskers, which a r e only about 0.001 inch thick. T h e n e w method involves placing a whisker i n a vertical position and e m b e d d i n g t h e upper end in a glasslike substance heated, to the melting point. T h e b o t t o m is similarly a t t a c h e d to a glass cylinder floating in a container of oil. Oil is siphoned out, reducing the b u o y a n t force supporting tibe glass float a n d exerting a d o w n w a r d pull. Resulting elongation and eventual breaki n g of t h e whisker a r e projected and viewed on a screen.
R ESEARCHERS involved in long term studies of trace elements in biological materials may b e a b l e to apply techniques recently developed a t the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research in Aberdeen, Scotland. A s just one exa m p l e of t h e importance of metallic trace elements in agriculture, M a c a u lay's Robert L. Mitchell cites the case of cobalt deficiencies i n grazing land. Striking differences h a v e been observed b e t w e e n development of lambs fed on cobalt-deficient areas a n d those fed o n adjacent areas supplied with trace amounts of t h e metal. Using the Macaulay procedure, one can determine metallic constituents present in amounts of the 0.01 to 10 p.p.m. order in plant or animal materials, many fertilizers arid chemical p r o d u c t s , soil extracts, a n d natural waters. A specially developed chemical pret r e a t m e n t eliminates major constituents such as alkali and alkaline earth metals, phosphates, sulfates a n d halides. It also produces a concentrate of uniform major chemical composition in a base suitable for the subsequent spectrographic treatment. T h i s mixture of organic reagents is used for precipitation: 8-hydroxyquinoline, tannic acid, a n d thionalide. Precipitation is m a d e at p H 5.2 in t h e presence of a small amount of alum i n u m to provide a suitable matrix.
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&s FILTRATION AIDS? 3*S FILTER PULP No. 289, Ash-Free H e l p s to m i n i mize clogging of the filter paper, and maintain fil05 t r a t i o n speed. Helps obtain b e t t e r retention of precipitate, insure more accurate results. Dry-Dispersed form replaces moist pulp and brittle tablets.
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s*s ANTI-CREEP Reagent Fluid A few drops added to the w a s h s o l u t i o n prevents the " c r e e p " of precipitates u p the filter p a p e r , f a c i l i tates t h e transfer of insolubles from the precipitation vessel, reduces the problem of film deposit on the -walls of t h e beaker.
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S&S FILTER PAPER SUPPORTS No. 123 With these Supports even soft grades of F i l t e r P a p e r can b e submitted to high suction without d a n g e r of bursting a t the apex. Special p u r e , porous textile material will n o t r e t a r d nitration. Inexpensive.
Send f o r free folder All t h r e e of these S&S Filtration Aids a r e time s a v e r s . T h e y a r e available, with S&S H i g h Quality Analytical F i l t e r Papers, from your l a b o r a t o r y supply house.
r
MAIL COUPON
CARL SCHLEICHER & SCHUELi. CO.
1 I Larger Quarters for P&G Research Procter & Gamble's basic research l a b near Cincinnati has been expanded by 4 0 % to provide more space for studies i n such fields as physiology of skin, rearrangem e n t of fats, physical properties of h u m a n hair, and chemistry of wood.
1 I I •
TODAYI
Dept. CE-11 Keene, NT. H. !
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• FILTER SUPPORTS FILTER FULP • ANTLCREEP
Name-.
.
Company.^
__
__
A ddmatt CUV
NOV. 2 1,
State
1955
C&EN
1
I I I-
5027
RESEARCH
1502 for choosing
PRieiSSON Scientific Equ iprnent R e a S O n "1—Precision laboratory e q u i p m e n t h a s earned a j u s t l y deserved r e p u t a t i o n over t h e years for q u a l i t y i n research laboratories all over the c o u n t r y . r v ^ d ^ V - J I I *Z- — p r e c i s i o n h a s * A nerve-blocking drug for high constructing a facility for nuclear enblood pressure has been developed b y gineering courses. I t will be a subcritiSharp & D o h m e . 3-Methylamino iso- cal assembly, that is, the neutron flux camphane hydrochloride, it resembles will b e incapable of sustaining a chain
C«ntrGGt State University of Iowa Physical Chemistry of Aqueous Solutions of Proteins Structures of Interim tallic Compounds Preparation and Properties of Animimid.es University of Louisville Pyrimidines Johns H o p k i n s University Biochemical Aspects of Secretory Function of Mitochondria. Morgan. State College Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition of Stannane and Homologous Compounds H a r v a r d University Synthesis a n d Transformations of Tritcrpenes, Marine Biological Laboratory Mechaiiocbteniical Coupling in Muscle MIT Enzyme Systems in Synthesis of Nucleic Acids Rotation-Vibration Spectra and M o k c u l a r Structure University of Michigan Studies on Amino Acid Metabolism W a y n e University Gem-Dihalides from Hofmann Reactions University of Minnesota Natuxal Convection in Regions of Maximum Fluid Densities Washington "University (St. Louis) Synthesis o f Seven-Mcmbered Ring Compounds M o n t a n a State College Organic Compounds of Titanium Princeton Denaturation of Proteins Fordhaxn University Development a n d Construction of a Solar Furnace for High Temperature Research Hofstra College Ternary Compounds of the Rare Earths C e n t r a l State College (Wilberforce, Ohio) Identification a n d Chromatographic Separation of Colorless Organic Compounds R e e d College Synthesis o f Glutathione by the Yeast T. utilis C a r n e g i e Institute of Technology Fischer Indole Synthesis D u q u e s n e University Thermodynamics and Kinetic Studies of Metal Complexes with some Peptides and. Related Substances Wilson College Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution University o£ South Caro'ina Free Radical Intermediates in Diazonium Salt R e actions University o£ South Dakota Metabolism of Organisms in the Genus Neisseria M e h a r r y Medical College Spectrophotometric Studies of Selected Carotenoids Vanderbilt University Metabolism of L-Xylulose Mechanisms of Electrophilic Reactions Rice Institute Heats of Catalytic Hydrogenation in Solution University o£ Texas Analytical Chemistry of t h e Platinum Metals University o£ Vermont & State Agricultural College Hindered P h e n a s y Radicals University o£ Virginia Thermodynamics of Association Reactions in Aqueous Solutions University o£ Washington Biochemistry of Phospholipides Chemical [Modification of Proteins University o£ Wisconsin High-Energy-Phosphate Transferring Enzymes
Issvestigstcr
Amount
Xanford Charles Baenziger, Norman C . Wawzonek, Stanley
$19,000 11,000 13,300
Wiley, Richard H.
16,000
Lehninger, Albert L.
21,800
Dillard, Clyde R.
13,200
Woodward, R. W .
42,600
Szent-Gyorgi, Albert
34,500
Buchanan, John M. L o r d , Richard C
30,000 27,500 8,100
Coon, M. J. Stevens, Calvin L.
15,600
27,200
Gutsche, C. D. Caughlan, Charles N«
9,900
Kauzmann, Walter
24,000
Ferraro, Charles F. Laszlo, Tibor S .
14,000
W o l d , Aaron
7,200
Woolfolk, E. O .
5,200
Livermore, Arthur H .
2,800
Carlin, Robert B .
12,600
]L,i, Norman C.
20,000
Monack, Louise C.
5,200
D e Tar, De L o s F.
18,400
Krueger, K e a t h a K. G.
Stes?©
organic
• Better ask E a s t m a n to m a k e it f o r y o u !
Turner, Richard B.
19,000
H,
9,800
L>CCK, xjiinton jL>.
16,200
G.
Skilled professional personnel, with t h e i r w i d e e x p e r i ence in producing some 35O0 Eastman Organic Chemicals, will be glad to help you. And our great variety of equipment for all types of organic reactions is at your service for bulk production. For information or a quotation, write to Distillation Products Industries, Eastman Organic Chemicals Department, Rochester 3, N. Y.
5,400 25,500 12,500
HEelpler, Loren
of a
11,000
Xouster, Oscar, Pearson, D o n a l d E.
Ayres, Gilbert
laboratory amounts
1,400
Isbin, H. S.
H i g h , Edward
For larger-than-
DISTILLATION PRODUCTS INDUSTRIES
9 5 700
H a n a h a n , D o n a l d J. Wilcox, Philip E .
23,400 10,500
N"oda, Lafayette H.
17,000
is a division of
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
NOV.
2 1, 1955
C&EN
5029
RESEARCH reaction. The assembly will consist of uranium metal rods in ordinary water. • A s t u d y of
corrosion in tin
cans
will be under-taken at Oregon State College with a $9600 grant from American Can. The research, b y W. H. Slabaugh, w i l l seek n e w information on how gases in the can—air, carbon dioxide, water vapors—penetrate the protective lacquer film cover to corrode the metal underneath. The threeyear study m a y also help in development of tinless tin cans. F Whs? snakes dry p o w d e r chemical fire extinguishing agents effective is the subject of a research project at Stevens Institute of Technology. Much of the work will center around the thermal decomposition of sodium bicarbonate. Study will be m a d e by Robert A. Bruce, under a new g r a d u a t e research fellowship recently established by Walter Kidde & Co. Foundation, > Applications for g r a n t s from the Van't Hoff F u n d will b e accepted until March 1, 1953, The fund supports research i n pure and a p p l i e d chemistry. Applications sliould b e sent by registered mail to: Het Bestuur der Kon. Ned. Acadeinie van Wetenschappen, bestemd voor de Commissie van het "Van't Hoff Fonds," Trippenhuis. Kloveniersburgwall 29, Amsterdam C, Netherlands.
COMMENT
Ship for Sure...in New Steel Drums You really a d d sales appeal t o a product b y shipping in attractively decorated new steel containers. New steel drums, "dressed-up" in enameled or lithographed colors a n d bearing your familiar trademark, promote instant product recognition and create lasting brand preferences. A n d they afford better product protection . . . guard against contamination and leakage i n shipment a n d in storage. Your supplier will be glad to study your choice of colors and discuss how they c a n best be used to suit y o u r new steel container requirementsNew containers are readily identified by t h e "Red-S" label of the Steel Shipping Container Institute- Always look for the sticker on incoming d r u m s . . . it's a sure sign of a quality-packed product.
STEEL SHIPPING CONTAINER
'^COHlrt**
5030
C&EN
J
INSTITUTE
6 0 0 Fifth Avenue, Nevw York 2 0 , N. Y.
NOV. 2 1, 1955
Virtually all nuclear reactors will use solid fuel elements, rather than liquid fuels, certainly for the time beings because of the relatively advanced state of development of solid fuels. Development efforts in solid fuels will be directed towards long-life fuel elements tfoat are relatively easy to fabricate and reprocess. It is our belief tTzat great strides can be made in thds direction by proper coordination of reactor physicists, metallurgists, nuclear engineers, and chemical processors. If [the obstacles of corrosion] can he overcome at reasonable cost, then -the fluid fuel will be able to malce a place for itself in the reactor husiness. BERNARD KOPELMAN, chief engineer of Sylvania xEicctric; PrOuiiets atomic energy division, before National Industrial Conference Board.
