Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 2, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: November 10, 2002 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2002-0837.pr001
Preface Chlorinated solvent contamination resulting from the release of chemicals—such as perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA), carbon tetrachloride (CTET), and methylene chloride (DCM)—represents a continuing challenge to subsurface remediation. Sites contaminated with chlorinated solvents are particularly difficult to remediate when undissolved separate-phase chlorinated solvents, commonly referred to as D N A P L s (dense nonaqueous phase liquids) are present in the soil and groundwater. Recent technological developments resulting from innovations in the public, academic, and private sectors are providing new tools for cleaning up D N A P L and dissolved-phase chlorinated solvents. Many of these technologies are being pilot tested as a part of cooperative field efforts supported by federally funded projects, regulatory work groups, and industry-based technology development forums; and several have been brought to market in full-scale systems. This book provides a focus on some of the current technological developments and innovative applications for physical, chemical, and biological remediation of chlorinated solvents present as D N A P L and the dissolved phase in groundwater. These innovations include surfactant flushing to enhance D N A P L removal; in situ chemical destruction by reduction processes involving zero valent iron or related metals; in situ chemical destruction by advanced oxidation processes; and in situ biological destruction by enhanced anearobic bioremediation or natural bioattenuation. Many of the technologies are applicable to other contaminants, and Chapter 12 presents research findings on arsenate and chromate removal by zero valent iron—wholly relevant to chlorinated solvent remediation, because these metals are frequently present as cocontaminants with chlorinated solvents, as well, A n emphasis is placed on zero valent iron-based strategies as well in this book, including reaction geochemistry, permeable reaction barrier longevity, rejuvenation of iron walls, and emplacement techniques.
xi Henry and Warner; Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2002.
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 2, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: November 10, 2002 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2002-0837.pr001
The topics discussed in this book are not without controversy. Some experts in the field argue that sites impacted with chlorinated solvent D N A P L s cannot be completely remediated and have promulgated site management strategies based on technical impracticality. Other experts, including those who have authored chapters in this book, believe that, with ongoing innovation and application, remediation solutions are and will become available for effective remediation of sites impacted with DNAPLs. Other controversies revolve around which remediation approaches and site management strategies are best, and readers will recognize that the authors of this book have different opinions. Controversy is a good thing in science and engineering: it spurs inquiry and technological advancement. This book is based on a two-day, 29-speaker symposium titled Innovative Strategies for Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents and DNAPLS in the Subsurface presented at the A C S 221 National Meeting held in San Diego, California in April 2001. As such, it is dedicated to the memory of environmental chemist and educator Dr. Charles R. (Chuck) Bennett. During the spring of 2000, Dr. Bennett approached Dr. Susan M . Henry with the idea of co-organizing an A C S Division of Environmental Chemistry symposium, which lead to the symposium on which this book is based. However, Dr. Bennett died of a sudden heart attack on November 12, 2000. Dr. Bennett had been an active member of the A C S Orange County Section (OCS), having held such positions as Chair-Elect, Chair, Past-Chair, Councilor, OCS Representative on the Coordinating Committee of California A C S Sections, and a member of the A C S National Committee on Environmental Improvement. He was Chair of the OCS A C S Public Affairs Committee and the OCS Environmental Committee. He helped establish the Environmental and Industrial Technology (EIT) Committee as well as the Methyl /-Butyl Ether (MtBE) OCS ad hoc Committee. Dr. Bennett also was an active member of the Executive Committee of the Division of Environmental Chemistry. We thank the many individuals who have made this book a success, including the creative and hard-working authors; the 27 different individuals who provided peer review of one or more manuscripts; and the A C S Books Department staff, including Stacy VanDerWall, Kelly Dennis, and Margaret Brown. We also thank Ruth A . Hathaway of the A C S Division of Environmental Chemistry who provided assistance with st
xii Henry and Warner; Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2002.
the symposium abstracts and the biography of Dr. Bennett; and the A C S Corporation Associates, who provided a grant for the symposium.
Susan M . Henry
Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on June 2, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: November 10, 2002 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2002-0837.pr001
URS Corporation 2020 East First Street, Suite 400 Santa Ana, C A 92705
[email protected] Scott D. Warner Geomatrix Consultants 2101 Webster Street, 12 Floor Oakland, C A 94612
[email protected] th
xiii Henry and Warner; Chlorinated Solvent and DNAPL Remediation ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2002.
