362
ABSTRACTS
XXXVI1.-Os
:
BULLETIN DE L A
SOCIBTB ( ~ 1 4 1 3 1 1 ~DE; 1 ~ ~PARIS. :
EFFECT OF CHANGE OF DENSITY I N ALUXPERSOLUTIONS O N THE: ABSORPTION BANDS.
THE
PURINE
(Abstract of a I’aper read before the A ~ a ~ i c Ci H x BVICA So Lc i r r s , Sept. 9th,
BY
1860.)
F I E N R Y b [ O R T O N , PII.1).
T h e phenomenon notice? in this paper was the displacement of t h e maxima of absorption in solutions of purpurine ill alum-water. 1st. W i t h changes in amouut of alum. 2d. W i t h ( h n g e s ill temperature. 3d. W i t h change i r i thc alurn salt used, i. e . , ammonia, potash o r soda alum, or siilpliate of alumina. T h e character of these changes was as follows : Greater amount of (‘alum ” in the solution carried t h e maxima downwards in t h e spectrum. A higher temperature likewise had the same effect, as also bad a greater molecular weight in t h e alum salt employed. These results a r e in reinarkable accordance with those noticed by t h e writer in t h e salts of urailiuin.*
Abstracts from American and Foreign Journals. Bulletin de la SociLt: Chimique de Paris Abstractor, E H S BAILEY, PI1 B
On Persdphuric Acid; i t s Formation b,t/ Electrolysis, UER‘rHm,oT (33, 242).-A further study of this acid, discovered in 1 8 i 8 by t h e author. It is formed by electrolysis b y placing dilute sulphuric acid in a porous vessel, which in turn is surrounded by another vessel containing the same liquid. The whole is kept cool by a serpentine coil, throiigL wliicli water flows. Platiriiim electrodes are employed, and a current from (i or 9 Bunsen cells. T h e persulphuric acid is formed a t the positive pole. W a t e r passes through t h e porous cup more rapidly than the acid. A t a later stage of the operation, as t h e acid becomes more concentrated, and liciice presents greater resistance, it seems to be acted upon by t h e electric current, forming hydric peroxide. T h e fact t h a t this latter g r a d w l l y disappears may probably be accountetl for by t h e well-known action of concentrated sulphuric acid upon it. ____
* See C%emirai N e w , 28, 47, 113, 164, 233, 244, 257, 268
ABSTRACTS
:
BULLISTIN DE LA SOCIETk CIIIhIIQCE DE PARIS.
On the H e a t of F o r m a t i o n of Persulphzcric Acid,
363
BERTHELOT
(33, 216).-The
heat of formation is measured by diluting the liquids obtained by electrolysis with 15 or 20 volumes of water, and treating them successively with a solution of iodide of potassium, and sulpburous acid. A check experiment, made under the same conditions by mixing solutionr of iodide of potassium and sulphuric acid of corresponding strength, fiirriislics data for the complete explanation of the reaction : S,07 (dilute) SO, (dilute) 3HO = s(S0,HO) (dilute). T h e heat of formation is found to be 13.8 cal. T h e formation of hydric peroxide, of persulphuric acid and of ozone, constitutes a gradual series, thus : Ozone 0 0 = (0,) absorbs. . . . . . . ..14.8 cal. Persulphuric Acid S,O, 0 = (S,O,) absorhs. . . . .13.8 cal. Hydric Peroxide 130 0 = (HO,) absorbs, . . . .10.8 cal These three bodies are mutually transformable into each other in accordance with certain relations that the author has developed. All contain active oxygen in a condition to be readily given up to oxidizable bodies.
+
+
+ + +
On a new S?dphocvanate of P l a t i n u m , VINCENTE MARCANO
(33, 250).-By
mixing bichloride of platinum and sulphocyanate of potassium, it is possible to obtain, upon cooling, crystals having a composition corresponding to the formula :
v:
reaction call be expressed thus :
T h e crystals belong to t h e monoclinic system. T h e angle of t h e oblique rhomboidal prism measures 114"25' ; inclination of axes 80'46'. 'Phis body is a new proof of the octatomicity of platinum. Reactions of TetrachCoride of T i t a n i u m , Stannic Chloride? and A n t i m o n i c CJdorirle upon Acetic Acid a n d Acetic A n h p (33, 252).-Messrs. Friedel and Ladenburg drirle, A. BERTRAND (Ann. d e Chim. et de Phys., [4 series,] 27, 428) have made n mixed silico-acetic anhydride, by acting upon chloride of silicoii with crystallizable acetic acid, or with acetic anhydride. V i e author notices t h a t tetrachloride of titanium, st,annic chloride nnd antimonic chloride have the same action as chloride of silicoii with orystallizable acetic acid; hydrochloric acid is formed, but with the anhydride, chloride of acetyl.
O n Inactive Glucose, o r Neutral Sugar, lr. GATOS(33, 9 5 3 ) . -In discussing the results obtained b y >I. IIorsin-DCon (reviewed in this JOURSAI., I , 488) the author claims to 11;ivearrived a t similar results earlier, and by a different method. 1st. Neutral and inverted sugar have tlic same composition. 2d. T h e formation o f neuti*al sugar precedes that of inverted sugar. F r o m t h e results 3f experiments, the presence of inactive glucose in raw sugar and molasses can be accounted for. All raw sugars contain a variety of organisms capable of secreting an invertiiig ferment, which develops w i t h t h e greatost rapidity in those sugars containing t h e most coloring and organic matter. Heat and moistu1.e favor their multiplication, aud t h e transforniatior~ of the sugar. Inactive glucose is a t first formed when the organisms multiply very rapidly; sometimes t h e inactive glucose is mixed with a little true inverted sugar. O n NeutraZ Sugar a n d I?werted Sugar, P. HORSIS-D~ON (33, 256).-A review of t h e results arrived a t b y different cxperi-
menters when sugar is inverted ; t h e first form that it takes is t h a t of neutral sugar. T h e sugar remains neutral if t h e inversion has taken place in t h e presence of a little moisture, b u t it becomes levogyric, taking t h e rotary power of normal inverted sugar, when considerable water is present. Action of Bromine 'upon Epichlorhvdrine, E. GRIMAUX and
P. AI)AJI(33, 2 5 $).-Bromine
readily attacks epichlorhydrine a t 100'. B y cooling the product of t,he reaction a crystalline mass separates from a heavy oil. T h e crystals consist of hydrate of tribromochloracetone, which is readily dehydrated on exposure t o air and becomes C,H2CIBr,0, a colorless oily liquid. T h e heavy oil which separates from the crystals above mentioned appears t o be chlorobromhydrine. The reaction which takes place is similar t o that of bromine upon dichlorhydrine. A substitutioii product is a t first formed, and the hydrobromic acid produced unites with epichlorhydrine changing it to chlorobromohydrine, which is in t u r n attacked by hromine. T h e reaction is%(C,H,C10) Br,= C,H,Br,CIO C,H,ClBrO 2HBr.
+
Epichlorh ydrine.
+
Tribromochloracetone.
-+
Chlorobromhydrine.
O n the Determination of GIUcerlne in Wine, HIP. RAYNAUD
(3.39 259).
ABSTRACTS
:
BULLETIN DE L A S O C I ~ TCHIMIQUE ~ DE PARIS.
365
Sgnthesis of U l m i c Bodies, A. MILLOT(33, 262).-By passing a n electric current through a dilute ammoniacal solution, using for t h e positive pole a plate of g a s carbon, some of t h e carbon is dissolved producing a black coloration, and this black coloring matter is precipitated by a mineral acid. This is soluble in water, especially if warm, b u t is precipitated b y alcohol. Although containing nitrogen i t gives off n o ammonia upon boiling with potassic hydrate. T h e precipitate produced by HCI, dried a t 150°, has the composition: C = 54.75 ; H = 4 .OO ; N == 12.40 ; 0 = 28.85. I f a caustic potash solution is used instead of ammonia, a similar substance is obtained, except t h a t i t is free from nitrogen. Action of A m m o n i u u p o n Anthraquinonesulphonic Acid, R.BOURCART (33, 263).-A discussion of t h e properties of amidoanthraquinone, in regard t o t h e L'actio~zof ammovia upon 8anthrapuinonedisztlhonic acid." I t is ascertained that if t h e sodium salt be treated a t 1SOo, with aqua ammonia in sealed tubes, a substance is produced which is precipitated in whitish flakes when t h e solution is neutralized. T h e acid has t h e formula:
C6H,(S0,H)
(gg>(;H. (WH,) (OH).
T h e ammonia salt, which crystallizes from dilute alcohol, has t h e symbol : C,H,(SO,NH,)(~~)C,H,(~II,) (OH) 2+H,O.
+
O n the Decomposition of Hydric Yevozirle i n the Presence of Alkrclles, a n d o n th,e Berivatiues of Ba?*ic Bitboxide, BERTHELOT
(33, 289).-31.
Schiine (Amzcrlen del. Cliemie u.Phcwm., 192,
257, 1878) has discovered t h a t there are definite combinations of
baric binoxide and hj-dric peroxide ; t h e author has measured the heat of formation of t h e different compounds In regard t o t h e decomposition of hydric peroxide in t h e presence of an alknli, t h e theory advanced is t h a t a cercain proportion of t h e former unites a t first with t h e alkali, heat being disengaged : 2H.0, BaOHO = UnO,HO, 2HO. This compoiind is then changed into hydrate of t h e binoxide, and loses half of its oxygen, heat being again disengaged: BaO,IIO, = BaO,€IO 0. T h e hydrate of t h e binoxide in t u r n becomeshydrate of protoxide, its excess of oxygen being displaced by water, and more heat being evolved : Ua0,HO == BaOHO 0. Another portion of hydric peroxide is then attacked, and so on, till it is entirely decomposed d n n l p i s of the W a t e r s of the Bourhoule, ED. T ~ I L L M(33, 292).--Waters from different soiirces were analyzed. It is a noteworthy fact t h a t t h e arsenic is nearly all found in t h e soluble p a r t of
+
+
+
+
3Gfi
ABSTRACTS
:
BEE. I). 1). CIIEM. GESELL.
t h e residue, from which it is inferred that i t exists in t h e form of an alkaline arseriiate. ‘l’he quantity of trisodic: arscniate varies from 5.1 t o 17.2 mgrms per liter. Bicarbonate uf lithiriiii isalso present in quantities from 37.9 to 15.8 mgrms per liter. O n the Actiori of R r o m i u e ,i,~o,olLDip?ienylmetIcnne, C. FRIEDEL and 31. UAI.SOIIS(33, 33;).--l‘he object of these investigations is t o ascertain whethcr bromine can be subbtitutecl in t h e ])lace of t h e hydrogen of the non.aromatic part of tlie radical. I3y acting npon one molecule of diphenylrnethane with t w o molecules of bromine under appropriate conditions, Libronio-diphenylnietliaiie limy be formed. This when heated with water is decomposed into benzophenone and hydrobromic acid. If one molecule of bromine is used instead of two, monobrornodiphenylmethane is formed. The alcoholic solution of the latter acted upon by alcoholic potassri f o m s mixed etliglbenzohydrolic ether. Uy treatling with amylic alcohol iiistead of ethylic, anti potash, amylbenzohydrolic etlitr is produced, 01‘ if potassic acetate and acetic acid are used we obtain acetate of lienzohydrole. Ecnzohydrolic ether and benzoliydrole can also Le made from t h e monobromodiphenylmethane. O I Lthe Constittctiou of the Salts of Rosaniline a n d of AILUZO-
gocis Cotor-irig it1atters, A. ROSBNSTIEHL (33, 312). O Hu CotLtitt iioiis Method for.the P r e p a r a t i o n of Acetic Ether, J . A. PAINT (33, 350).--,4cetic ether can b e made by a proccss similar t o that employed for t h e manufacture of snlphuric ether. rYhe mixture
of alcoliol, sulphuric acid and acetic acid which is in the apparatus, gives off a t first n little siilphuric ether, b u t afterwards a t 1:30“-1:%”, acetic ether of 85;;. This is washed with a saturated solution of chloride of calcium, dried over chloride of calcium, and redistilled.
Berichte der Deutschen Cheinischen Gesellschaft . Abstractor, H ENDHMANX, Ph D
Phenl/Zlnctic Acids, EMII, ERLENMEYER (13, 303). Phenylbronzlactic A c i d , Eain ERLENMEYER (13, 305). Orthor&itrobe?~xfcldeh~de a n d its Behavior t o w a r d s Nascent H y d r o g e n , CH. RUDOLPH.-T~II and glacial acetic acid produce
with orthonitrobenzaldehyde a substance of basic character, C,H,N. T h e same, with tin and hydrochloric acid, pi-odiices C,H,ClN. The same reaction was t o be employed for other orthonitl.oalclehydes, t h e authors intending t o first submit t h e aldehydes of orthonitro-
