S e p t . , 1917
T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D EIVGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
Efforts are being made t o increase the use of peat for fuel in Switzerland. (P. 324) A $20,000,000plant for refining nickel ore is t o be erected in the Sudbury district, Canada. (P. 326) Coal gas is being used extensively in England as a substitute for gasoline for motor bus fuel. (P. 337) Chinese wood-oil varnish is made from tung oil, by heating with a ferruginous clay, and native red lead. The varnish is used for waterproofing silks, pongees, etc. (P. 180) An electric power rolling mill is to be installed in connection with the electric furnace steel plant a t Stavanger, Norway. (P. 342) SPECIAL SUPPLEMEXTS ISSUEDDURINGTHE MONTH SPAIN-14b ARGENTINA-380 ia URUGCAY-47a SWITZERLAKD-1 COSTA R I C A - ~ ~ ~ CHINA-526 and 5 2 6 DUTCHWEST IN DIES-^;^ FRENCH INDO-CHINA-54U GUATEMALA-2ga AUSTRALIA-6Oa PANAMA-ssa
The Spanish Government has taken over the platinum and potash deposits in Spain, but has not yet done any extensive work upon them. (Supplement I j a )
91 7
STATISTICS OF EXPORTS TO THE UNITEDSTATES CANADA--263 DUTCHWESTINDIESLONDON-293 Sup. 2 i a Rubber Wood alcohol Tin PIlper .4loes Hides Coal Divi divi Indigo Coke Hides Calcium acetate Mangrove bark SP.AIK-SUP. l j b Sulfuric acid Salt Copper Calcium carbide Sugar Hides Gum chicle Fustic Iron ore Senega root Logwood Pyrites Fertilizers Hides PANAHA-SUP. 3Su COSTARICA-SUP. 21a Leather Balata Gold Rubber Hides Gold Aluminum Hides Manganese ore Asbestos Ipecac Rubber Copper Manganese ore Sugar Copper ore Rubber Ferro alloys ARGEKTINA-SUP.3 a ~ Tagua nuts Sickel Bones Tallow Pyrites Quebracho extract Oil cake Glycerine AGSTRALIA-SU~. 60a Oils Guano Wood pulp Copper Hides Coke Rubber SWITZERLAND-SUP. Copra 17a URUGUAY-SUP. 4711 Gold Hides Drugs Bones Nickel matte Gelatin Blood Glue Glue Stock Chrome ore Manganese ore Hides Hides Oleostearin .Srtiticial silk Rubber Tin Aniline dyes Tin ore
BOOK REVIEWS ~
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The Founder’s Manual. A Presentation of Modern Foundry Operations for the Use of Foundrymen, Foremen, Students and Others. By DAVIDI\;. PAYSE. 676 pp. 245 illustrations. D. Van Kostrand Co., 1917. Price, $4.00. The author’s plan has been to summarize information contained in separate publications which have appeared in the proceedings of various associations, and in the scientific and trade journals. Chapters I to 7, inclusive, pp. I to 240, consist of reference tables covering the fields of mathematics, mechanics, etc., taken largely from standard handbooks on civil engineering and mechanical engineering. The remainder of the book treats of the properties of cast iron as influenced by its composition, the composition of iron required for various uses, and the mixing of iron, based on chemical analysis. Methods of testing and analyzing cast iron are given. The effect of the structure of iron upon its physical properties is discussed. The manufacture of malleable cast iron and of steel castings is described. General foundry practice and foundry accounts are treated, and the book closes with a pig iron directory, showing the average cornposition of the pig irons made a t the various furnaces in the United States. The book as a whole is what it purports to be, t’iz., a summary of useful information, rather than a treatise of which the author’s own experience and ideas form any material part. From a chemist’s and metallurgist’s standpoint one might disagree with the statement on page 2 4 1 , which implies that cementit is found in iron only in the presence of manganese, chromium, etc., or on page 242, that the atomic weight of pig iron is 54.5, One might also wonder why, on pages 101 to 106, space is given t o tables concerning brick-lined well construction. The book is a compilation, the contents of which will be useful. JAMES 0 . HANDY
Bedtel, A. W. Betts, J . M. Cratty, C. TV. Ferguson, F. A . Gooch,
T. T. Gray, N. F . Harriman and Allen Rogers.
P a r t I, with 496 pages, treats of the qualitative detection and quantitative determination of all the common elements and some of the less common ones such as cerium, glucinum, iridium, palladium, osmium, ruthenium, tantalum, thorium, columbium and zirconium. Part 11, with 2 7 7 pagcs, contains chapters on special subjects : acids, oils, fats, wases, paints, cements, alloys, coal, illuminating gas, and assaying. Part 111 contains 45 pages of specific gravity tables, conversion factors and other useful d a t a ; the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales are compared from -200’ t o + I O O O ” C. a t j ” intervals; the number of acres in a hectare is given as well as the number of grams in a n apothecaries’ ounce (to 6 significant figures) and the heats of formation and of combustion of substances like amylene, allylene and crotonylene are shown. The aim of the book, as stated in the preface, is to give carefully selected methods of technical analysis in sufficient detail to enable one with only a n elementary knowledge of chemistry to follow the directions. Measured by this standard, Part I1 is very well done. The methods given there are certainly technical methods and they have been written up by men thoroughly conversant with this sort of chemical work. Each writer has written his special chapter according to his own ideas and although the methods of treatment are often quite different and the literary styles vary markedly, it is clear that this part of the book is typical of the methods in common use in this country. Frequent reference is made here t o the useful bulletins published a t Washington. On account of the independent way in which this part of the book was written, there is considerable repetition which could have been saved if suitable cross-references had been used. There is, moreover, very little that is new in this, or in any other part of the book. Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis. Edited by WILFRED I n P a r t I the elements are considered in alphabetical order. W. SCOTT, Research Chemist, General Chemical Co. sxxi First of all’the atomic weight, specific gravity, melting point, 864 pp. D . Van Nostrand Co., New York, 1917. Price, boiling point and characteristic oxides are given. Next comes S6.00 net. a discussion of the characteristic reactions by means of which This book was written in collaboration with H. A . Baker, the qualitative tests are made. Following this are methods for L. E. Barton, F. G. Breycr, B. S. Clark, \V. G. Derby, W.F. preparing suitable solutions, methods of separating the element Doerflinger, D. K. French, H . A . Gardner, A . H. Gill, F. E. from interfering elements and finally gravimetric and voluHale, R. E. Hickman, \Y.B. Hicks, R . K. RIeadc, J. C. Olsen, metric methods are described for the determination of the eleK. S. Owens, W. L. Save11 and J. A . Schaeffer. According to ment. The editor states t h a t “lengthy exposition, theoretical the preface, assistance was also rendered by \V. S. Allen, E. dissertation and experimental data arc purposely avoided”
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T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
but he has attempted in all cases t o make the chemistry of thereactions understood and there is a liberal use of chemical equations. The material in Part I is borrowed very largely from other well-known textbooks and in many cases proper credit is not given. Thus credit is in one case given to a n eminent chemist, but t h e directions used are copied literally from those worked out by another chemist some thirty years later. The alphabetical arrangement does not always work out satisfactorily. Similar elements, such as barium, calcium and strontium are widely separated from one another. This also necessitates a great deal of rewtition which would be avoided by any system of bringing related elements together. The editor has very carefully avoided reference t o the modern theory of solutions. Thus he explains the failure of magnesium hydroxide to precipitate upon t h e addition of ammonia in the presence of ammonium chloride in two different ways, in different sections of the book. At one place it is stated that the magnesium remains in solution because the ammonium chloride furnishes, by hydrolysis, sufficient hydrochloric acid to dissolve magnesium hydroxide and in another place the non-precipitation of the magnesium is said t o be due to the formation of a soluble double salt. There is no hint regarding the effect of ammonium ions upon the ionization of ammonium hydroxide. The methods chosen in P a r t I are, for the most part, very good ones. As a rule, the directions are given in good English, but here and there are evidences of inexcusable carelessness, i. e., there are too many instances of a plural noun and a singular verb being used together; sodium hydroxide is sometimes called by this name but a t other times it is merely “caustic” or “sodium hydrate.” A t one place the following sentence occurs: “The cooled mass is digested with water t o remove soluble soc‘ium compounds among which is silica.” At another place “fluorspar” is called “feldspar.” On page 550, it is stated that bismuth subnitrate can be used instead of sodium bismuthate in the volumetric determination of manganese. Passing hydrogen sulfide into a solution is called “gassing” and a precipitate is sometimes “copped out” from a beaker. On page 25, this phrase occurs: “When all is in solution and the color has changed to a straw.” At one place, 1.5 milligrams of silver chloride are said t o dissolve in a liter of water but farther on in the book it is claimed that this substance is “almost absolutely insoluble.” The appearance of the book is excellent and there are comparatively few misprints. The book will be welcomed in every technical library and will doubtless have a good sale. WILLIAMT. HALL
The American Fertilizer Hand Book.
Ware Bros. Co., Publishers, Philadelphia, 1917. Price, $1 .oo. The purpose of this volume is to furnish a standard reference book and directory of the Commercial Fertilizer Industry and allied trades. It contains a complete list of the fertilizer manufacturers of the United States, showing location and capacity with other information relating to the nature of their business; a classified directory of the allied fertilizer trades, a directory of the cottonseed oil mills, and a directory of the packers and renderers arranged by states. The book contains very complete statistics covering production, imports, consumption and prices of fertilizer ingredients for the past year, and the consumption of fertilizers by states for the years 1909 t o 1916 inclusive. In addition.there are a number of interesting articles pertaining t o different phases of the industry, which are of special interest a t the present time. As a reference book this volume is very valuable for those engaged in the fertilizer or allied industries, and the publishers are to be congratulated for the production of this valuable compilation. The book is printed on good paper, neatly bound and has a convenient thumb index. F. B. CARPENTER
Vol. 9 , No. 9
Manual for the Essence Industry. By ERICHWALTER. iii 427 pp., 32 figures. Price: Cloth, $4.00.
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John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1 p 6 .
This book is devoted to the explanation of the principles involved in transferring a n agreeable taste or flavor to beverages and certain foods, with a description of the methods of manufacture employed in this art. It embraces, therefore, a wide variety of subjects, including the raw materials from which the flavoring constituents are obtained, the methods of isolating the flavoring essence, and a description of the apparatus and methods used for this purpose. It also gives specific directions for manufacturing a great number of beverages, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, as well as the essences used in confectionery, cooking, and in cosmetics, and in addition the coloring matters used in foods and beverages are also discussed. As a large part of the book is devoted t o formulae, the descriptive part necessarily treats of the subjects discussed in quite a general manner so that the book is valuable rather on account of the breadth of its scope than the completeness with which any branch of the subject is treated. The work does not contain a bibliography or references to original sources of information so that it is adapted to the use of those who know little about the subject and not t o the student of a particular branch. P. C. MCILHINEY Laboratory Manual of Bituminous Materials. By PREVOST HUBBARD,Assoc. American Society Chemical Engineers; Chemical Engineer; Chief, Division of Road Material Tests and Research, Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering, 153 pp. United States Department of Agriculture. xi 7 tables and 39 illustrations. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Price, $1.50 net.
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Although the author states in the introduction that the “manual is primarily intended as a laboratory guide for the student of highway engineering,” the treatise will be found of value as a text for students in industrial chemistry, chemists in laboratories of companies manufacturing bituminous materials, and engineers and chemists connected with state, country and municipal highway departments. From the standpoint of the student of chemistry or highway engineering, the book covers concisely : classification and refining of all types of bituminous materials used in highway engineering; details of methods of making all of the tests usually employed for the determination of physical and chemical properties of oils, tars and asphalts; and a discussion of the limitations and interpretations of the results of tests. The highway chemist and engineer will find the manual of especial value in drafting specifications for bituminous materials t o be used in different methods of construction and maintenance, as the author has thoroughly presented and discussed the several groups of tests which should form t h e basis of such specifications. A careful study of P a r t I11 on “Characteristics of the More Important Bituminous Materials” should enable t h e highway engineer t o interpret specifications intelligently and t o correlate the results of the use of bituminous materials in order to advise those responsible for the drafting of specifications wherein the requirements should be modified in order t o secure the bituminous materials most suitable for the different types of construction and maintenance. The manual covers methods of testing, qualitative and quantitative analyses, and the apparatus used therewith, with such careful attention to detail and such clearness of presentation that students and instructors of highway engineering and industrial chemistry now have a t hand a n ideal textbook for their guidance. ARTHUR H. BLANCHARD
