Brewpub and Brewery Operations - ACS Symposium Series (ACS

Chapter 8

Brewpub and Brewery Operations Mixing Science and Business

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Nathan R. McElroy,*,1 William E. Dietrich Jr.,2 and Thomas Van Dyke3 1Department

of Chemistry, 143 Weyandt Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705 2Department of Biology, 114 Weyandt Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705 3Department of Hospitality Management, 10 Ackerman Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705 *E-mail: [email protected].

The 400-level course Brewpub and Brewery Operations was created in 2006 and offered between 2006-2013 by the Department of Hospitality Management at Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP). The class was open to any IUP student, faculty, or staff, provided that the student was 21 years old. Course components included lectures on brewing processes and responsible alcohol service issues, a one-day brewing laboratory session, field trips to regional brewing facilities, and a brewery design feasibility project. Students were assessed by their performance on multiple journal entries, quizzes, a group project report, a beer-food pairing, and a final exam. Course components, instructor reflections, and future directions are described.

Introduction In recent years, several universities have offered a range of beer- and/or brewing-related courses (1–9), short courses (10–13), and degrees or certifications (12, 14–20). College classes vary from freshman introductory chemistry © 2015 American Chemical Society In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


courses that fulfill a General Education or Liberal Studies science component, to upper-level advanced brewing courses that involve beer brewing and tasting. Courses have been delivered in several different departments, including Chemistry (1–3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 21), Food and Nutrition or Food Science (4, 7, 8), Hospitality Management (13, 20), and Biology (2). Specialized degrees or certification programs have been offered for years at UC Davis (12) and The Siebel Institute (17). The growth of the craft beer industry in the U.S. has spurred interest and demand for such programs, and potential students for these programs may wait over a year before being admitted. Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) is the second largest University in the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PaSSHE). Located in the town of Indiana, the seat of Indiana County, IUP serves almost 15,000 graduate and undergraduate students in 136 undergraduate, 57 masters, and 11 doctoral programs. The purpose of the Brewpub and Brewery Management course was to provide a general elective for upperclassmen that would harness the interest and enthusiasm of students for beer to learn topics related to beer production, service, and ancillary areas. Though the course was offered exclusively in the Department of Hospitality Management (HRIM) (22), students from any major (and faculty/staff) were encouraged to enroll. There were no course prerequisites that required previous HRIM or other majors’ courses, though each course attendee was required to be 21 years of age by the first day of class. Included in the course was a one-day practical experience in the beer brewing process, science and business lectures related to the brewing process and brewing industry, beer styles lectures with related tasting sessions, a food-beer pairing exercise, and a group project. The lectures were geared towards a diverse student audience in order to provide a broad spectrum of topics related to the beer industry. The group project was the design of a new brewery or brewpub based on the information attained during the course, including brewing equipment needs and cost, restaurant needs and cost, licensure, marketing, real estate location, demographic studies, and personnel issues. Groups were assigned to maximize the diversity of student majors on each project team, with the expectation that a more robust feasibility study and creative approach would be seen from their skill sets and knowledge bases than had a single major been represented in a group.

History of the Course Creation This course originated as “guest lectures” by Dr. William Dietrich (Biology), an experienced home brewer, for the course HRIM 402, Beverage Management, that was taught by Dr. Thomas Van Dyke. Because of the time constraints imposed by a regular semester schedule, the scope of these guest lectures was limited and confined to three sessions: 1) the brewing process, 2) bottling and beer styles, and 3) a final tasting activity.

98 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


In HRIM 402, three to five student volunteers were recruited to help with the making of a single batch of beer using malt extract and grain adjuncts on the afternoon before the class met for the first guest lecture on the brewing process. During that lecture, Dr. Dietrich and his student volunteers described what they had done during the brewing process on the previous day, including the brewing steps and relevant biochemical processes that were occurring during brewing and fermentation. Later in the semester, all of the students helped to bottle the beer (wine was also produced and was bottled at this time). Lecture time in this session was given over to the types and styles of beer from around the world and relating it to the brewing process. The final class meeting was dedicated to a review of the course material, and a tasting of the beer produced in class and of others provided by the instructors. Students and instructors prepared a food item to bring to the tasting that would complement the beer produced. Drs. Van Dyke and Dietrich noted that expanding what was done in the Beverage Management course could make an interesting elective. As a result, a syllabus for a general university elective was written, submitted and approved as a three-credit “481 course”, a designation that indicates it was “experimental”. The design of the expanded course included brewing, visits to brewpubs and breweries, responsible service training, lectures by a Prevention Specialist on alcohol abuse, and training by Pennsylvania Liquor Control Enforcement (PLCE) officers. In order to provide all of the requisite experience for the course topics, two instructors – a scientist and a hospitality management professor – were required to teach the course. The capstone of the course was a project by groups of three to four students that would result in presentations describing a new brewpub that might attract potential investors. This project included potential locations, theme and design, types of beers, cost estimates of brewing and kitchen equipment, building, and food, and legal considerations. The students would use that information which was learned in this intensive course and, simultaneously, learn to share work and knowledge from their respective majors. The course was advertised campus-wide as a general elective through flyers, student newspaper ads, and cafeteria table tents. Students were required to be 21 years of age by the first day of class, but there were no other prerequisites with regards to major area of study or other HRIM or science courses. The course was presented during the three-week May intersession between the spring semester and the summer sessions in an effort to recruit a wider demographic of the student population. During the second week, students were taken on field trips to local brewpubs, breweries, and related businesses. To avoid legal issues, students were transported in IUP vans, each holding 12 passengers. With two faculty drivers, this limited the course participation to a maximum of 22 students. The course was first presented by Drs. Van Dyke and Dietrich in 2006 with an enrollment of 15 students and again in 2007 with 16 students enrolled. The course was offered by Drs. Van Dyke and McElroy in 2009 with 15 students enrolled. The course was repeatedly offered during the May intersession until 2013. Low enrollments, however, prevented the course from being approved at the College level during those times. 99 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

Course Components


Beer Brewing Lab On the first day of the course, students and faculty participated in a beer brewing session in the kitchen of Ackerman Hall on the IUP campus. Ackerman Hall houses the Hospitality Management (HRIM) and Food & Nutrition (FDNT) departments. In addition to faculty offices and instructional classrooms, the building contains a professional kitchen and dining room where students can experience food service and related activities in their coursework. Prior to the first day of class, all students were contacted by email to inform them of the proper dress code for working in the kitchen area. Course participants were required to wear long pants, hard-soled shoes, and a hat. Faculty prepared for the brewing demonstration by purchasing raw ingredients at a local homebrew shop for making the beer and by supplying their personal home brewing equipment for use in the kitchen during the demonstration. A typical equipment list for brewing 5-gallon batches of beer can be found in most homebrewing books such as Papazian (23), Palmer (24), Goldammer (25), and Noonan (26). The students were divided into two working groups. Half of the students worked with one instructor to brew a 5-gallon batch of an ale; the other group worked with a second instructor to brew a 5-gallon batch of a ‘lager’. The lager was not a true lager in the sense that it was not matured at colder temperatures. However, the wort was fermented with lager yeast so that students could appreciate the differences in fermentation and final product. The procedures for making a 5-gallon batch of homebrew with malt extract and specialty grains can be found in most homebrewing books, such as those listed above. Each instructor guided their respective group through the brewing process while explaining the reasons behind each step, and the same steps were taken by each group. Chemistry and Biochemistry Lectures During the first week of the course, several lectures were delivered in a traditional classroom setting that covered a host of brewing topics, ranging from a brief history of beer and brewing to the brewing process to the chemistry and biochemistry of key brewing components and processes.

Lecture 1: The History of Beer and Brewing A short lecture describing the milestones of beer history was presented. Certainly, beer is woven into the fabric of modern society from its ancient roots. Beer, after all, is nothing more than a water solution of sugars, derived from grains that is spiced and then fermented by microorganisms, not too dissimilar from wine or mead. Modern archeological techniques have come to bear on its origins somewhere in Africa, China or Mesopotamia about 6,000-7,000 years 100 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


ago. The importance of beer in early societies was as food, payment, and as a religious prop (27). After the advent of agriculture, milestones such as the introduction of hops in Europe in the late Middle Ages, the advent of lagers, Pasteur’s discovery of yeast, and the German Purity Law were introduced. A discussion on the variation of beer styles in different parts of Europe illustrated how different ingredients can be derived from very similar processes yet produce drastically different final products because of terroir and water chemistry profiles. Finally, “Beer in America” was covered from the ales of the Revolution and the lagers of German immigrant culture, to industrial breweries and finally the craft brewing revolution.

Lectures 2−5: The Brewing Process and Beer Ingredients These presentations were designed to describe each key brewing step and to reinforce and further explain the steps that the students took during the first day of class. Topics included: • • • • • • • • • • •

Malting and the various grains used in brewing Water and brewing water chemistry Hops Yeast Milling of grains Wort production, including mashing and sparging Wort boiling and hopping Wort chilling and clarification Fermentation, both primary and secondary Bottling and kegging, storage Serving

The bulk of the science in this class was presented over the next two and a half days in lectures about beer, beer ingredients, the and brewing processes used by both homebrewers and commercial brewery operations. First, the four main brewing ingredients were discussed, including key chemical and biological information. The process of malting barley was described, requiring treatment of the chemical structure of sugars and the polymer starch. The action and specificity of enzymes was introduced in the breakdown of starch to sugars and limit dextrins by amylases. The sensitivity of these reactions to their environment allowed the instructors to bring the importance of water into the discussion; pH, mineral composition and temperature were related to enzyme activity in the mashing and lautering process. Isomerization, extraction and other chemical changes were brought into the discussion when hops were introduced. Finally, the primary metabolism of yeast was introduced as a way of capitalizing on those considerations and phenomena already discussed. Consequently, when the linear process of beer brewing was described, the reactions were “reviewed” in the context that was the theme of the course. Different styles of beer could be attained by alterations in conditions and ingredients. 101 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

Beer descriptors such as ABV (alcohol by volume), degrees Lovibond (°L) and Standard Reference Method (SRM) for color, and IBU (international bittering units) were described while reviewing composition and process in a section called “beer by the numbers”. These parameters are relevant to what the students sense when they taste beer. Finally, anyone who has paid attention to modern beer in the U.S. knows that many beers contain other ingredients such as sugars, spices, and fruit. These are added at appropriate times to augment or add flavors already in the beer.


HRIM Lectures The topic of beer styles was introduced as a discussion of the types of beer students like. Most students were familiar with and had preferences for at least two or three styles of beer, such as pale lagers, stouts, and light beer. Several other styles of beer were introduced through in-class tastings, such as porters, German wheat beers, India pale ales, and Belgian-style ales. All of the styles discussed were related to history of beer, ingredients and processes of the specific regions where the styles originated. The “Beeriodic Table” (28) and the flavor wheel (29) were introduced during this topic as students considered what was sensed during beer tasting. The class also discussed the question of whether or not there was a true American beer style. A video presentation on “beer clean” glasses was shown, highlighting the importance of and methods for providing clean glassware in which to serve beer. Dr. Van Dyke provided lectures in class regarding several issues related to operating an establishment that serves alcohol. Topics included business liability and other legal issues of running a brewpub in Pennsylvania, proper alcohol service, care of the product such as proper storage, cleanliness of beer lines and glassware. Methods for increasing alcohol sales, and employee and customer issues that arise when having alcohol present at the workplace were addressed. Pennsylvania offers training for retail operators that serve alcoholic beverages. The Responsible Alcohol Management Program (RAMP) (30) is conducted by a certified trainer (Dr. Van Dyke), who is approved by the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (PLCB). The students received a minimum of three hours of training, including a discussion of the chemical components of alcohol and how they effect the brain, absorption rate factors, signs of the levels of intoxication, measures of intoxication (visible and blood alcohol content), drink equivalences, refusing service, minors and the law, carding persons, acceptable identifications, fake identifications, proof of carding, liabilities (administrative, criminal, civil), and incident documentation forms. A state-approved examination was given at the end of the training. Students who scored 80% or better on the exam received a certification of training card that is valid for two years. Field Trips During the second week of the course, four days were dedicated to field trips to local breweries and related establishments. For each trip, two university vans were used, each capable of carrying 11 passengers plus a faculty driver. Two months 102 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

prior to the course start date, local breweries were contacted via mail or phone. The brewers were informed about the nature of the course and how they could assist the students by hosting a field trip tour and brief Q&A session. The majority of brewers and/or establishments who were contacted enthusiastically accomodated our visits.


Day 1: Split Field Trip Due to the tour capacity and distance from campus of two of the breweries involved, the class was split into two groups in order to visit two different sets of breweries. In previous years, different establishments were visited – the most recent are described below as an example of the diversity of the students’ experiences. Group 1 traveled first to Marzoni’s Brick Oven & Brewery in Duncansville, PA, followed by Otto’s Pub & Brewery in State College, PA. At Marzoni’s, the group met head brewer Bill Kroft at 10am for a brewing demonstration on a 7barrel (bbl) system. Students were given a tour of the brewhouse, the fermentation room, and shown the kegging system. Mr. Kroft explained his brewing process, including sanitation and the serving system at the bar area of the brewpub. He allowed students to rake spent grain from the lauter tun and explained how local farmers collected the spent grain as silage for their cattle. Group 1 then traveled to State College, PA for a lunch at Otto’s Pub & Brewery, followed by a tour of the brewery and bottling line. In addition to beer, Otto’s also makes root beer for in-house service. Group 2 traveled first to Red Star Brewing Company in Greensburg, PA. There, they were allowed to watch beer brewing by head brewer Jeff Guidos in their 7-bbl brewhouse. Following this tour, the group then traveled to Rock Bottom Brewing in Pittsburgh, PA for lunch and a brewery tour.

Day 2: Pittsburgh On the second day, all students traveled to Pittsburgh to visit a large bottle shop, a Belgian-themed pub, and a microbrewery. The choice of locales was intended to show students some difference methods by which craft beer was produced and/or distributed. D’s Six Pax & Dogz is a large craft beer store that specializes in craft and rarer import beers that are available for sale in single bottles, which in the mid-2000’s was rarer in Pennsylvania than at present because of the alcohol sales laws at the time. Most of the students had only experienced package stores that were limited to sales of cases of beer or six-packs. The second stop was for lunch at the Sharp Edge Brasserie, a gastropub focused on Belgian cuisine and beer. After lunch, the group was given a tour by beverage manager Hart Johnson, who showed students their comprehensive 40-tap, anti-foaming serving setup. He explained the precautions taken to provide the freshest quality product. 103 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

The third and final stop for this trip was a visit to East End Brewing Company, a microbrewery established in 2005 by Scott Smith. At the brewery, Mr. Smith provided a tour of the brewery, had students taste and smell brewing ingredients while explaining his brewing processes, and provided samples of his current beers for sale in growlers. In addition to the field trip, students were invited but not required to attend the monthly meeting of the Indiana Pennsylvania Alemiths (IPAs) homebrew club that evening at a local restaurant in Indiana.


Day 3: Pittsburgh On the third day of field trips, the students traveled again to Pittsburgh to visit two different brewpubs. The class first visited the Hofbräuhaus, whose Pittsburgh location was established in spring 2009. Student enjoyed lunch inside this German beer hall, followed by a brewery tour and presentation by head brewer Eckhard Kurbjuhn. The second trip was to the Church Brew Works. Established in 1996, this brewpub is housed in the former St. John the Baptist Catholic church, with the brewhouse situated on the former altar. Brewmaster Brant Dubovick provided a tour of the brewery, maturation and storage areas, and their yeast lab.

Day 4: Monroeville On the final day of field trips, the class traveled to Monroeville, an eastern suburb of Pittsburgh, to visit Rivertowne Pour House, a brewpub established in 2009. Brewmaster Andrew Maxwell and assistant brewer Barrett Goddard provided a tour of the facility, then Mr. Maxwell gave a one-hour presentation during lunch which described all of his trials in starting the brewery. He provided his experiences and advice for establishing recipes, corresponding food menus, expenses and equipment, and personnel issues.

Guest Speakers During the course, two guest speakers were brought into the classroom to address specific areas of responsible alcohol service. The first presentation was given by representatives of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Enforcement (PLCE). These officers described the laws regarding alcoholic beverage service, including topics such as: checking identification, refusal of service, and liabilities of establishment owners with regard to the law. The second presenter was a Certified Preventative Specialist with the Armstrong-Indiana County Intermediate Unit (ARIN IU). The speaker dealt with topics related to alcohol abuse and its effects on families. Thus, the social responsibilities of alcohol service, and hence the brewing industry, were emphasized. 104 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

Feasibility Study Groups of 3-4 students were assigned so as to maximize the diversity of majors, including hospitality management, chemistry, culinary arts, geoscience, and business. Each group was assigned the tasks of researching and creating a fictional brewpub or brewery in Pennsylvania and giving an oral presenation of this creation. This project was intended to involve students in critical thinking. Groups were evaluated on both the professionalism and rigor of the written and oral reports and the creativity of the brewery/brewpub. Areas of research and creation for the project included:


•

• •

•

• •

•

Suitable location – groups chose a specific town in Pennsylvania and searched local real estate options for lease or sale; in addition to a building or development site, groups also researched basic demographic data such as population, median age and income of population, and competing businesses. Cost analysis – groups were required to create a realistic budget and search for brewing equipment, related supplies, ingredients, and utilities. Licensure – groups were responsible for searching the availability of alcohol licenses in the county for which they planned to build their business. Students were directed to the online Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board Search System (31). Employees – groups were asked to budget for a core staff for their business and justify their choices. For example, those choosing to build a brewpub looked at a brewer, a chef, and a manager. Theme – groups were asked to create a unique theme for their brewery or brewpub. Beers – groups were responsible for choosing 4-5 beer styles, including a flagship product, that they felt would sell well for their target demographic and compete with local products. Students were also asked to come up with creative names for their beers that would fit in with the theme of their business. Menu – for those groups creating a brewpub, students were required to create a simple menu of signature dishes that would pair well with their chosen beer styles and fit in with their chosen brewpub theme.

In addition to working on the project outside of class, one class period was dedicated as a group working session in a computer lab so that students could be shown relevant websites for license (31) and real estate searches, demographic data (32), and distributors of brewing equipment and ingredients (33).


Student Evaluation The students were evaluated on the basis of the following: • •

•


• •

Attendance – attendance was required for all lectures and field trips. Journals – all students were required to keep a journal during the field trips in which they described each of the businesses they visited, notes on the brewers, and reflections on their experiences. Final exam – a comprehensive final exam was given on the last day of class, covering the instructor lectures, beer brewing lab, guest lectures, and materials provided during the course. Group project – an oral (PowerPoint) report was presented by each group on their fictional brewery or brewpub. Food-beer pairing – each student was required to provide a food dish on the final day of class to be paired with either the ale or the lager brewed on the first day of class. Each student provided a recipe and a brief justification for their choice.

Instructor Reflections Student Demographics The majority of students who registered for the course (whether it ran or not) were majors from the Department of Hospitality Management or IUP’s Culinary Institute. However, other majors included Geoscience, Chemistry, Biology, Business, and English. Although the course content would be most applicable to students in the service industry, inclusion of other majors provided a more rich learning experience because of the different perspectives and experiences with beer and brewing of the participants. The majority of students were undergraduate upperclassmen. A few graduate students and faculty also participated in the class. There were a handful of students who were already brewing at home, though the majority had no brewing experience prior to the class. Examples of Student Projects One of the more rewarding aspects of teaching this course was to see the creative concepts of the student groups for their feasibility study project. The diversity of the student groups in terms of age, experience, and major provided a rich learning and collaborative environment. The depth of background research and creativity for designing a fictional business was impressive. A few of these examples included: •

WaterWorks Pub and Brew House – an authentic English pub experience set in an upper-middle class retail area in suburban Pittsburgh. Their goal was to focus on retail patrons, local families, and commuters by providing 106 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


•

•

•

traditional English pub fare and brewed-on-premise ales with a tie-in to local place names. The group provided their start-up costs for a 10-bbl system and key personnel, provided a menu and beer list, and required per-patron charges needed to maintain their operations and overhead. The Beer Loft – a neighborhood brewpub in Pittsburgh with an artistic theme. The group created a sample menu and beer list that incorporated famous and local artist names (e.g. IPAcasso, Raphe-Ale, Warhol Wings). In addition to showcasing works of local artists, they included the idea of a wall inside the pub for local artists to use as a canvas that would change every quarter. They also included plans for the donation of unused food and a percentage of profits to local food banks and homeless shelters. Cinema 5 Pub & Brewery – a brewpub set in an existing movie theater in State College, PA. The group envisioned a stadium-style seating arrangement, expanded to include tables, from which patrons could watch one of three different movie presentations during dinner. The menu and beer selections reflected the Hollywood theme (e.g. Brave Hart’s Scotch Ale, Red Hot Stuffed Chili Peppers, One Flew Over the Chicken Breast), as did the lobby and dining area décor. Wilchakas Brew Factory – a microbrewery located in York, PA. This group focused their attention on creating a brewery rather than a pub, and provided detailed information on their proposed building, brewing and packaging equipment, and local demographics. Their beer names reflected places and personalities from the York area, and they provided a comprehensive marketing strategy for their brewery (e.g. billboards and print media, growler sales, and tastings).

Advantages and Disadvantages to the Course Format and Delivery Students from a variety of the Colleges in the university took this course. While the number of science majors, specifically chemistry and biochemistry, was virtually non-existent when compared with hospitality and business majors, their interaction in designing a brewpub/brewery was good to see. The presentations and written papers showed that they were indeed learning from one another. Teaching the course in the Intersession had both advantages and disadvantages. The time of year was good for visiting breweries and for obtaining transportation. Students, however, seemed weary at the end of the academic year and needed prodding to do the work. The topic of the course seemed to be of concern to the parents, who were leery of a course about beer, while the students had a strong interest in the topic. Fortunately, some graduate students and professors took the course, and their maturity allowed them to lead undergraduates during the project phase.


Future Directions


Undergraduate Course Opportunities At present, no faculty member in Hospitality Management has offered HRIM 481 since the time of Dr. Van Dyke’s retirement. Drs. Van Dyke and McElroy created an alternate regular course, HRIM 404, which was an expanded, six-credit Brewery Operations course with additional focus on the marketing and service components of a brewpub or brewery. This course was approved by the University Senate in 2012 and first offered in summer 2013, but was cancelled due to low enrollment. We expect that HRIM 404 or a variant of HRIM 481 will again be offered in the near future by one of the newer HRIM faculty members. There is no doubt that using brewing to interest non-science majors in science can lead to a popular undergraduate general education science course (2, 21, 34, 35). Such a course is a common requirement (100 level) of the General Education or Liberal Studies Curriculum and is usually fulfilled by General Biology or Physical Science (a mixture of Physics and Chemistry). In recent years, several universities have offered similar courses with varying degrees of alcohol-related activities depending upon the laws of a particular state. Nonetheless, allowing students to see science in a context of a business or application is a topic near and dear to the undergraduate heart that would draw them in, and sparking an interest in science often occurs in the context of an application. In summer 2015, Dr. McElroy will offer CHEM 281 – The Chemistry of Beer as a three-credit, non-laboratory science elective. The course will focus on advanced general and basic organic chemistry, and basic analytical methods focused on beer and the brewing process. There will not be a brewing or tasting component to this course, thus there will be no age restrictions. In order to facilitate more meaningful chemistry content delivery, students must have completed a freshman two-semester chemistry course as a prerequisite. Graduate Course and Internship Opportunities At IUP, graduate (M.S. level) curricula in biology and chemistry may benefit from either an elective course in brewing science or possible available internships at local breweries. Previously, the Biology Department had a course in Industrial Microbiology in which beer was brewed, and currently the Chemistry Department has a Professional Science Masters in Industrial and Applied Chemistry. One requirement of the PSM degree is an industrial internship, an opportunity that local breweries may be able to provide.

List of Course Resources The following resources were used in the creation and delivery of course content. Resources marked with an asterisk (*) were from the personal libraries of the instructors and were placed on reserve at IUP’s Stapleton Library for the students’ use. 108 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.


Books Bamforth, C. Standards of Brewing: A Practical Approach to Consistency and Excellence; Brewers Publications: Boulder, CO, 2002; ISBN: 978-0937381793 *Bamforth, C. Beer: Tap Into the Art and Science of Brewing; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, 2003; ISBN: 978-0195305425 The Brewers Association’s Guide to Starting Your Own Brewery; Daniels, R., Ed.; Brewers Publications: Boulder, CO, 2007; ISBN: 978-0937381892 *Calagione, S. Brewing Up a Business; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2005; ISBN: 978-0470942314 *Daniels, R. Designing Great Beers; Brewers Publications: Boulder, CO, 1998; ISBN: 978-0937381502 Fix, G. Principles of Brewing Science; Brewers Publications: Boulder, CO, 1999; ISBN: 978-0937381748 *Goldammer, T. The Brewers Handbook; Apex Publishers: Clifton, VA, 2008; ISBN: 978-0967521237 Hindy, S. and Potter, T. Beer School; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2005; ISBN: 9780470068670 *Janson, L. W. Brew Chem 101: The Basics of Homebrewing Chemistry; Storey Comm.: Pownal, VT, 1996; ISBN: 978-0882669403 Lewis, M. J. and Young, T. W. Brewing; Chapman & Hall: London, 1995; ISBN: 978-0306472749 Ogle, M. Ambitious Brew: The Story of American Beer; Harcourt: New York, NY, 2006; ISBN: 978-0156033596 *Papazian, C. The Complete Joy of Homebrewing, 3rd ed.; HarperCollins: New York, NY, 2003; ISBN: 978-0060531058 Smith, G. Beer: A History of Suds and Civilization; HarperCollins: New York, NY, 1991; ISBN: 978-0380780518 Smith, G. Beer in America: The Early Years 1587-1840; Brewers Publications: Boulder, CO, 1995; ISBN: 978-0937381656

Websites American Homebrewers Association (www.homebrewersassociation.org) Beer Judge Certification Program (www.bjcp.org) Brewers Association (www.brewersassociation.org) Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board (www.lcb.state.pa.us) RateBeer (www.ratebeer.com)

Journals and Periodicals Journal of American Society of Brewing Chemists Brew Your Own Zymurgy 109 In Ethanol and Education: Alcohol as a Theme for Teaching Chemistry; Barth, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2015.

Acknowledgments The success of HRIM 481 relies on participation and cooperation of many others. The authors wish to thank the staff of: Church Brew Works, D’s Six Pax and Dogz, East End Brewing Company, Hobfräuhaus Pittsburgh, Marzoni’s Brick Oven & Brewing, North Country Brewing Company, Otto’s Pub and Brewery, Red Star Brewing Company, Rivertowne Pour House, Rock Bottom Pittsburgh, Sharp Edge Brasserie, and The Coney; Linda Chicka of ARIN-IU; PLCE Officer Sgt. James Jones; Tom Montgomery of Montgomery Underground Winery; and David Juart.


References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Brewpub and Brewery Operations - ACS Symposium Series (ACS

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