Energy Fuels 2009, 23, 4269–4277 Published on Web 08/21/2009
: DOI:10.1021/ef900205d
Comparison of the Combustion Reactivity of TGA and Drop Tube Furnace Chars from a Bituminous Coal Katherine Le Manquais,*,†,§ Colin Snape,†,§ Ian McRobbie,‡ Jim Barker,‡ and Victoria Pellegrini‡ †
Fuels and Power Technology Research Division, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K., Innospec Limited, Oil Sites Road, Ellesmere Port, Cheshire, CH65 4EY, U.K., and §Current address: Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K. ‡
Received March 9, 2009. Revised Manuscript Received July 8, 2009
Although thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is a widely accepted technique for assessing coal combustion, conflicting trends have often been reported when relating apparent TGA reactivities to pulverized fuel (PF) burner conditions. Therefore, this paper compares the reactivity of chars generated in a drop tube furnace (DTF) to those from TGA. The implications of devolatilization temperature, heating rate and residence time are considered. For the smaller particle size ranges of the bituminous coal investigated (ATC), optimized devolatilization procedures were used to generate corresponding TGA burnout rates between the two char types. However, with fractions of >75 μm, the DTF chars showed an increased burnout propensity when moving from combustion regime II to combustion regime III. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and internal surface areas indicate that this is because of incompatible char morphologies. Thus, while chars produced under the conditions of TGA pyrolysis strongly resemble raw coal and display an undeveloped pore network; the DTF chars are highly porous, extensively swollen and possess considerably larger internal surface areas. Subsequently, char burnout variability was quantified, with the reactivity distribution for the DTF samples found to be up to an order of magnitude more significant than for the TGA chars. This is attributed to a fluctuating devolatilization environment on the DTF. Finally, a TGA study observed a robust particle size based compensation effect for the TGA chars, with the relative reaction rates and activation energies demonstrating the presence of internal diffusion control. However this phenomenon was partly alleviated for the DTF chars, since their higher porosities reduce mass transfer restrictions. Moreover, it should be realized that DTF char fractions of
