September
20, 1924
INDUSTRIAL
AND ENGINEERING
(Continued from page 7) T. E . Layng and W. S. Hathorne presented two papers both o f which were of considerable interest. The papers were: "The Determination of the Temperatures of Plasticity, Maximum "Pressures and Solidification of Coking Coals," and "An Exam ination of the Methods of Analysis of Fuel Gas." Mr. Layng explained results of their work on softening point of coal, pointing o u t the possibility of assistance in identifying coal seams and that there i s need of considerably more data on the various kinds of coals. For fuel gas analysis, a slightly acidulated solution of zinc gave best results. H. J . Rose and G. G. Desy presented a paper giving compo sition o f the volatile matter obtainable from coke, pointing out t h e relation t o coking temperature. F. W . Steere presented a paper on the present trend of the manufactured gas industry. N. H . Memory presented a paper on Continuous Vertical Retorts. E. C . Freeland read an interesting paper on the Use of Alcohol and Alcohol Ether Mixtures as Motor Fuels, giving results of tests under operating conditions. S. W . Parr presented a table of recalculated values for density of carbon dioxide. S. W . Parr and J. D . Davis pointed out the results of their investigations of factors affecting the storage of coal and spon taneous combustion, and the former also pointed out the rules and methods to be followed in the successful storage of coal. N. R. Beagle gave results of storing large quantities of the Mid west coals. It was pointed out that by observing certain rules and procedures, coals may be successfully stored without danger of heating. It w a s decided t o petition for another meeting of the Gas and Fuel Section to be held at Baltimore in the Spring of 1925.
CHEMISTRY
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The luncheon for cellulose chemists arranged b y Dr. Harold Hibbert in connection with the Ithaca meeting was held in Risley Hall on September 11 with sixty men present. Charles L. Reese presided. Principal J. C. Irvine of St. Andrews spoke on this occasion, mentioning some of the ways in which Cornell University reminded him of his own more ancient university at St. Andrews, founded some five hundred years ago during one of the most difficult periods in Scottish history. He specially emphasized the courage required t o establish places of learning in locations quite remote from the large cities and the advantages of such policy. In respect to research in cellulose he gave it as his opinion that this work had been undertaken thus far in too light-hearted a manner, plunging in before enough was known of the structure of cellulose compounds which must be understood before cellulose research can be undertaken. For example, before cellulose can be understood there is a great deal of work to be done upon car bohydrates and preliminary to this work research is required upon the simple hydroxy compounds. When we know the chem.stry of the hydroxy compounds, we can then proceed to the chemistry of the carbohydrates, which is the gateway to the chemistry o f cellulose. He spoke at some length of the excellent work being done by the British Cotton Research Association and concluded his remarks with interesting reference t o work carried out during the war under his auspices upon the manu facture of inulin from dahlia tubers.
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