book reviews by Caulson or Syrkin and Dyatkina. Thus, since the hook does unify material from different fields, an appealing possibility would be to use this hook as a oneaemester text in a junior level course in Z-X restructured chemistry curriculum.
E. MILI~ER LAYTON, JR. Colorado College Colorado Springs, 80903
Chemical Dynamics
Joseph B. Dence, Harry B. Gray, and George S. Hammond, all of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California. W. A. Benjamin, Inc., New York, 1968. xii 186 pp. Figs. and tables. 14 X 21 em. $8, cloth; S2.95, paper.
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Among the many ~~nfortunate tendencies abroad in the land today is that of using the title "Chemical Dynamics" to sanctify almost any endeavor in which a. particular chemist happens to be interested s t the time. This book is a ease in point. The object of the book is to give a systematic treatment of chemical reactions and reactivity suitable for a. freshman course. What we have, though, is a collection of such topics a3 acid ionization equilibria, descriptive chemistry, organic reactivity correlations, and ligand suhstit,ution reactions, re-
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flecting the tastes of the individual authors. Discussion of the basic collision dynamics of chemical reactions is relegated to an appendix, under the tit,le Frontier Areas. Perhaps it is this neglect of basic concepts in fwbr of currently fashionable topics which has led t,o a number of errors in the text,. The one which may cause t,he most trouble to students in their later work is s. pervasive confusion hetween kinetic and equilibrium thermodynamic propert,ies. There is, of course, an intimate relationship between eqnilihrium and kinetic properties, but on a much deeper level than the Swain-Scott Equation (Chapter 13) -namely, that. t,he &tionmy states which describe a chemical system a t equilibrium form the basis for the description of the timedependent properties, such as probability of reaction. Naturally, this relat,ionship will manifest itself as various sorts of reactivity correlittions. However, a t the beginning level especially, it is more important to make clear the distinction between equilibria and rates than to lay stress on these correlations. Among other errors, we may note that the standard 'state of hydrogen a t 298°K is gaseous, not solid (p. 35). Chapter 6, which should give an important link between elementary processes end phenomenological kinetics, contains many misstatement,^. For example, the trsnsformat,ion from beam scattering data t o cross sections is the same in hot,h quantum and classical mechanics, so there is no
"choice" to be made, as stated on p. 48; furthermore, classical mechanics remains valid for systems other than hard spheres. I n t,he discussion of unimolecnlm reactions (p. 52), rotational and electronic energy should not he included as avsihhle for bond dissociation, and translational energy can hardly he "ahsorhed" by an isolated molecule. There is very little coordination between this chapter and section 15-1, in which molecular beam dynamics are discussed. For example, no distinction is made between total cross section (p. 48) and differential cross section (p. 158). In the latter section, a crucial factor of 2sb is missing in Eq. (15-9) the wrong area is shaded under the curve in Fig. 15-7 (b), and t,he use of the elastic cross section for xenon t,o find the reactive cross section far methyl iodide [Eq. (15-8)) is simply not done in practice. A major error of omission is that while the usual pict,ure of energyversus reaction-coordinate sneaks in on pages 75 and 81, there is nowhere to he found a. presentation of the potential energy surfaces from whieh t,hese pictures are derived. Furthermore, the calcuH1 crass section are M o n s of the T mentioned (p. 50), without indicating that the results obtained are strongly dependent on exactly what potential surface is assumed in the calculation. Some good points one can cite are the introduet,ion of transition-state theory as valid for liquid rather than gas-phase reactions, and the short section on confor-
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(Continued on page A984)
book reviews mntiol~nlminlysis via nmr (15-3). These are not sufirient,, however, to ~.ecommend this book. A decent breat,ment of "chemical dynamics" can be given s t the freshman level; in our own introductory course, we build on the physics that the student,^ have had to give a proper, though elementary treatment of kinetic theory and molecular-beam kinematics, and then go on t,o discuss chemical kinet,ics from bhis basis. The t,ext to go with this subject material, we feel, still remains l o be wribten. ~assaehusttts~~nslitl~te qf Tcchnolog?l Boston Problems in Advanced Organic Chemistry
Toshio Ooto and Y . Hirata, both of Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan and George H . Stout, University of Washington, Seattle. Holden-Day, San Fran328 pp. Figs. cisco, 1968. viii and tables. 19 X 25.5 em. $9.75.
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This is an unusual hook which provides advanced students in organic chemistry with a. set of practice problem3 complete with answers. With the exception of a few (good) introductory questions, they are of the order of complexity of those found on graduate cumulative exams or "preliminary" examinat,ians. The great majority are drawn from the literature
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and references are aiven. Because the answers me, in my- opinion, unusually complete, this hook should be immensely valuahle for self-studv " bv " all eraduate students in organic chemistry or the exceptional senior. Although there are nominally 162 problems in the 10 chapters, many have several parts so that there are a total of nearly 400. More important than the number is the quality of problems and the helpfulness of the answers. Both rank high in that there is a minimum of the trivial and a. maximum of thoughtprovoking, current, questions and of discussion of alternatives, analogous situations, and other related references in the answers. The questions are arranged in two introductory chapters-General Prohlems (resonance, dipole moments, acidity, hasicity, sterwchemistry), and Spectral .Problems-and eight chapters organized by reacbion type: Suhstitut,ion, Addibion and Elimination, Miscellaneous (including the foregoing types of reactions), Condensation, Rearrangement, Radical and Photochemical, Oxidntion-Reduction, and a final Miscellaneous Reactions chapter. Of course, everyone would prefer to have many more of his favorite or "most significant" type of problem, hut I believe t h a t the authors have done an excellent job of cross sectioning the field. Despite t,he very brief indices (one of types of problems, and another of eompounds and reaction t,ypes), the price
seems very fair for such a complex typesetting praduct,ion.
FRINK1,. L IMRERT Occidental Collrge Los Angeles, Cakfornza Introduction to Qualitdive Analysis
Durward C . Layde, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, and Daryle H . Buseh, Ohio State Univeristy, Columhus. 2nd ed. Allyn and Bacon, Ine., 267 pp. Figs. Boston, 1968. ix and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $9.25.
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The first edition of this book appeared in 1961 (see THIS JOURNAL39.656 (1962)); most of the material presented in the first edition can be found in the present one. The number of chapters, as well as the number of pages, has been reduced by a judicious combination of topics and elimination of material usually taken up in an earlier course. A new chapter of some 35 pages on the compounds of the metals has been added. Bonding in the representative metal compoundq, crystal field theory, charge transfer processes, bonding in the metal carbanyls, and bonding in metals in high oxidation states are some of the topics dealt with in this short chapter. The treatment of these topics is justified by the authors on the basis that they are "not given much coverage in freshman texts." The treatment given here is (Continued on page A986)
book reviews very brief, and will not lend itself to independent study by the average student. Remarks by this reviewer on the procedures for qualitative anslysis in the first edition are still appropriate. For those teachers who still give qualitative analysis as a part of the introductory college course in chemistry this text is a good one.
W. D. LARSON College of St. Thomas St. Paul, Minnesota 55101 Introduction l o Chromatography
James M . Bobbitt, Arthur E . Schwarling, both of University of Connecticut, Storm, and Roy J . Gritter, International Business Machines, Inc., San Jose, California. Reinhold Book C o p , 160 pp. New York, 1968. viii Figs. and tables. 15 X 23 cm. 53.95 paper.
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The authors' intention is to present a practical introduction to thin layer, column, and gas-liquid chromatography for the individual who is not acquainted with these techniques. They have succeeded in presenting, in a clear and concise manner, a guide to the techniques which are essential to the beginner. The book is divided into six cliapters, an introduction, thin layer and column chromatography-choice of a system, thin
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layer chromatography, column chromatog,,h, gasdiqnid chromatography, and the literature of chromatoeraohv. In
The most successful chapter is the one on tlo. It contains detailed discussions of techniques, procedures, and applications along with a number of practical hints on procedures of the sort that are usually gained only after long experience. The beginner can easily use this chapter as a laboratory guide. The chapter on column chromatography is less complete and lacks some of the detailed treatment given to tlc. However, a particularly good feature is a discussion of the use of tlc as an aid in choosing conditions for column chromatography. The chapter on gas-liquid chromatography is the Least satisfrtctory. I t is a t best a brief introduction to the simplest techniques. Considering the great number of applications for gss-liquid chromatography a more complete treatment of the subject is in order. A very useful technique, temperature programming, is only disoussed in a very brief way without any specific examples. I t is doubtful that a front view photograph of specific gasliquid chromatography equipment is of any value to the student. The chapter contains three of these photographs, none of which show anything about the internal workings of the equipment. The most serious drawback is found in the introductory chapters which attempt
to define terms and present theoretical concepts. The brief discussion of theory centers around arti it ion chromatoaritnhv while the majoi portions of the Gxi $I the chapters on techniques center around adsorption chromatography. The section on theory of gas-liquid chromatography is one paragraph long, and states that the theory is complicated. A reference is given to the books by DalNagore and Juvet, and Heftmann, which contain discussions of the theory of gas-liquid chromatography. I n short, the text ably presents the how of chromatography, hut not the why. ROBERTSILBERMAN Stale University College Codand, 1I1mYork Order and Disorder in the World of Atoms
A . I . Kitaigorodskiy. Translated by Scripta Technics, Inc. Edited by S. Chomet, King's College, London. Springer-T'erlag New York, Inc., New 135 pp. Figs. York, 1967. viii 13 X 23 cm. $2.80.
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This little hook is an excellent popularization of one of nature's grandest themes: order and disorder often coexist inseparably from each other. I t avoids both the language of mathematics and the coneept,~of thermodynamics, yet is (Continued on page A988)
book reviews The Merck Index
8th edition. Edited by Paul G. Stecher, Merek & Co., Inc., Rehway, New Jersey. Merck & Co., Inc., Itahway, 1713 pp. New Jersey, 1968. xii Figs. $15.
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This new edition of the Merek Index contaius 2,000 more entries in the monograph section, more synonyms in the cross index of names, and several new reference features, in addition to the revised tabular data and organic name reactions. More than 9,500 chemicals and drugs are arranged alphabetically by generic or nonproprietary name. Nearly 5000 chemical structures are illustrated and toxicity and medical uses are described for about 4,800 chemicals. A chemical formula index is new in this edition. Other new features include: abbreviations adopted by USAN and WHO for organic radicals; code letters used by various companies for experimental compounds; and a n indexed table of contents. The extensive expension and revisions in the monographs and the additional reference features should enhance the usefulness of this standard work.
JANET B. VANDOREN College of Wooster Wooster, Ohio 44691 Life of John William Slrun, Third Baron Rayleigh
Robert John Strutt, Fourth Baron Rauleigh (An Augmented Edition with snnotations by the author and a Foreword by John N. Howard), The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis., 1968. xxii 439 pp. Photographs. 14 X 22 cm. $10.
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This excellent biography of Lord Rsyleigh (1842-1919) by his son (1875-1947) was originally published in 1924. The son, also a physicist, resigned his position to go through his father's manuscripts and papers in prepmatian for this extremely readable account of Rayleigh's life and accomplishments. The hook was well received. Soon after the publicstion, the biographer began t o prepare for a possihle next edition; he used a specially made interleaved copy and wrote down annotations and later items, as well as corrections. However, these notes were not published and the augmented biography remained as it was left by Rayleigh's son. The present printing has now taken the additional material into account and indicated in the main text the proper place of insertion. The notes themselves appear in the Appendix. Rayleigh's work ranged widely and i t has been well said that "he took all physics as his province!' A survey of the 6-volume set of his Collected Papers (now available in a 3-volume set from Dover Publications) reveals that among the 446 p q w s there i~ a fairly equal representation of mrtthematics, light, heat, electricity, magnetism, and the properties of (Cmtinued on page A992)
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book reviews gases, liquids, and solids. He took a keen interest in psychical research. He preferred t o employ simple apparatus where ~ossihleand invariably constructed in his own laboratory any equipment that could be made there. Chemists will be psrticularly interested in the chapter devoted to the discovery of argon. This feat, grew directly out'of his determinations of the density of oxygen and hydrogen. Nit,rogen was next on t,he list and after extensive preliminary work he became convinced that nitrogen from the atmosphere and nitrogen from chemical sauces had distinct densities. He enlisted the aid of William Ramsay, who supplied the chemical know-how. It should he pointed out that i t was Dewar, not Ramsay, who called Rayleigh's att,ention to the century-old Cavendish observat,ion that, a tiny portion of atmospheric nitrogen would not unite with oxygen when these two gases were sparked together. The story of this great moment in chemical history is told here in much detail. RALPHE. OESPER University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio A Handbook for the kientiflc and Technical Secretary Geo~geFreedman, Raythean Co., Wdtham, Massachusetts. Barnes and No300 ble. Inc.. New York. 1967. xiv p p Figs. and tableb. 15.5 X 23 cm. $3.95. Soft cover.
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This handbook differs from others of its kind in that it is writ,ten by one who is not, and never will be, a seeret,ary. I t is written for the secretary of a physical scientist by a. physical scientist from the employer's paint of view and does not include those facet,s of s. secretary's work that already have been included in her training and previous non;scientific work experiences. Mr. Freedman bases his hook on the belief that if the secretary of a chemist, mathematician, or engineer has a basic understanding of her employer's field, she will find her tasks much more interesting and rewarding and thus will improve the caliber and quality of her work. The book consists of two parts: Part I deals with a treatment in "secretarial language" of the basic scientific disciplines of chemistry, mathematics, physics, electricity, and electronics. Each chapter consists of a n Introduction, Explanatory Text, Some Examples, and a. Short Summary. Part I1 serves as a guide to some secretarial techniques which are necessary to the technical and scientific secretary's work but are not included in her training. Specific examples include elementary drafting techniques and tools, the use of Typits, and some examples of well-typed tables and pages from t,be fields of chemistry, mmathem&x, physics, and electronics. Part I1 also includes the following glassaries: Prefixes, Buffixes Technical and Scientific Abbreviations, (Catinued a page A994)
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book reviews The Chemical Elements and their Abbreviations, Frequently Encountered Names of Scientists and Engineers, The Greek and Some Foreign Alphabets, and The Secretary's Glossary of Scientific and Engineering Terms. For the secretary with a background in science, Part I serves as an excellent review; for the secretary with no previous educational or occupational experience in physical sciences it serves as a very simplified textbook. The section on rudimentary drafting techniques and t,ools is especially enlightening and helpful hecause it eliminates the frustrating trial and error methods that most secretaries are forced to employ in learning their jobs. I highly recommend this handhook as an useful addition to the technical and scientific secretary's collection of style guides and technical manuals. The Ohio State Uniuersity Columbus, 4 . W O
New Volumes in Continuing Series The jollo~~ing/ i l l s are thosr 0.1 volumes in continuing wries. Munu oJ lhcse swim arp Jomilior lo rrodns, who a m h ~ snserl l by prompt announc~mmt of thr appcaranee o j thc new titlcs. Thc policy of THIS JOURNAL will he lo pzcblish full reeiews only of inaugural volumrs in new srrirs.
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XXth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry (Congress Leclures presented at Moscow in July, 1965)
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and The Academyof Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Butterworth Inc., 364 pp. Washington, D.C., 1963. v Figs. and tables. 16.5 X 25.5 cm.
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$15. Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Volume 21
Editor, Melville L. Wolfiom, and Aasoeiate Editor, R. Stuart Tipson. Academic Press, New York, January, 1967. xi 572 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $19.50. Cmtribzadors: A. R. Archibald; J. Baddiley; K . V. Bhat; 0.S. Chiahov; K . Freodenberg; I. J. Galdstein; J. W. Green; S. Hanessian; H. W. Hilton; T. L. Hullar; N. K. Kochetkov; J . A. Rendleman; W. W. Zorbach.
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Organic Chemistry, A Series of Monographs. Volume 10, Cyclobvtadiene and Related Compounds
M . P . Cam and M. J . M
