ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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successfully applied to aviation fuels and motor fuel stocks sweetened with copper chloride. Polysulfides interfere in doctorsweetened stocks. Rapid Polarographic Determination of Tetraethyllead in Gasoline. KEXTA. HANSEN, THOMAS D. PARKS,AND LOUISLYKKEN, Shell Development Co. -4polarograph is used for the direct determination of the lead ions resulting from dissolving a gasoline sample and decomposing the tetraethyllead in anhydrous Cellosolve containing hydrogen chloride. The method is generally accurate to within *37c in the range of 0.5 to 8 ml. of tetraethyllead per gallon and requires about 30 minutes for a single determination but only 1 hour for five determinations. Peroxides or unsaturates may cause errors. Direct-Reading Polarograph for Determination of Tetraethyllead in Gasoline. E. B. OFFUTTAND L. V. SORG,Standard Oil Co. (Indiana). A simple polarograph was described for directly reading a value of from 0 to 8 ml. of tetraethyllead per gallon of gasoline on the acid extraction of the lead from a sample. -4ntimony is used as a pilot ion. Results are accurate to within +0.02 ml. of tetraethyllead er gallon in the range of 0.5 t o 4.0 ml. of tetraethyllead per galyon. Csing four extraction vessels, sixteen determinations may be made in 8 hours. X-Ra Methods in Analysis and Preparation of Leaded Gasoline. A. LIEBHAFSKY AWD E. H. F~TINSLOW, General Electric co. This paper presented a review of the fundamental principles of x-ray absorption measurements, their promising applications, and a description of the General Electric x-ray photometer. This instrument is suitable for both analytical applications and the control of tetraethyllead blending operations.
X.
Determination of Tetraethyllead in Gasoline by X-Ray AbF. W. LAMB,H. L. MILLER,AND sorptiometry. G. CALINGAERT, G. E NOAKES, Ethyl Corp. This paper described the refinements necessary for precisely controlling the primary voltage of the G.E. x-ray photometer in determining tetraethyllead by the absorbence of x-ray radiation. Sensitivity to voltage fluctuation is decreased by using a polystyrene block in the reference beam. The method is accurate t o +0.01 ml. of tetraethyllead per gallon when the base stock is available, otherwise accurate to *0.05 ml. of tetraethyllead per gallon. Chief obstacle is the varying percentage of sulfur in gasoline. Methods for eliminating the problem of sulfur and halogen coneentiations were discussed.
Monochromatic X-Ray Methods for Determination of Tetraethyllead in Gasoline. HAROLDK. HUGHESA N D FRANK P. HOCHGESANG, Socony-Vacuum Laboratories. Following a description of continuous-radiation and twoline methods and the effect of sulfur in the base stock upon them, details were presented of the single-line method now in routine use. Samples are run in less than 7 minutes apiece with an accuracy which averages better than 0.1 ml. of tetraethyllead per gallon. With known base stocks, the error is 0.03 ml. of tetraethyllead per gallon. Comparisons were made of chemical, polarographic, and x-ray methods with respect to speed, accuracy, and cost. ~
X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Ethyl Fluid in Gasoline. L. S. BIRKS,E. J. BROOKS,H. FRIEDMAN, AND R. hl. ROE, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory. Analysis by x-ray fluorescence is independent of base stock or the composition of the Ethyl fluid. Primary x-ray radiation excites fluorescent x-rays in the liquid sample. This secondary radiation is analyzed by a single-crystal spectrometer and the peak intensities of proper wave lengths for lead and bromine are measured by a Geiger counter. It is expected that 10 to 20 determinations of both lead and bromine can be performed per hour.
Committee on Annual Symposia The Committee on Annual Symposia is to be set up on a permanent basis. I t will consist of six emembers who serve 3-year terms beginning January 1 and staggered so that the terms of two members expire each year. The editor of ANALYTIC~L CHEMISTRY and the chairman of the Division of Analytical Chemistry, AMERICANC H E ~ ~ I CSOCIETY, AL will each appoint one member to the committee each year. The committee will select its own chairman for the following year, preferably about the time of the fall meeting of the AMERICAS CHEMICAL SOCIETY. P. J. Elving has been appointed chairman for 1950 of the following committee: Term Expires
B. L. Clarke
L. T.Hallett .J. W . Stillman Edward W e h e r s I. bl. Kolthofl P. 1 . Elvine
1051 1952
1953
Analytical Summer Symposium to Discuss Separations H E keynote talk at the third annual Summer Analytical TSymposium, sponsored by ANALYTICAL CHEhfIsTRY and the Division of Analytical Chemistry, will be given by 31.G. Xellon of Purdue University, whose subject vi11 be “The Role of Separations in Analytical Chemistry.” Dates of the meeting to be held at the Chemistry Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, are June 16 and 17. Ralph M. Evans, superintendent of the Color Control Department, Eastman Kodak Company, will be the dinner speaker. His topic will be “Seeing Light and Color.” Charles W. Foulk, professor emeritus, Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, will be the toastmaster. The program as announced by H. A. Laitinen of the University of Illinois, general chairman of the s>mposium, is as follows:
. 11:OO
A.M.
12: 00 v.
Friday, June 16 The Role of Separations in Analytical Chemistry. M. G. MELLON Luncheon (advance ierervation required I
1:45
P.M.
2:45
3: 30 3345 4:45 6 : 30
9:oo 9:45
10:30 10:45 11:30
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Partition Chromatography and Countercurrent Distribution. LYMAN c. CRAIG Some Theoretical Aspects of Adsorption Chromatography. ARTHURLE ROSEN Recess Ion Exchange Separations. EDWARD R. TohrPKIss Analytical Applications of Ion Exchange Separations. J. SCHUBERT Dinner Meeting. Speaker, RALPH XI. EVANS, superintendent of Color Control Department, Eastman Kodak Company. Seeing Light and Color (advance reservation required) Saturday, June 17 Theory and Practice in Analytical Distillation. ARTHURROSE Solid Solution Formation in Precipitation Reactions. I. 11.KOLTHOFF Recess Precipitation from Homogeneous Solution. H. H. WILLARD Precipitation from Homogeneous Solution. Separa-
V O L U M E 22, NO. 3, M A R C H 1 9 5 0
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tion of the Alkaline Earth Metals. P. J. ELVING Reservations for these meals must reach the locsl committee not ALND ROBERT E. V A N ATTA later than June 10,1950. 12:00 M. Luncheon (advance reservation required) 2:00 P.M. Electrolytic Separations. S. E. Q.ASHLEY TRANSPORTATION 3:00 Separation of Ultramicro Quantities of Elements by Electrodeposition. L. B: ROGERS Columbus is served by five railroads, twelve intercity bus lines, 3:30 Recess and two air lines. U. S. Route 23 passes through High Street, the 3:45 The Role of Extraction in Analvtical Chemishv. principal north-south street of Columbus, and U. S. Route 40 passes through Broad Street, the principal easewest street. The Ohio State University campus lies on the west side of High Street about 3 miles north of the intersection of High and Broad Streets. T h e Chemistry Building is located near the northeast corner of the REGISTRATION ARRANGEMENTS campus between Eighteenth and Nineteenth Avenues just west of Registration will be completed a t the Chemistry Building, Thc College Road. It is conveniently reached from the downtown Ohio State University. The registration desk will be open on hotel district by taking northbound High Street busses marked Friday, June 16, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:OO P.M., and on Saturday. Arcadia, Blenheim Road, or Jeffrey Place to Woodruff Avenues, June 17, from 8 : O O A.M. to 12:OO noon. walking west one block on Woodruff Avneue to Peasley Street where a brick walk on the left leads directly to the Chemistry Building. All south-bound busses on High Street go directly t o the hotel district. Pomerene Hall, where the luncheons are held, lies directly south of Mirror Lake on the campus, the entrance being on Neil Avenue. There is only a limited amount of parking space for cars along Eighteenth and Nineteenth Avenues next to the Chemistry Building, but there is ample room in the parking lot for visitors on the emt side of the Ohio Stadium within 8 few minutes’ walk from the Chemistry Building.
American Crystallographic Association
( L e f t ) H. A. Laitinen, General Chairman of Symposium. ( R i g h t ) W. D. Mac Nevin, Chairman of Committee on Local Arrangements Registration fees will be $3 for individual members of the Society, designated representatives of corporation members (only one for each corporation membership), and visitors other than chemists or chemical engineers residing in the United States; $6 for nonmember chemists or chemical engineers residing in the United States, regardless of nationality. Associates of divisions or of local sections are not members of the A.C.S. and, if they are chemists or ohemieal engineers, me subject to the $6 fee. Fulltime students oi chemistry, both g r d u a t e and undergraduate, artre given the courtesy of registration on the same basis as members of the Sooiety.
On January 1, 1950,the activities of the American Society for X-Ray and Electron Diffrsction and the Crystallographic Society of America were officially ended, and a new society, the American Crystallographic Association, came into existence. This new society will carry on the activities of both the old ones. According to its constitution, the object of this society is t o promote the study of the arrangement of atoms in matter, its causes, its nature, and its consequences, and of the tools and methods used in such studies. The oherter members of the new society, totaling 496, have elected the officers for the first year, &s follows: president, I. Fmkuchen, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn; vice president, R. W. G. Wyckoff, National Institutes of Health; secretary, H. T. Evans, Jr., Philips Laboratories, Ino.; treasurer, J. K d e , Naval Research Laborabories. Meetings will he held twice yearly, and the hst one is scheduled for April 10 to 12 at Pennsylvania State College, State College, Pa. Further information concerning the American Crystallographic Association may be obtained from the seeretruy, Howard T . E v m , Jr., Philips Laborrttories, Inc., lrvington-on-Hudson, N. Y.
HOUSING AND MEALS
It will not he possible to provide housing on the campus of Ohio State University. However, Columbus has ample hotel accommodations. The following hotels me especially recommended:
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Hotel Sinele Double Desbler-Walk k $5.00 and UP $9.00 and ti” Neil House 4.50 and U P 6.50and UP Fort Hayes 4.50 and up 7.00 and UP Seneca 3.60 and UP 5.50and U D Single room with twin beds are available at slightly higher ~ r l c e st h a n those qnoted fw doubles.
Those who expect t o attend the meeting should make their reservations directlv with the hotel of their choice well in advance of the meeting. The luncheons will be held a t Pomerene Hall on the camnus. . , the price being ahout $1 for each lunoheon. The dinner on Friday evening will be held a t the Neil House a t a price of about $4.
American Crystallographic Association. Pennsylvania. State College, State College, Pa.,April 10 to 12 Scientific Apparatus Makers of America. Chicago, Ill., May 18 t o 20
Society for Applied Spectroscopy. New York. N. Y., May 26 and 27 Symposium on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy. Mendenhall Laboratory of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus. Ohio, June 12 t o 17 Third Annual Summer Symposium. Ohio State Univeraity. Columbus, Ohio, June 16 to 17 International Microchemical Congress. Gras, Austria, July 2 to 6 Instrument Conference and Exhibit. Instrument Society of America. Buffalo, N. Y.. September 18 t o 22
