INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
1414
chosen, not politically, but by their peers in their own professions or callings? We have the brains in this country to solve most of present and future difficulties if we will only give them a chance to function effectively. I n conclusion, let me deny that science is to blame for all the horrors of war. Destruction of life and property was relatively as great in the days of Genghis Khan as now. Perhaps the essential difference is that in Caesar’s time the average cost of killing a soldier was 24 cents, while today i t has reached several thousand dollars. Science is the friend of the poor, for research has always lowered costs and raised the standard of living. A little more than a century ago, in England, a laborer worked 15 hours a day for a week to earn 2 bushels of wheat. Today the American workman earns 2 bushels of wheat (at nearly the same price) in less than half a day. The liberating influence of the much-criticized Machine Age is convincingly shown by consideration of the cotton gin. “Without this mechanical device 37,000,000 American
Vol. 34, No. 11
citizens, working 300 days per year, would be kept busy removing seed from cotton, if the present rate of cotton fabric production is to be miintained.” (Hugh Davis) Think of it! One fourth of our population toiling to prepare raw cotton! With three more such demanding industries the books would be closed. At the entrance t o the Rochester Public Library is carved in stone a great and richly deserved tribute: Science The Master of Light and Energy Of Time, Space and Sound Foe of the Forces That Assail Life Science, I may add, has vision, which the public and many of its leaders lack. Without vision the people perish. PRESENTEDbefore the General Meeting a t the 104th Meeting of the AMERICAN
CHEMICAL Socmru, Buffalo, N. Y .
Boiling Point Nomograph for n-Alkyl Primary Amines ALSTOS, Pool, D. S. DAVIS, Michigan Alkali Compa y, Wyandotte, htich.
3 ,mj
350
I
Selby, and Potts’ reported the boiling points of saturated n-alkyl primary amines containing from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive, a t eleven pressures ranging from 1 to 760 mm. of mercury. The nomograph, based on these data, enables estimation of the boiling temperatures at any intermediate pressure and depends on the relation:
where p = vapor pressure, mm. of mercury t = temperature, ’ C. a depends upon the temperature, as follows: No, , o f Carbon Atom3
200
/so
R
5-
t
10 0 17
0
oi
t a
200 0.10
240 0.64
280 3.00
300 6.80
320 8.60
330 9.12
340 9.57
350 10.00
310 7.00
The values of A and B for various numbers of carbon atoms are: 0 I2
No. c Atoms
0 I1 0
10
6
7 8 9 10 11 12
09 08
A 6.87’8 6.981 7.099 7.162 7.373 7.365 7.477
B 1331 1462 1602 1726 1887 1976 2106
No. c Atoms 13 14 15 16 17 18
A 7.716 7.833 7.929 8.024 8.220 8.341
B 2287 2416 2535 2658 2814 2944
07 06
The dashed line illustrates the use of the chart and shows that the boiling point of the member of the series containing 13 carbon atoms is 168” C. at a pressure of 32 mm. The points marked on the nomograph should be used rather than the circles for members containing 14, 15, and 16 carbon atoms where the pressures are above 500 mm. Boiling points read from the chart agree with the reported values well, within 2” C.
+
1 Ralston, Selby, Pool, and Potts, IND.ENO.CHEM.,32, 1093 (1940).
