REdCTIONS PRODUCED BY IOSIZATIOS PROCESSES
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CHEMICAL RE-4CTIOSS PRODUCED BY IONIZATION PROCESSES' JOSEPH 0 . HIRSCHFELDEK Dcpnrfnicnt of C'hemisii y, C7nwersity of Tt-iscousiu, .lladison
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K e c e i t e d October 23, 19 ;r
T o understand the chemical reactions produced by radioactivity and other ionizing agents. it is necessary to consider in great detail all of the fundamental proceqseq involved: 1. The primary and qecondary ioniz a t 'ions. 2. The excitation without ionization. 3. The electron attachments and negative-ion formation. 4. The simple reactions between ions and neutral molecules. 5. The formation of clusters, if any. 6. The neutralization of the ions to form atoms and free radicals. T. The subsequent fate of the free radicals and ions. If the ionization occurs in the liquid or solid phase, additional coniplications arke due t o steric trapping of the various ions and intermediate productc. ,ilso, the ionization potentials for the molecules in either the liquid or the solid phase are entiiely different from those in llie paion. 2. Synthesis of hydrogen bromide. 3. Oxidation of carbon monoxide. 1-1,
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(‘hemica1 reactions produced by ionizing radiation can be studied and understood in terms of a sequence of steps. The procedure is quite general in its scope ant1 applicability. REFERESCES
H..$.: Akin.Pliysik 6, 323 (1930). (2‘1 BETHE, H. A , : Alnn. Physik 6, 400 (1930). ( I I BETHE,
( 3 ) IJLACICETT, P. 31. s.:]’roc. ItOy. SOC. (London) A136, 132 (1932). ( 4 ) BLOCH, F.?ATD BRADBURY, S.E . : Phys. Rev. 48, 689 (1935). ( 2 BRADBL-RY, S.E . : Phys. Rev. 44, 883 (1933); J. Chem. Phys. 2, 827, 840 (1934). (6 I BRADEIKRI-, S. E., ASD TATEL, H. E . : J. Cheni. Phys. 2, 835 (1934). (7 i EYRISG,H., EIIRSCIIFLLDER, J . o., . i S D TAYLOR, H. s.: J. Chem. Phys. 4, 479 (1936). (S) EYRIXG, H., HIRSCRDEI,DER, J. 0 . ..IXD TAYLOR, H . s.:J. Chem. Phys. 4, 5 i 0 (1936). (W ~ L O C K L E I E ,G . . A S D LISI), s. c.: The E l e c f i o c h e m i s f r y of Gases und Other nielectrics, Chap. 1-1. John \Tiley and Sons, Inc., S e w Tork (1939). (10) HIRSCHFELDER. J. o., ASD TAYLOR. H. S.:J. Chem. Phys. 6, 783 (1938’1. (ll‘i LOEB,L. 13.: Phys. Rev. 48, 684 (1933). (121 RUTHERFORD, E.. CHAD’IVICK, J.. AXD ELLIS,C. I).: Radiations ,from Rudioactiue Substances, p. 145. Cambridge University Press, London (1930). (13) SMITH, c.!.ZXD F S S E S . 13.: J . c h c ~ nPhys. . 6, 188 (1938).
