Beyond the Flyleaf The Constituents of Wheat and Whemt Prodacts. ACS Monograph Να. 96. C. H. Bailey. 332 pages. Reinhold Publish ins? Corp.. New York. N. Y. Price. S6.50. A HE author and publishers here offer a book fully in keeping with the best traditions of the ACS Monograph Series. It is erudite». as would be expected from Dr. Bailey, the best trained chemist, by experience, travel, and general equipment, for the authorship of a book of this character. Some 128 pases are devoted to the fire-* chapter—the proteins—and in discussing the subject recourse was had to over 330 references, of which 60 are in German, 2 5 in French, and 30 from other foreign lands. It is quite possible that the author went too far back in the literature of proteins, because the reader becomes more or lees confused owing to the fact that the early work on this subject was conducted before Osborne's classical studies made it possible t o obtaio a clear characterisation of the proteins. Hence this chapter will be useful and appeal to the more serious student of the proteins. A splendid tabulation of the flour-protein nomenclature from 1728 to 1904 i s given., after which Osborne's researches, followed by later studies, are discussed.
The last chapter—vitamins—is of much greater general interest, for here the author has omitted much of the early work on this subject (the first reference, given by the author, was of work done in 1Θ22, 11 years after the discovery of the vitamins by Funk, and only 4 references are made earlier than 1931). Here we find a very excellent sum mary of the more recent work on this very important subject. Some 120 references to tbe literature are made, 100 of them since 1936. That is one reason why this chapter is so interesting and lively. There is not so much confusion here, nor so much "dead" matter, as is found in the chapter on proteins. Even this chapter would prove more helpful to the reader if the author had more often expressed his own views as to the reliability of the data quoted from different workers. Without a close study of the text, the reader is likely to assume as correct cer tain figures which are not accepted today. The author has never been a real friend of whole wheat flour nor of wheat germ and it occasionally appears (1 say appears) as though he somewhat minimized these two food substances as sources of the various B-vitamina, and at the same time quotes without attempted correction or objections figures which if taken at their face value
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CHEMICAL
might lead one to assume that patent flour is richer in vitamins than is believed by most authors. Hence a close study of the text is necessary. The casual reader might easily get the opinion that bran and germ are only fairly good sources of the B-vitamins (for these two wheat-components make up only a small proportion of the kernel), while in the case of the endosperm (really a poor source of vitamins) the opposite opinion might be formed. The chapter on minerals is of first importance and contains much material of great interest. No mention, however, is made of Tellers' early work on the minerals of wheat and flour. The other important chapters refer to the work on Starch, Lipids, Pigments, and Halogens, Sulfur, and Selenium. The chapter on Acidity erroneously credits the Balland method (French) as the "Greek" method. The other, and minor chapters, refer to sugar and gums. All in all, this book is quite free from errors (only one was noted by the reviewer— on page 304, 10th line from the bottom, where 0.13 should be 13). The book is adequately illustrated with graphs and replete with tables. The author and subject indexes will be found very helpful. This book should appeal to students, in general, of wheat, flou., milling, and baking. The reviewer knows of no other book covering this field and he is sure most readers will feel grateful to C. H. Bailey for the painstaking far-reaching researches which have made this volume possible. J. A. L B CLERC
Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. Norbert Adclph Lange, Editor. 5th éd., XVI + 1 7 7 7 pages, 271 pages of mathematical tables, 28 pages of index. Handbook Publishers, Inc., Sandusky, Ohio, 1944. Price, S6.00. REVIEWING a handbook as large as Lange's is a difficult task, but the responsibility is greatly lightened because its popularity and large distribution among chemists and chemical engineers in the past make it merely necessary to note the changes the editor has made in the present fifth edition; the personnel of the chemical industries is already well acquainted with its usefulness. Lange has added the periodic chart of the elements from Deniing's Introductory College Chemistry; a table on the properties of flammable liquids, gases, and solids; a tabulation of flame temperatures; a discussion, with examples, on Water for Industrial Use; a tabulation on the comparison of various types of plastics; and sections on fluorescence and its laws. The most important change in the new edition is the complete revision of the table of physical constants of organic compounds. The table has been increased to include 6,507 compounds, with a corresponding list of more than 3,500 synonyms.
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Twelve other tables have been extended and rewritten. Xhe format is exactly the same as the other editions although the préfacée to the second* third, and fourth editions have not been included in the present offering. There has been an increase in the number of people who have assisted in the work, and the number o f pages has been increased by 70 odd. Infrared Spectroscopy. Industrial Applications and Bibliography. R. Bowling Barnes, Robert C. Gore* Urner Liddell, and Van Zandt Williams. 236 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, Ν. Υ., 1944. Price, S2.25. A UNIFIED discussion of the infrared spectrometer and its application in the work of an industrial research laboratory is pre sented for the first time. The physical basis of infrared spectroscopy is the fact that the infrared absorption spectrum is truly characteristic of the absorbing com pound. The applications of this fact to the identification of compounds, recognition of specific chemical bonds, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures are outlined. The application of the analytical methods to process control in the plant is discussed briefly, and the need for coopera tion between the research worker, production analyst, and instrument maker in the design and production, of suitable commercial apparatus is emphasized. The spectrometer and associated appara tus used in the authors' laboratory are de scribed i n some detail. I t is regrettable that descriptions and critical comparison of other instruments were not included for the benefit of laboratories wishing to install such equip ment. Sufficient discussion of the origin of infrared spectra to indicate the difficulty of the mathematical approach is given. The empirical method of correlating the absorp tion bands witii specific atomic groups is outlined and examples cited. The techniques of qualitative and quanti tative analyses are described and a few typical analyses are given. The library of the spectra of 363 representative compounds is an important; aid in the identification of compounds and in the study of correlations between spectral characteristics and molec ular structure. These curves will also aid the production analyst in predicting the feasibility of using the infrared analysis method for particular mixtures. A very pressing need is met by the bibliog raphy which forms the third part of the book. This bibliography lists over 2,700 references in t h e style of Chemical Abstracts. An author index and a subject index are included. T h e number of subjects used is small, but will be found sufficient to save many hours in searching the literature. The typography and make-up of the book are excellent. The paper and binding meet wartime specifications, and volumes under going hard usage in the laboratory may need occasional replacement. An index to the subject matter of the text would be desirable for ready reference.
VOLUME
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BEYOND THE FLYLEAF This book presents a striking example of the bringing together of two fields of scien tific research for the solution of difficult industrial problems. Only a few workers have the breadth of experience required to overcome the difficulties in construction and use of a research type infrared spectrometer and the interpretation of the intricacies of the vibrations of atoms bonded together in complex organic molecules. It is hoped that the authors will soon be able to amplify this volume, giving more space to instrumenta tion and the interpretation of spectra. Also it would be advantageous to increase the library ο>ί spectra of pure compounds to a considerable extent. J. HORACE COULLIETTE
Ten Lectures on Theoretical Rheology. Marfan Reiner. 163 pages. (Rubin Mass, Jerusalem). Nordeman Publishing Co., Inc., New York, Ν. Υ., 1943. Price, S4.5D.
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1 Hie is an excellent little book. It aims to make the reader acquainted with the fundamental ideas he needs to understand and appreciate the theoretical treatment of systems exhibiting superimposed elastic and viscous behavior. It succeeds, indeed, in conveying an amazing amount of knowl edge in a very condensed space. The booklet starts with a treatise of simple ideological cases, such as the Hookean solid, the Newtonian and Pascalian liquid, and then proceeds to more and more compli cated systems. Every step is closely watched and only undertaken after a sound fundament i s laid for it. This is done with full use of the appropriate mathematical formalisai, with the aid of numerous (51) excellent illustrations (see Figures III 2, V 9.VT3 4, and VIII 1), and with a few well-organised tables. Intending to convey fundamental ideas on three-dimensional problems, the author rightly does not spare mathematical derivations and formulas. But he always presents and uses them as that which they are—namely, a useful and recommendable tool to write down what one observes or measures and to connect the observed phenomena with the established facts of molecular physics. Throughout the book, the adopted formalism serves this purpose» and never obscures the main line of thought or scares the reader away. The core of the presentation is chapters β to 10, which deal in detail with visco-elastio solids, viscosity of solutions and sols, yield value, dissipation of energy during plastic flow, and with Bingham's generalised treatment of plastOOlastic materials. The author apologizes (p. 162) for not having Itopt his subject as up to date as he would have wished. This is true, but it is a minor drawback for a treatise of such fundamental character. If the reader follows the presentation of this book and famil iarizes himself with it, he will have but little difficulty in studying and appreciating the more recent contributions in this field. He will «ertainly always be grateful to Dr. Reiner for being such a conscientious and elucidating guide on the way through the modem Theological problems. H. MARK
848
CHEMICAL
Laboratory Manual for Chemical and Bac teriological Analysis of Water And Sewage. Frank R. Theroux, Edward F. Eldridge, and W. Le Roy Mallmann, 274 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York and London, 1943. Price, $3.00. ADDITION of a new section on testing of boiler waters and revision of bacteriological methods have increased the value of this book over the first edition of 1936. It re tains its prestige as the most practical labo ratory manual for analysts of water and sewage, but does not carry the weight of authority of "Standard Methods" of the American Public Health Association. New procedures for determination of fats in sew age and sludge are not included. The discus sion of the biochemical oxygen demand de termination is inadequate and is misleading in that it ignores the second stage. Methods for chemical analyses comprise the first 10O pages, preparation of reagents 28 pages, a general discussion of chemistry as applied to water and sewage 75 pages, bac teriological sampling and methods 34 pages, and a general discussion of water bacteriology 12 pages. The book is a good practical guide for laboratory technicians and is more useful than "Standard Methods". F. W. MOHLMAN
Laboratory Program for General Chemistry. J. R. Morton, D. ft. Clippinger, and L. P. Eblin, edited by Herman T. Briscoe. 272 pages. Houghton Mifflin Co., 2 Park St., Boston, Mass., 1944. Price, $2.00. A SEMi-LoosELEAF manual. Thefirstsection is composed of experiments essential in illus trating the fundamental concepts, laws, and theories of general chemistry, planned for a full-year program. The second section gives a treatment of basic qualitative analysis, with procedures designed to serve both macro and semimicrotechniques. Tables of reagents and materials needed for each ex periment are included in appendixes.
Industrial Hygiene Foundation Publications Report on Highpoints of Foundation's Plant Surveys. F. R. Hoiden and W. C. L. Hemeon. 6 pages. Sick Absenteeism among a Sample of Mem· ber Companies of Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1942 and 1941, with Observa tions on the Reduction of Manpower Losses. W. M. Gafqfer. 16 pages. Senescence and Industrial Efficiency. Ed ward J. Stiealitz. 17 pages. Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Ave. Pittsburgh 13, Pa. UL, Symbol of Safety. A Report of 50 Tears of Continuous Service. 32 pages. Under writers* Laboratories» Inc., Chicago, UK. 1944. Safety i n the Operation of Hydrogen Fluo ride Alkylation Plants. UOP Booklet 252. 16 pages. Universal Oil Products Co., 310 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.-
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