Article pubs.acs.org/jced
Compressed Liquid Densities of Binary Mixtures of 1‑Butanol and Diethylene Glycol Dimethyl Ether from (283 to 363) K at Pressures up to 100 MPa Dan Fang, Xianyang Meng,* and Jiangtao Wu Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China ABSTRACT: The compressed liquid densities of binary mixtures of 1-butanol and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) have been measured over the temperature range from (283 to 363) K and at pressures up to 100 MPa covering the whole mole fraction of x1‑butanol = (0, 0.3116, 0.5469, 0.7308, 0.8787, 1). The measurements were carried out using a high-pressure vibratingtube densimeter with the combined expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of 0.6 kg·m−3. The experimental data were correlated using the modified Tait equation with an absolute average percentage deviation lower than 0.015% for each composition of the mixtures.
1. INTRODUCTION
Table 1. Specification of Samples
Simple alcohols are widely used in compression ignition engines as alternative fuels to fossil-based fuels. Compared with methanol and ethanol, 1-butanol has the advantages of lower heat of vaporization, higher octane number, higher heating value, and better miscibility with diesel.1,2 Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme) was an effective additive to improve fuel combustion performance due to its high oxygen content and low greenhouse gas emissions.3,4 Knowledge of the mixing densities of 1-butanol and diglyme in a wide range of temperature and pressure is extremely important to characterize the thermodynamic properties and develop the accurate equation of state. Therefore, this work conducted new density measurements of a binary mixture of {x1-butanol + (1 − x)diglyme} with the mole fraction of x = (0, 0.3116, 0.5469, 0.7308, 0.8787, 1) using a high-pressure vibrating-tube densimeter. All samples were measured at temperatures from (283 to 363) K and at pressures up to 100 MPa, corresponding to densities between (753 and 1008) kg·m−3.
CAS Reg. No.
molecular mass
initial mass fraction puritya
purification method
1-butanol diglyme
71-36-3 111-96-6
74.123 134.175
0.995 0.995
no no
a
All the stated purities of the samples listed above were obtained from the certificates of suppliers without further purification, and no further purity measurements were performed.
2.2. Measurements. The vibrating-tube densimeter was calibrated with water and vacuum measuring over the entire temperature and pressure ranges. A detailed description of the instrument, calibration procedure, and uncertainty determination can be found in our previous work.5−10 The combined expanded uncertainties Uc, with a confidence level of 0.95 (k = 2), are Uc(T) = 16 mK, Uc(p) = 0.062 MPa (p < 60 MPa), Uc(p) = 0.192 MPa (60 < p < 140 MPa), and Uc(ρ) = 0.6 kg·m−3.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. Experimental Data. The measured densities of a binary mixture of {(x)1-butanol + (1 − x)diglyme} with mole fraction x = (0, 0.3116, 0.5469, 0.7308, 0.8787, 1) along isotherms between (283 and 363) K at pressures up to 100 MPa are given in Table 2. The densities of the mixtures at 283 and 363 K vs pressure are plotted in Figure 1 and at 0.1 and 100 MPa
2. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION 2.1. Samples. 1-Butanol and diglyme were supplied by Aladdin Co. (mass purity > 0.995). The water contents of the samples were tested with a moisture analyzer (Shanghai INESA Scientific Instrument, Model KLS-411), and the results were both below 10 ppm. We used all the samples as supplied. The binary mixture was prepared gravimetrically with an analytical balance (Mettler Toledo, model XS205; accuracy of 0.01 mg) in the vessel of about 150 cm3. The expanded uncertainty in mole fraction was estimated to be less than 0.0001. Table 1 summarized the specifications of chemical samples. © 2017 American Chemical Society
chem name
Special Issue: Memorial Issue in Honor of Ken Marsh Received: February 15, 2017 Accepted: June 12, 2017 Published: June 27, 2017 2937
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.7b00176 J. Chem. Eng. Data 2017, 62, 2937−2943
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
Article
Table 2. Experimental Densities, ρ, of the Binary Mixtures of {x1-Butanol + (1 − x)Diglyme} at Various Temperatures, T, Pressure, p, and Mole Fraction, xa T/K
p/MPa
283.69 283.69 283.69 283.68 283.68 283.68 283.67 283.67 283.67 283.67 303.47 303.47 303.48 303.48 303.49 303.49 303.49 303.49 303.50 303.50 322.62 322.62 322.62 322.62 322.62
0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00
283.65 283.66 283.65 283.66 283.65 283.65 283.65 283.65 283.65 283.65 303.57 303.57 303.57 303.56 303.56 303.56 303.56 303.56 303.56 303.55 323.27 323.28 323.27 323.28 323.28
0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00
283.59 283.59 283.58 283.58
0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00
ρ/(kg·m−3)
T/K
Diglyme x=0 953.48 322.62 954.15 322.62 956.94 322.62 960.29 322.62 966.68 322.62 972.80 342.49 978.49 342.49 989.12 342.49 998.75 342.50 1007.71 342.50 933.69 342.51 934.43 342.51 937.55 342.51 941.31 342.51 948.42 342.52 955.17 362.51 961.41 362.51 973.02 362.51 983.33 362.52 992.97 362.52 914.41 362.52 915.30 362.52 918.77 362.53 923.02 362.53 930.99 362.53 x = 0.3116 922.56 323.28 923.21 323.28 926.00 323.29 929.34 323.28 935.72 323.29 941.81 343.04 947.48 343.04 958.06 343.05 967.62 343.05 976.51 343.06 903.40 343.06 904.14 343.06 907.29 343.06 911.05 343.07 918.17 343.08 924.80 362.71 931.10 362.71 942.54 362.70 952.82 362.71 962.26 362.71 884.02 362.71 884.84 362.72 888.39 362.72 892.57 362.72 900.61 362.72 x = 0.5469 893.58 323.23 894.22 323.23 897.03 323.23 900.40 323.24
p/MPa
ρ/(kg·m−3)
30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
938.31 945.16 957.74 968.98 979.20 894.03 894.98 898.96 903.66 912.57 920.68 928.18 941.77 953.82 964.68 873.45 874.46 879.02 884.41 894.33 903.29 911.53 926.30 939.26 950.89
30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
907.85 914.76 927.16 938.32 948.49 864.74 865.70 869.66 874.40 883.26 891.31 898.79 912.24 924.13 934.89 845.12 846.14 850.69 856.03 865.91 874.79 882.96 897.55 910.38 921.84
30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
880.92 887.67 899.96 911.05
Table 2. continued
2938
T/K
p/MPa
283.58 283.58 283.56 283.56 283.56 283.55 303.51 303.51 303.52 303.51 303.51 303.51 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 323.22 323.22 323.22 323.23 323.23
20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00
283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 283.62 303.51 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 303.50 323.26 323.26 323.26 323.26 323.26
0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 79.99 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00
283.67 283.67 283.67 283.67 283.66 283.66 283.66 283.66 283.66 283.66 303.49
0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10
ρ/(kg·m−3)
T/K
x = 0.5469 906.81 323.24 912.81 342.99 918.49 343.00 928.98 343.00 938.59 343.00 947.45 343.01 875.36 343.01 876.10 343.01 879.25 343.01 883.02 343.01 890.10 343.02 896.73 362.67 902.93 362.68 914.29 362.68 924.52 362.68 933.93 362.69 857.29 362.69 858.13 362.69 861.60 362.69 865.79 362.69 873.63 362.70 x = 0.7308 866.59 323.26 867.24 323.27 870.06 323.27 873.45 323.27 879.83 323.27 885.83 343.02 891.47 343.03 901.94 343.03 911.46 343.04 920.22 343.04 849.42 343.04 850.15 343.04 853.29 343.04 857.01 343.04 864.06 343.04 870.65 362.71 876.80 362.72 888.07 362.72 898.18 362.72 907.47 362.72 831.90 362.72 832.70 362.72 836.19 362.73 840.37 362.73 848.19 362.73 x = 0.8787 841.93 323.29 842.59 323.29 845.40 323.29 848.78 323.29 855.19 323.29 861.18 343.04 866.81 343.04 877.23 343.04 886.62 343.04 895.34 343.04 825.51 343.04
p/MPa
ρ/(kg·m−3)
100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
920.96 838.63 839.58 843.51 848.20 856.98 864.93 872.29 885.57 897.36 907.94 819.52 820.52 825.03 830.34 840.09 848.85 856.90 871.26 883.92 895.20
30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
855.36 862.01 874.24 885.10 894.94 814.17 815.11 819.06 823.70 832.39 840.28 847.55 860.64 872.22 882.62 795.72 796.73 801.19 806.44 816.08 824.74 832.66 846.83 859.23 870.28
30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.01 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00
832.38 838.96 850.97 861.63 871.34 792.02 792.98 796.88 801.50 810.09 817.86
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.7b00176 J. Chem. Eng. Data 2017, 62, 2937−2943
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
Article
Table 2. continued T/K
p/MPa
303.50 303.49 303.48 303.48 303.47 303.48 303.47 303.46 303.46 323.29 323.29 323.29 323.29 323.29
1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00
283.63 283.64 283.63 283.66 283.66 283.65 283.64 283.64 283.65 283.64 303.45 303.45 303.46 303.46 303.47 303.47 303.47 303.47 303.48 303.48 323.26 323.25 323.26 323.27 323.27
0.08 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.01 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00
ρ/(kg·m−3)
T/K
x = 0.8787 826.23 343.04 829.38 343.04 833.12 343.03 840.14 343.04 846.70 362.69 852.78 362.69 863.93 362.69 874.00 362.70 883.23 362.70 809.04 362.70 809.88 362.70 813.32 362.70 817.49 362.71 825.25 362.71 1-Butanol x=1 817.19 323.27 817.88 323.28 820.70 323.28 824.01 323.28 830.39 323.28 836.43 343.03 842.03 343.03 852.39 343.04 861.72 343.04 870.33 343.05 801.81 343.05 802.54 343.05 805.65 343.05 809.35 343.05 816.29 343.05 822.84 362.68 828.87 362.68 839.95 362.69 849.82 362.69 858.94 362.69 786.36 362.68 787.19 362.70 790.63 362.70 794.68 362.71 802.33 362.71
p/MPa
ρ/(kg·m−3)
40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
825.03 837.96 849.39 859.63 774.25 775.26 779.70 784.88 794.41 802.93 810.75 824.68 836.92 847.79
30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 0.10 1.00 5.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00
809.41 816.00 827.77 838.31 847.65 769.54 770.45 774.32 778.88 787.37 795.06 802.13 814.83 826.08 836.20 752.67 753.64 758.03 763.16 772.56 781.04 788.67 802.36 814.44 825.18
Figure 1. Experimental densities of the binary mixtures of {x1-butanol + (1 − x)diglyme} at 283 (a) and 363 K (b) vs the pressure. x is the mole fraction of 1-butanol: ■, x = 0; ●, x = 0.3116; ▲, x = 0.5469; ▼, x = 0.7308; ⧫, x = 0.8787, ★, x = 1.
a
The combined expanded uncertainties, Uc(k=2), are Uc(T) = 16 mK, Uc(p) = 0.062 MPa (p < 60 MPa), Uc(p) = 0.192 MPa (60
