BOOKS
Fluid Flow Effects Physicochemical
Hydrodynamics.
VENIAMIN G. LEVICH.
xvi
+
700
pages. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1962. $20. Re viewed by Dr. J. A. Quinn. Dr. Quinn is assistant professor of chemical engineering at the University of Illinois. "The systematic development of a new field of engineering science, small-scale fluid mechanics and transport phe nomena, including electrochemical as pects, is the theme of 'Physicochemical Hydrodynamics/ " This book is a translation from the Russian of the second edition of V. G. Levich's mon ograph on the subject. As used by the author, physicochemical hydrody namics refers to the aggregate of prob lems dealing with the effect of fluid flow on chemical or physicochemical transformations as well as the effect of physicochemical factors on fluid flow. A wide range of topics is covered, including convective diffusion in liq uids, motion of drops and bubbles in fluid media, wave motion and motion induced by capillarity, and an exten sive treatment of problems encoun tered in electrochemistry and electroanalytical chemistry. The original work presented in the book was carried out at the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., the Moscow Institute of En gineering Physics, and the Moscow State University. A parallel to this book does not ex ist in the western literature; moreover, much of the work presented here ap pears in print for the first time. To one unfamiliar with translations of the work of Levich and his collaborators this monograph will be most revealing. There are numerous original and basic contributions to a variety of classical chemical engineering problems, e.g., transport phenomena involving drop lets and bubbles. The book is clearly written and the material is developed rigorously from formulation to applica tion. Throughout, the mathematical analysis is coupled with incisive physi cal reasoning, and theory is compared with experiment. The translation is excellent, with the technical expression consistent with usage in this field. L, E. Scriven, along with several others active in this 64
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1963
field, edited the translation. Several notes of explanation inserted by the editors improve the text, and the trans lation of many of the literature cita tions is helpful. Each chapter is fol lowed by an extensive bibliography with the predominant references to the Russian literature. Unfortunately, the book does not have a subject index. The monograph is, to quote from the editor's foreword, "a testimonial to the fertility of interaction among related scientific disciplines." It is a prime addition to the chemical engi neering literature and it should be of value to anyone interested in physicochemical problems in flow systems.
Aging Time, Cells, and Aging. BERNARD L. STREHLER. χ + 270 pages. Aca demic Press, Inc., I l l Fifth Ave., New York 3, N.Y. 1962. Cloth, $5.00; paperbound, $2.95. Re viewed by Dr. Johan Bjorksten. Dr. Bjorksten is founder of the Bjork sten Research Foundation, which is devoted to the study of aging. The author states on page 12: "One of the chief objectives of aging re search is the description of the nature of the basic underlying changes in structure and function." Twenty pages later, he adds the objectives of assessing the relative importance of ag ing processes and the detailed specific mechanisms of their occurrence. In spite of this afterthought, the book is essentially enumerative. The author tries to describe—not to seek a path, not to explore, not to determine—basic causes or therapies. The result is a whirlpool of largely disconnected ob servation which revolves around the core of the matter without touching it. One of the reasons for this failure to strike at the core of the problems is a lack of thoroughness in the treatment of chemical aspects. Of ionizing radiation, the author says only that it "also promotes chem ical reactions" without going into the fission and cross-linking reactions, not to speak of more specific chemistry. When the author ventures into spe cific chemical statements, one has the impression that his reading has been confined to abstracts and more often,
perhaps, to the titles listed in Shock's "Classified Bibliography of Gerontol ogy and Geriatrics," a work which is more biologically than chemically ori ented. For example, on page 147 the au thor says: "Elastin is chemically a more poorly characterized substance than collagen," and cites in this con nection nothing more recent than Lan sing's work of 1955. W. T. Astbury's beautiful analysis of the valine content as a factor disrupting the crystallinity to produce elasticity, Czerkawski's re cent paper showing the cross-linkages in elastin to comprise sialic acid, and Mandl's work on elastase are not at all mentioned. In his discussion of the genetic theory of aging, the author makes no mention of the work of Henshaw or of the extensive work of P. Alexander, which culminated in the showing last spring that feeding a potent monofunctional mutagen to mice did not appreciably shorten the life span. In the field of insect aging, import ant because it makes possible rapid testing for aging factors, the presenta tion overemphasizes the author's own work, which to no small degree is a confirmation of the classical studies by Loeb and Northrup. In the section on arthropod aging, the work of Ludwig and co-workers on Tenebrio and by Rockstein on the housefly, Masca domestica, has not been mentioned. The omission of reference to Rock stein in this context is particularly un fortunate, as Rockstein gives the most precise and reproducible life tables on an invertebrate. There is a disproportion between the space (three lines) devoted to Lansing's classical work on nongenic cumulative aging in rotifers and the author's work on a colonial coelenterate (six pages). The author mentions the concept of cross-linking as a possible factor in ag ing, but the two references he cites do not mention cross-linking. The Bjork sten reference deals with an alto gether different subject, and the V. Ruzicka (1942) reference concerns a gelation of colloids due to changes in electrical charge, making the point that pH, expressing this charge, can be used as a measure of the extent of aging. These examples could b e much extended if space permitted. The value of the bibliography is limited by the fact that the author evidently has not always read the lit erature cited.
«asfc tT w .»· a
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and speeds weighing. The balance will operate accurately even in severely corrosive or dust-laden atmospheres. Taring through a 125 gram range is accomplished with a built-in knob on the side of the balance. By using the
second pan the balance can be made to tare up to 325 grams. Torsion's optical projection Model PL-1 offers a sharp image with a high degree of illumination for easy reading and an oil damper to speed up weighing.
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key to the system. Working on a patented pojarographic principle*, a silver anode and a gold cathode are separated from the sample by an oxygen-permeable membrane. Thus, the membrane prevents sensor contamination, yet permits oxygen to diffuse to the sensor for fast determinations-90% of response in less than ten seconds. A built-in thermistor compensates for temperature fluctuations. Readout is accomplished by one of two new Beckman devices : Beckman Model 777 Oxygen Analyzer
has a direct-reading meter plus recorder output, and translates sensor signal into convenient measurement units. Multiple ranges are expressed in per cent oxygen, mm. partial pressure, per cent air saturation, and parts per million dissolved oxygen. Features a line-operated, solidstate A.C. amplifier for drift-free performance. Especially designed for the modern laboratory, the Model 777 is attractively housed in a light-weight, corrosion-resistant, polypropylene case. Beckman Oxygen Adapter allows the Beckman Model 76 Expanded Scale pH Meter to function as an oxygen analyzer The Model 76 can then provide the same oxygen measurement ranges as the Model 777 with the same accuracy. The laboratory is thus equipped with a multi-purpose instrument readily convertible for either pH or oxygen measurements. Your Beckman dealer has full particulars on these exciting new laboratory oxygen measuring devices. Remember too, that Beckman has comparable process oxygen equipment. Ask him, or write for data file LO-13-163.
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The greatest shortcoming of the book, however, is innocence of chemi cal reasoning in a field where the path to the answers we need so obvi.ously lies in the chemical domain.
Solvolysis Review Solvolytic ANDREW
Displacement
Reactions.
STREITWIESER,
JR.
ix
+
214 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, N.Y. 1962. $5.00. Reviewed by Dr. Paul D. Bartlett. Dr. Bartlett is Erving Professor of Chemistry at Harvard and fellow of the American Academy of Stereochem istry. This is a reprinting and updating of a 1956 Chemical Reviews article. The review was critical and vigorous and its 703 references offered a time-saving plunge deep into the original litera ture. With a 22-page supplement and 107 additional references the author has now summarized a number of sig nificant developments of subsequent years, including 1961. The subject index is also a very useful addition. New topics include, among others, the Winstein special salt effect, isotope effects in solvolysis, results on gasphase ionizations, and the pi route to bridged carbonium ions. Organic chemists with an estab lished interest in solvolysis will wel come the improved convenience of the Streitwieser review in its new form. Any who have wondered at the mag nitude of effort expended in this field will find the book a reliable guide to the questions which have led to so much work.
BRIEFS Mass Spectral Correlations is the title of No. 40 in the Advances in Chemis try Series. The author is Fred W. McLafferty of Dow Chemical. The 117-page paperback tabulates empiri cal and structural formulas of ions that might be found at a particular m/e in a mass spectrum, plus an indication of how each such ion might have arisen. The book is available from Special Is sues Sales, ACS, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D.C.
National Federation of Science Ab stracting and Indexing Services ( NFSAIS ) has under discussion a pro
posed plan for meeting the coming need for expanded abstracting and in dexing facilities in every branch of sci ence. The plan, which was drawn up by Robert Heller & Associates, calls for the present 18 discipline-oriented U.S. services to set up a new organiza tion which could consolidate some of the services and implement others, avoiding duplication and increasing the coverage manyfold.
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCT FROM SHELL CHEMICAL
Acrolein dimer is 3 ways reactive
NEW BOOKS Advances in Chemical Physics. Vol. V. I. PRIGOGINE, editor, ix -j- 410 pages. Interscience Publishers, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York 16, N.Y. 1963. $16.50. Various chapters, rather than merely at tempting to review literature in the field, present ideas of experts on their par ticular specialties. Biochemical
in
Frontiers
Medicine.
-CHO 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxaldehyde
χ -f- 364 pages.
A C R O L E I N D I M E R offers a u n i q u e
Medical Book Dept., Little, Brown & Co., Boston 6, Mass. 1963. $12.50. Translates recent advances in human bio chemistry into terms the clinician can understand.
i ~ l combination of cyclic vinyl ether, reactive carbonyl group and cleavable ring. T h e double bond and carbonyl group can be reacted simultaneously or independently to form a variety of pyran derivatives. And the ring can be broken by hydrolysis to form openchain derivatives.
HARRIS BUSCH, editor,
Biochemistry: An Introduction. P. H. JELLINCK. viii -f 308 pages. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 383 Madi son Ave., New York 17, N.Y. 1963. $6.00. An up-to-date work at elementary level designed for those not intending to spe cialize in the field.
Typical reactions
Cahiers de Synthèse Organique. Vol. X. 21. Heterocyclisation Bimoleculaire. JEAN
MATHIEU,
JACQUES VALLS. ie
ANDRE
H+
ALLAIS,
560 pages.
Masson
et C 120, Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris VIe, France. 1962. 180 F.
Chemische Unkrautbekampfung. KURTH.
xii
+
302
HEINZ
pages.
VEB
Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, Villengang 2 / Postschliessfach Nr. 176, Germany. 1963. 25.50 DM. Chromatographic Analysis. 336 pages. Butterworth, Inc., 7235 Wisconsin Ave., Washington 14, D.C. 1963. $12. Discussions held in 1949 by the Faraday Society, papers of which are acknowledged as classic, reprinted in response to demand. Elementary Quantitative Analysis. Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. W. J. BLAEDEL, V. W. MELOCHE.
xi -f
964
pages. Harper & Row, 49 East 33rd St., New York 16, N.Y. 1963. $9.60. Suitable as text for a beginning course in inorganic quantitative analysis in the sophomore year. Froth Flotation. ume.
50th Anniversary Vol-
D. W. FUERSTENEAU,
editor.
677 pages. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc., 29 West 39th St., New York 18, N.Y. 1962. AIME members $10; nonmembers $14; plus 50 cents outside U.S.A. Presents the state of flotation science and technology at the end of its first halfcentury.
Properties Appearance Boiling Point Solubility
Colorless, mobile liquid 88°C at 100 mm Miscible with acetone and toluene; miscible and reacts with water.
For product literature and a sample, write to: Product Development Department, Industrial Chemicals Division, Shell Chemical Co., 110 West 51st St., New York 20, N.Y.
Shell Chemical Company ndustrial Chemicals Division
I f i . I (SHELL) I
bv'V/
J U N E 10, 1963 C&EN
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