Principles of the Quantum Control of Molecular Processes. By Moshe Shapiro (Weizmann Institute of Science) and Paul Brumer (University of Toronto). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken. 2003. xiv + 354 pp. $79.95. ISBN 0-471-24184-9. As quantum mechanical objects, molecules are subject to the processes of constructive and destructive interference in a fashion similar to waves rippling in a pond, and two or more interfering paths can result in either complete production (or elimination) of specific final quantum states. The authors of this book focus on one approach to inducing such a phenomenon by using laser light, with the so-called “energy-resolved” point of view of coherent control, although brief descriptions are also provided for other approaches to quantum control, including closed-loop control, adiabatic passage, and optimal control theory. Overall, this monograph is primarily a compilation of the authors’ own contributions to the topic over the last two decades and represents the height of the first principles of understanding of quantum control for simple atomic and molecular systems. There are important caveats that the reader must be aware of when considering applying this approach to chemical systems, however. One must be able to define the Hamiltonian for the molecule, to excite from as pure a quantum state as possible, and be able to apply a scattering formalism to solve more complex problems. Consequently, from the point of view of the synthetic chemist, only simple molecules and systems currently fall into the category of tractable targets for the method of control described here. The work is written at a level appropriate for an advanced graduate student in theoretical chemistry or physics and represents a theoretical treatise explaining the machinery necessary to perform multiple path interference control. The authors demonstrate the application of this technology in a wide variety of systems. After the introductory chapter on interactions between radiation and matter, the work can be broadly divided into three major sections, control through weak, moderate, and strong fields. The section on weak field control is by far the most extensive, beginning in Chapter 2 with a description of photodissociation that serves as a prelude to the theoretical construct for this phenomenon. Bichromatic control is presented for the cases of one- versus three- and one- versus two-photon-control in Chapter 3, which concludes with an interesting and critical appendix on mode-selective chemistry. One wishes that the same critical and historical style had been applied to the assumptions and approximations for the material in the remainder of the book. The next chapter in this section is a succinct description of the theory of optimal control, intermingled with pump-dump methodology. Chapter 5 covers applications of the theory and includes a study of decoherence, and the following chapter provides a series of case studies in coherent control, including Unsigned book reviews are by the Book Review Editor. 13906
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state-specific production of Na from Na2, control over refractive index, and a discussion of molecular phase in the presence of resonances. Control of bimolecular processes is reviewed in Chapter 7, in which the reactive scattering of two molecules is considered. The concluding chapter of this section concerns the synthesis and purification of chiral molecules. The section addressing medium field control begins with a short treatise on adiabatic population transfer from one pure state to another and includes a description of electromagnetically induced transparency and lasing without inversion. Chapters 10 and 11 cover photodissociation beyond the weak field regime and coherent control in the continuum, respectively. Strong field coherent control comprises the final section of the book and is covered in a single chapter. Strong field alignment and the spatial focusing of atomic beams during deposition on a surface are the major examples discussed. The authors could have presented a much wider overview of the work from the community investigating strong field control. The book concludes with a chapter on case studies in optimal control and considers the creation of excited states, using prepared states and optimal control in the perturbative domain. The first experimental examples where control of polyatomic molecules is demonstrated can be found in a section on adaptive feedback control, a method vastly different from the “energyresolved” point of view. The authors conclude the monograph with an excellent discussion of the relationships between interference and optimal control. Robert J. Levis, Temple UniVersity JA033533R 10.1021/ja033533r
Physical Chemistry of Polymer Rheology. By Junji Furukawa (Kyoto University). Springer Series in Chemical Physics, No. 72. Edited by F. P. Scha¨fer, J. P. Toennies, and W. Zingth. Kodansha, Ltd.: Tokyo, and Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 2003. xvi + 278 pp. $99.00. ISBN 4-06-209664-1 (Kodansha) and 3-540-00053-4 (Springer-Verlag). Junji Furukawa, Professor Emeritus of Kyoto University, has enjoyed a distinguished and productive career in polymer science, receiving the Witco Award of the Polymer Science Division of the American Chemical Society in 1978, only one of the many recognitions afforded to him by his contemporaries in a career spanning from the mid-1930s to the present. Among other accomplishments, he played a seminal role in the development of a world-class program in polymer synthetic chemistry at Kyoto University. Indeed, beginning with his papers in the mid-1940s, most of his published work has involved the synthetic chemistry of polymers, but about one-fourth of his published papers have been on subjects in rheology. Beginning in the mid-1950s and then with a number of papers in the early 1980s and others since that time, he developed a model for the 10.1021/ja033533r CCC: $25.00 © 2003 American Chemical Society
BOOK REVIEWS
linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of polymers that is very different from that accepted by most workers in the field. This book is principally based on work that Furukawa has published on his model and its application over that time. The author provides a succinct description of his model in his Preface: “... a new theory of thermodynamics and kinetics for chain molecules using a model of pseudo crosslinks of multi sizes. It suggests that the links possess their own melting temperatures. They are changed by the rheological conditions providing the softening and glass-transition temperatures. These temperatures determine polymer properties, such as viscoelasticity, melt viscosity and elastic as well as plastic behaviors of bulk polymers.” A total of some 280 distinct references are cited; of these, 230 were published prior to 1993, and 53 are to papers by the author and co-workers. In this respect, the work provides neither a balanced view of the work on polymer rheology over the past decades nor a look at the most recent trends in the field. The book comprises two sections: Part I, “Elementary Rheology of Polymers” (15 chapters, 133 pages), which is intended as a primer in preparation for the second section, and Part II, “Theory of Pseudo Cross-links of Multi-Size” (16 chapters, 140 pages). This reviewer cannot recommend the physics (or physical chemistry) in the author’s model, as elaborated on in Part II, as being useful for the purpose suggested. Interestingly, in the past decade or so, there has been considerable interest in the rheology of associating polymers, particularly those in aqueous media. Despite the possible overlap of some of the concepts in this area to those in the author’s model, it appears that none of this recent work is considered or cited in the book (nor do the words “association” or “aggregation” appear in the index). Unfortunately, Part I cannot be recommended as a useful primer for the beginner, both because it is permeated by comments based on the author’s model and because of numerous errors in the presentation of the equations and figures. G. C. Berry, Carnegie Mellon UniVersity JA0335723 10.1021/ja0335723
Beyond Metallocenes: Next-Generation Polymerization Catalysts. Edited by Abhimanyu O. Patil (ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company) and Gregory G. Hlatky (Equistar Chemical LP). American Chemical Society: Washington, DC (Distributed by Oxford University Press). 2003. xiv + 250 pp. $130.00. ISBN 0-8412-3838-3. This book is the result of a symposium on the topic organized by the Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Inc. at the 223rd American Chemical Society National Meeting in Orlando, FL in April 2002. The 16 chapters are organized into the following sections: Fundamentals; Catalysts from Group 14 Metal Complexes; Catalysts from Groups 5 and 6 Metal Complexes; Catalysts from Groups 8-10 Metal Complexes; and Catalysts Based on Copper Complexes. New ligand synthesis, metal compounds, polymer structures, and combinations of monomers are also covered, as are spectro-
scopic and molecular modeling studies of the behavior of catalysts. Author and subject indices complete the book. JA0335871 10.1021/ja0335871
Handbook of Thermoluminescence. By Claudio Furetta (Rome University “La Sapienza”). World Scientific: Singapore, River Edge, NJ, London. 2003. xviii + 462 pp. $84.00. ISBN 981-238-240-2. The aim of this handbook is to provide “practical support for research, study, routine work and terminology in the field of thermoluminescence.” It covers methods for determining kinetic parameters, procedures for characterizing a thermoluminescent dosimetric system, and analytical treatments of the various thermoluminescent models, as well as definitions of terms commonly used in the area of thermoluminescence. The chapters are labeled alphabetically and cover topics in that order; for example, Chapter A includes such topics as “Accuracy”, “Adirovitch model”, and “Atomic number”. JA033585G 10.1021/ja033585g
Advances in Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization. Edited by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski (Carnegie Mellon University). American Chemical Society: Washington, DC (Distributed by Oxford University Press). 2003. xvi + 688 pp. $175.00. ISBN 0-8412-3854-5. This book evolved from a symposium on the subject sponsored by the Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc. at the 224th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in Boston in August 2002. Its 43 chapters are organized into the following subject areas: Fundamentals; Conventional Radical Polymerization; Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms; Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Materials and Applications; Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization and Stable Free Radical Polymerization; and RAFT [reversible-addition fragmentation transfer] and Other Degenerative Transfer Processes. An author and a subject index complete the book. JA033575F 10.1021/ja033575f
Oligosaccharides in Food and Agriculture. Edited by Gillian Eggleston and Gregory L. Coˆ te´ (U.S. Department of Agriculture). American Chemical Society: Washington, DC (Distributed by Oxford University Press). 2003. xiv + 250 pp. $125.00. ISBN 0-8412-3826-X. This book was developed from an American Chemical Society Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry symposium on the title subject held in April 2002 in Orlando, FL, although it does contain chapters written by invited researchers who did not participate in the symposium. According to the editors, “the J. AM. CHEM. SOC.
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objective of this book is to provide an overall view of the current understanding of the occurrence and function of oligosaccharides in food and agriculture.” Apart from an introductory chapter, the remaining 15 chapters are organized under the following subtopics: Analytical Techniques; Prebiotics: Biosynthesis, Structures, and Properties; Oligosaccharides Related to or That Are Derived from Starch; and Oligosaccharides Occurring in or That Are Formed from the Deterioration of Sugar Cane. An author and a subject index complete the book. JA0335768 10.1021/ja0335768
Group 13 Chemistry III: Industrial Applications. Edited by Herbert W. Roesky (University of Go¨ttingen, Germany) and David A. Atwood (University of Kentucky, Lexington). From the Series, Structure & Bonding, 105. Edited by D. M. P. Mingos. Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 2003. x + 208 pp. $169.00. ISBN 3-540-44105-0. This volume is the third of a three-part series focusing on group 13 elements. Because boron and aluminum are readily available, their associated products are rather inexpensive, which easily explains their commercial importance and consequently the title of this volume. However, the reader must be aware that this volume covers more than just the applications of boron and aluminum chemistry; it also deals with some of the more fundamental aspects of this topic. The first chapter, written by Schubert, provides information on the chemistry and structures of borates in aqueous solution and the solid state, and also on some of its biological aspects. The last third of this chapter incorporates industrial products
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and their use in a concise way. In the second chapter, Uhl describes the synthesis and the great variety of structural patterns of Ga and Al hydrazides. Although these compounds may possibly have an application in the future, this chapter is mainly interesting from a fundamental point of view. Although the authors Linton and Wheatley refer to some recently published review articles discussing the applications of aluminum oxides in Chapter 3, they mainly focus on the structures of mono and dinuclear aluminum oxide complexes with coordination numbers of the metal ranging from 3 to 6. Much attention has been paid to this research topic, starting in the past decade. No less than 285 references are cited, and about 160 different compounds are grouped into four tables. In Chapter 4, Budzelaar and Talarico summarize the specific reactions of aluminum alkyls that are useful for synthetic chemists and industrial applications, insertion, β-elimination, and β-hydrogen transfer. They provide a very clear compilation of the different mechanisms of these reactions supported by computation. The last chapter, written by Atwood, Hutchison, and Zhang, deals with compounds featuring pentacoordinate group 13 elements. These were divided into six different classes, in five of which there are known examples. The authors expect there to be future applications of the pentacoordinate compounds because of their higher stability as compared to tri- and tetracoordinate species. Overall, the book is well written, but its title is somewhat misleading; that is, coverage of industrial applications is rather limited. Guy Bertrand, UniVersity of California, RiVerside JA033573V 10.1021/ja033573v
