P. M. BERNAYS, K. L. COE,A N D J. L. WOOD names which have been associated with two different registry numbers. These are, however, only potential errors because of the ambiguity of some chemical names. D. A special index of molecular formulas and associated registry numbers will be produced by the computer a t set intervals. A random sampling will be made of those sets of compounds which have the same molecular formulas. A chemist will compare the structures and the nomenclature to identify any structures which represent the same compound but which may have been assigned a different registry number. Temporary Methods for Error Detection. In order to ensure adequate error detection and control during the early stages of production, temporary checking procedures have been instituted. Once the system has functioned smoothly in full operation, these procedures will be phased out, though each time the system is modified some variant of these checks will be reinstituted. A. A method which has been used to test both the algorithm and the computer programs is the reprocessing by the computer of structures already registered. The processing is accomplished by a computer program which converts each connection table in the master file back to an expanded form of the table of the type which is input to the computer. (Note that in the resulting expanded table the numbering of the atoms is generally different from the numbering of the atoms in the unique form of the connection table and is also generally different
from the numbering assigned a t the time the compound was initially input to the system.) The computer registration process is then rerun and the results are machine checked to be certain that the resulting master file is identical with the one before the regeneration. If the two files are not identical, an error has been detected in the programs and/or the algorithm. This check device is no longeruseful on the present system, for essentially all of the errors which can be uncovered by this technique have already been corrected. However, later alterations or improvements in the algorithm and programs will be checked in the same manner. B. A major problem during the early stages of production is the training of the clerks who prepare the connection tables and the chemists who draw the structural diagrams. I n order to reduce the potential error caused by incomplete training, a rigorous editing of the output of both the chemists and clerks has been instituted. I n the case of the chemist, this takes the form of a review by a senior chemist to ensure correspondence between the name and the structure. I n the case of the clerks, a second clerk edits the completed connection tables for errors prior to keypunching. A random sampling and checking operation is a standard part of the structure-drawing operation. In addition to supporting the generation of CBAC, the Registry System will also routinely register each of the new entries for the Index of Ring Systems which is part of the CA Subject Index.
A Computer-Based Source Inventory of Chemical Abstracts" PETER M. BERNAYS, KENNETH L. COE, and JAMES L. WOOD Chemical Abstracts Service, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Received July 21, 1965
One of the control measures recently instituted by Chemical Abstracts Service was the development of a computer-based inventory of abstracts. This step was taken in order to gain better insight into and control of production operations. The benefits derived from the inventory, and the uses to which it can be put, are discussed in this paper. In the publication of Chemical Titles, C T (over 80,000 titles in 1964), the bibliographic data for each of the cited papers is stored in computer form. These data include the title of the paper in English (translated wherever necessary), the authors, the title of the journal stored * Presented before the Division of Chemical Literature. 119th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society. Detroit. Mich . April 1966.
242
as a four-letter code with the volume number, page numbers, and, where necessary, the issue number corresponding to the paper. The four-letter journal codes, called Coden, are the same as those adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials. When the publication of C T started in 1961, the median prepublication period (the period between the issuance of a primary journal and the appearance of a corresponding abstract in CA) was well over 7 months. By the end of 1964 this time period had been reduced to 3.8 months. These figures show why C T was originally set up in parallel with the publication of Chemical Abstracts and why these operations were integrated toward the end of 1964. During the three intervening years, processes were overhauled JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL DOCUMENTATIOK
COMPUTER-BASED SOURCE INVENTORY OF CA to allow a single acquisition, selection, and assignment procedure for both CA and C T without slowing the production of CT. Another project that relates to the Coden inventory is the abstractors payroll. CAS pays its abstractors by the line as printed in CA. Therefore, it is necessary to determine for each abstract the number of lines and to record this information along with the abstractor’s name. However, it was primarily the consideration of coverage problems, in context with C T and the abstractors payroll that led to the inventory project which is the basis of this paper. The Coden Based Inventory now includes the recording of the following information related to each abstract: (1)CA reference (volume, column number, page fraction), (2) primary document bibliographic data, (3) name of abstractor, (4) language of the paper, (5) length of the abstract. By using established procedures, clerks can record Coden and other data for 700 to 800 CA abstracts per day. The coding clerks are assigned consistently to the same groupings of CA sections, so that they become acquainted with a restricted list of Coden. Thus, experienced coders can cover more than 50‘; of their work without making reference to Coden directories. The above inventory information is transferred t o computer tape. The information is then processed in the computer to produce the following reports: (A) density reports, (B) lists of journals by productivity, (C) lists of bibliographic citations arranged by primary journal, ( D ) lists of journal productivity according to sections of CA, (E) abstractors payroll, (F) list of abstracts prepared by fulltime employees in Columbus, and (G) library call slips. The following sections discuss these reports in more detail. Report A As an editorial check, we find it useful to follow closely for each section the variation of page density of abstracts, that is, the number of abstracts per page. Variation in density relates the variation in the subject matter within each section. I t also gauges the amount of editorial effort devoted to these sections. Report B The productivity of a journal is of consequence from a straightforward business standpoint. Though complete coverage in CA is of primary concern, it is obvious that we cannot afford to acquire a journal a t , for example, $100 per year if the journal productivity is perhaps only a single abstract for that interval. Thus, our program of monitoring secondary journals is aimed a t assuring complete coverage of journals that include only an occasional chemistry paper. We carefully weight the productivity of the less productive journals to be sure that acquisition costs remain under control. Report C. Completeness of coverage is a major problem in producing CA. We are concerned not only with the growth in individual subject areas, but also with the problems related to new journals, discontinued journals, and lost journals. (Unfortunately, whole volumes, whole issues, and individual papers sometimes go astray.) The growth of many areas of chemistry is gauged by monitoring the other secondary journals that overlap CA coverage. (This monitoring program will be discussed in a later paper.) I n addition we depend on a vigorous acquisition program as well as upon our 100 section editors and 3000 abstractors to ensure that new aspects of chemVOL. 5, No. 4. NOVEMBER 1965
istry are not overlooked. I n the past, “holes” in CA coverage have been difficult to locate. Despite continuous staff effort, problem areas continued to occur. Report C greatly simplifies the check for holes in coverage of established journals. Report D Coverage within each of the individual sections of CA is continually watched. I n addition, each year we select several sections to investigate in depth. Here we review with the section editors those subdivisions which he feels deserve more attention. T h e primary journal sources for each subdivision are also investigated. We check the range of primary journals covered. Moreover, for journals covered in a given section, journal contents are compared with CA abstracts to see why all of the subject matter in the primary journal is not covered. I n these deep reviews, report D is invaluable. The coverage studies are also an important aid in predicting the growth of the literature. As the flow of material through the abstracting processes becomes more regular these predictions become more reliable. Report E The abstractors payroll has already been discussed. The payroll is produced on a quarterly basis. Report F The list of abstracts prepared by fulltime CAS staff becomes important as we enter into new services such as Chernrcal-Biological Activities that require “inhouse” abstracting, and as the patterns of use of author abstracts change. This report is prepared for each volume of CA. Report G Certain areas of chemistry produce a great many index entries per abstract. For instance, papers dealing with chemical synthesis report a great many compounds. The corresponding sections of CA are indexed directly from the original journal article. I n the very near future one of the products of the inventory will be the direct print-out of library call slips for those sections which have a high density of index entries per paper. This will permit the library to arrange the original journal material in a manner convenient for the indexing effort. I t is interesting to examine some of the figures which come out of the inventory. These figures are based on Volumes 56-61 inclusive (1962-1964 inclusive) and are compiled according to the following rules: (1) serial publications are included, (2) certain publications which are recurring b u t do not appear a t regular intervals are included, (3) patents are not included, (4) also not included are nonperiodical publications such as proceedings or nonrecurring scientific meetinsg, (5) totals for a given serial include all material selected from supplemental issues as well as regularly scheduled issues of the journal, (6) whenever a journal undergoes a change in name during the period being studied all abstracts are included under the current name. Using these rules, we have plotted the total number of journals us. the percentage of abstracts they contributed to Volumes 56-61 of CA (see Figure 1). Table I also lists the most productive 1000 journals for this period. S o t e a t the low end of the curve in Figure 1 that the first 250 journals produced 5 0 9 of the abstracts. T h e 1000 journals listed in Table I produced 7 5 5 of the abstracts. At the high end of the curve, the law of diminishing returns comes into play: a second 1000 journals increase the productivity only 1 0 7 , and a third 1000 add only more. I t is important to note again that 243
P. M. BERNAYS, K. L. C O E , AND J. L. W O O D Table I. List of the Top 1000 Journals by Productivity in Chemical Abstracts, Volumes 56-61 Inclusive (1962-1 964) [list giver
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL DOCUMENTATION
COMPUTER-BASED SOURCE INVENTORY OF CA Table I (Continued).
METAB. C L l N E X P T L J NEUROCWEM SEIKAGAKU DOKL AKAD NAUK BELORUSSK DECHEMA M O I l O G R A P l l HUA nsuen TUNG PAO POCH"OYEDEH,E A Z E R B K H l Y ZH ME0 PROM S 5 5 R MOL P H V 5 NUCL 5 C 1 ENG J ELECTROANAL CHEM c n E M ENG SCI GIGIENA I 5ANlT KOBUNSHI KAGAKU RADIOBIOLOGIVA
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CORRO5ION AM 5 0 C METALS. TRANS OUART MELLIANO TEXTILBER A C T A PATHO; YIC.~BlOL SCAWO FASERFORSCH T E X T I L T E C H J A N T I S I O T I C S LTOKVOI. 5ER A A C T A ME0 OCAND B R I T CHEM E N G C A N J P H V P I O L PHARMACOL NAGOVA K O G V O G I J U T S U S H I K E H S I I O H O K O K U SVENSK P A P P E R S T 1 0 DEUT nEo WOCHICHR F I Z PROBL 5PEKTRO5MOPII. AKAO NAUK 5 S S R . Y A T E R I A L V SOVESHCH
VOL. 5, No. 4, SOVEMBER 1965
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STAERKE STUD11 CERCETARI B l O C H l Y A M I N D H Y G ASSOC J B R I T J CANCER MFG CHEMIST J GEN P H V S I O L J R E S N A T BUR STAND. A 5C1 SINICA (PEKING1 I E R K S T O F F E K O R R O S I OH A N T I M I C R O B I A L AGENTS CHEYOTHERAPI J CHEY DOC TRANS I N S T CtlEM EHGRS (LONOOH) D I S C U S S I O N S FARADAV 50C H E L V w i y s 1 o L PHARYACOL A C T b PLANTA P R U B L E N D O K R I N O L I GORYOHOTERAP NEUE HUETTE OGNEUPORV ARCH GES P n v s i o L Y A O HsuEn HSUEH P A O APTECMN O E L O KERNENERGIE POLIYERV TAYPAKUSHITSU YAKUSAN K O 5 0 TEPLOENERG A M C E R A M SOC B U L L SOV GEOL CESK F I R M
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001b1 00160 00160 00159 00159 00159 00159 0 0 158 00158
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00148 00147 00147 00146 00146 00146 00146 0014b 00145 00145 001.4
245
P. M. BERNAYS, K. L. COE, AND J. L. WOOD Table I (Continued). T R I N S T G E O L RUDN MESTOROZHO. PETROGR. GLOhHIN ADVAN E Y E R G I CONVERSION A M SOC T F S T I N G MATER. SPEC TECH PUBL ENZYMOLOGIA J NUCL ENERGY. P T A 0 U N I O N MED C A N A D A 8 U L L ACAO P O L O N S C I . S E R S C I 8 l O L F O L I A ENDOCRINOL ( P I S * )
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K H I Y PROM. N A U I - T E I H N 18 HYDROCARSON P R O C E S S P E T R O L R E F I N E R L Z V A K A D NAUK SSSR. SER G E W TERAPEVT ARKH 8LOOO D O K L A L A D N A Y K A R U SSR I Z V E S T V Y S S H I K H U C H E 8 N Z A V E O E N I I . GEOL I R A Z V E D K I6 L Z V V Y S S t I l K H U C Y E B U Z A V E O E N I I . NEFT 1 G A L CHEY WEEK8LAD J ORGANOMETAL CHEM I A Y S T E R O A L I A C T A PHARMACOL T O X I C O L AM J C L l N P A T H O L ANN P H Y S I K NIPPOU YAKURIGAKU ZASSHl P R I M E N E N I E U L I T R A A K U S T I K I K I S S L E D VESCHESTVA S T A I N TECHNOL I N D I A N J M E 0 RE5 N l P P O N GOYU K Y O K A I S H I N l P P O N SUISAN GAKKAISHI WEEDS J C L l N PATHOL S A K H A R N PROM STAHL E I S E N TR V S E S N A U C H N - I S S L E O GEOLOGORAZVEO I N S T J CELLULAR COMP PnysIoL P O U L T R Y SC I TR LENINGR KHIM-FARMATSEVT INST A M E R I C A N J O U R N A L O F O B S T E T R I C S A N 0 GYNECOLOGY VOX S A N G U I N I S Y O G Y O n Y o n A 1 sni A M CHEY SOC. DIV POLYMER cnEM. PREPRINTS B E R OEUT K E R A Y G E S J METALS REV MET I N D I A N J E X P T L 8LOL I Z V * K I D N A U K T U R K Y S S R . SER F I Z - T E K W N . KWIY I GEOL HAUK J OUANT SPECTR R A D I A T I V E TRANSFER s t i E N G mu nu* nsuEn v u SHENG m u wu L I nsuEn P A O V E S T N TEKMN I E K O N I N F O R U H A U C H N - I S S L E D INST, TEKHN-EKON I S S L E D G O 5 K O M SOV S S S R PO K H I Y PRUMYSL P O T R A V I H C H E M I K E R ZTG L l E T U V O S 159 MOKSLU A K A 0 D A R S A I 0 P L A S T E KAUTSCHUK SEMEN10 G I J U T S U NEYPO S I L I K A T TECH T E T S U T O HAGANE YUKAGAKU AM J BOTANY COLD S P R I N G HARBOR S I M P OUANT 8 l O L J G A S CHROMATOG S H I K O K U I G A K U ZASSHI T S I TOLDGl YA ATOYPRAXI S CROAT CHEM ACTA I N Si T F l Z K H l Y O S H O V Y P R O I Z V S T A L L . AKAD NAUK 5.551. Y E T TR KONF I N T E R N J H E A T MASS TRANSFER RUSBER CHEM T E C H N O L T R A N S AM F O U N D R V Y E N / S SOC T R I N S T F I Z I ASTPON. AKAD NAUK E S T SSR T R L A 8 GEOL D O K E M B R I Y A , AKAO NAUK S S S R A C T A PHARM HUNG AVTDMAT SVARKA CUEM STOSOWANA YINERAL YAG SOLID-STATE ELECTRON WORLD P E T R O L CONGR. PROC I N T E R N J NEUROPHARMACOL A K A O NAUK S S S R . 0 1 0 O P T I K A I SPEKTROSKOPIYA. F I Z - M A T NAUI. 58 STATE1 MET I T A L P n v s FLUIDS ucn Z A P . P E R M S K 6 0 s UNIV HEALTH P H I S I E E E 1 I N S T E L E C T R I C A L ELECTRONICS ENGRSI. TRANS NUCL S C I I R O N S T E E L I N S T 1 L O N D O N I . SPEC R E P 1 L Z V TOMSK P O L I T E K H N I N S T PHARY WEEKBL PLANT CELL PHVSIOL ~TOLIOI S C H I E I Z YE0 10CHSCMR AGRESSOLOGIE A T ENERGY C A N L T O G I G I E N A TRUDA I P R O F Z A B O L E V A N I Y A J N A T L CANCER I N S T ~
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COMPUTER-BASED SOURCE INVENTORY OF CA Table I (Continued). J H E A T TRANSFER J VITAYINOL (KYOTO1 NATURE ( P A R I S ) RHEOL ACTA TR. BASHKIRSK NAUCHH-ISSLED INST PO PEREABOTKE NEFTI U 5 . BUR M I N E S . INFORM C I R I Z V A K A D N A U K K A Z S S R . SER K H I Y L A 0 PRACT 010 B U T S U R I ROPA U H L l E AM J VET R E S I YMUNOLOGY J C H I N E S E C H E Y SOC ( T A I W A H I J PHOT S C I P w s CHEN G L A S S E S PROC S O U T U E R N WEED C O N F V E S T N MOSK U H I V . SER 1 1 1 . F I Z . A S T R O N CESK GASTROENTEROL V I Z I V A J I N D I A N SOC S O I L S C I NIPPON N A I 8 U Y P I GAKKAI ZASSHI PATHOL MlCRO0lOL T R . MOSK I N S T H E F T E K H I Y I G A Z PROM ANALES EDAFDL A G R O 0 I O L I M A O R I D I 0RATISLAV LEKARSKE L I S T Y F I Z I O L ZH. A K A D N A U K U K R RSR FIZIOL zn S S S R J AGR S C I PHYTOPATHOL Z R I V I T A L SOSTANZE GRASSE TR I N S 1 YET I Y A A B A I K O V A AKAD NAUK 5 S 5 R TR K A Z A K H S X HAUCHN-ISSLED INST MINERALIN SYR/YA VIDE A C T A MED A C A D S C I HUNG A M J "ED S C I GLASTECH 0ER L A V A L MED PHOTOCHEY P H O T O B I O L PROBL GEMATOL 1 P E R E L I V K R O V I TONIND-ZTG KERAY RUHOSCHAU USP F I Z NAUK VACUUY Z GES T E X T I L - I N D ARCH S T U D I O FISIOPATOL C L l N R I C A M 0 I O DEVELOP 0 1 O L PALIVA SILICATES IND Z H P R I K L MEKHAN I TEKHN F I Z A T T I SOC I T A L S C I V E T BIOTECHNOL BIOENG CAN J ZOOL C H I M CHRONIKA (ATHENS. GREECE1 J SOC L E A T H E R T R A D E S C H E M I S T S K H I M MASHINOSTR LIETUVOS F I Z RINKINIS. L I E T U V O S T S R M O K S L U AKAD. L I E T U V O S TSR A U K S T O S 1 0 5 MOKYKLOS SPE (SOC P L A S T I C S E N G R S I TRANS W O C ~ LPAPIERFABRIK ANN P n v s IN Y I ARCU I T A L S C I FARYACOL ARCH S C I I G E N E V A I G I O R N GERONTOL J PROC I N S T C H E M I S T S I I N D I A I MINERVA P E O I A T N I P P O N I S O T O P E K A I G I HOBUNSHU P A K I S T A N J S C I I N 0 RES PHOT S C I ENG U C H Z A P A Z E R 0 G O S U N I V . SER F I Z - M A T I K H I M N A U K B R I T J HAEYATOL 0 U L L CALCUTTA SCHOOL TROP Y E 0 J EXPTL BOTANY PRACOVNI LEKAR TOBACCO S C I V E S T S 1 A K A D N A V U K B E L A R U S K S S R . SER F I Z - T E K H N NAVUK ANN APPL 8 l O L A N N R E V BIOCHEM CHEM R E V D E N K I KAGAKU INTERN Z V I T A L I N F O R S C H I Z V V V S S W I K H UCHEBN Z A V E D E N I I . T E K H N O L L E G K D I PROM I L C H l l SSENSCHAFT N E 8 Z E A L A N D J AGR R E S P E R F U M E R Y E S S E N T O I L RECORD
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I Z V A K A 0 N A U K A Z E R 0 SSR. SER F I Z - M A T I T E K H N N A U K 00080 IGAKU TO SEIIUTSUGAKU 00080 ME0 K L I N I M U N I C H I P R A X I S oooao METHODS C A R 0 O H V D R A T E CHEW 00000 PROC I N T E R N CONF L O U TEMP P H Y 6 00080 SVAROCHN P R O I Z V 00080 TR V S E S N A U C H N - I S S L E D I N S T K H I M R E A K T I V O V oooao AN OT CHEY 00079 NTTI1 B0 I lO MO OTTH HEER RAAPPVY OEUT LEEENSM-RUNOSCHAU 00079 F I Z S H C H E L O C W N O G A L O I D N I K H K R I S T A L L O V . L A T V GDS 00079 U N I V . TR V Y S S O V E S H C H 00079 OUART J E X P T L P H Y S I O L 00079 SAISHIN IGAKU 00079 AERZTL L A 0 00078 AGROCHIYICA 00078 00078 ARCH K L I N E X P T L OERYATDL BRAUIISSENSCHAFT 00070 B U L L INFORM S C I TECH ( P A R I S I 00078 FARMATSIYA I S O F I A l 00078 00078 MATER D E S I G N ENG 00070 R O C Z N I K I NAUK R O L N I C Z Y C H 00070 TECHNOC P E P 1 O S A K A U N I V 00078 T E X A S R E P T 010L ME0 T I I N S T MET I Y A A E A I K O V A , A K A 0 H A U K SSSR 00078 V I N O D E L I E I V I N O G R A D A R S T V O SSSR 00078 00078 ZUCKER 00077 A N N SURG 00077 Y E 0 LAVORO P R O C ANN CONV SUGAR T E C H N O L O G I S T S ASSOC I N D I A 00077 00077 PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGIA 00077 SOC CHEM I N 0 I L O H O O N l . MONOGRAPH 00077 T R VSES HAUCHN-ISSLED GEOL I N S T VAKUUY-TECH 00077 V E S T N S E L / S K O K W O Z N A U K I , V S E S A K A 0 S E L I S K O K H O Z NAUK00077 00016 B U L L G E O L SOC AM ELECTROCHEM TECHNOL 0007b I N V E S T OPUTHALMOL 0007b 00076 K O K S . SMOLA. GAZ 0007b LLOYDIA 00076 N I P P O N JOLO KYOKAI ZASSHI R I K A GAKU K E N I I U S H O HOKOKU 0007b T E K S T I L / N PROM 0007b
BIOLOGIA BOLL L A 0 C H I Y P R O V I N C I A L 1 (BOLOGNA1 C L A Y S C L A Y M I N E R A L S . PROC N A T L C O N F G A Z PROM I N S T H l E R R O ACERO PATOL F I Z I O L I EKSPERIY TERAPIYA PROC J A P A N ACAD TR K A Z A N S K K H I M - T E K H N O L I N S 1
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A N A L E S F A C a u r n FARM. UNIV cn1i.E ARCH O R A L 0 1 O L E X P T L EYE RES F O L I A ME0 (NAPLES1 J THEORET B l O L TR T A L L I N S K P O L I T E K H N INST. SER A Z ZUCKERINO ARCH I N T E R N A L YED A S T R O H ZH CANCER I N T E R N D A I R Y CONGR. PROC KOZAY C H I S H I T S U P R A C E INST nuiwiczrcn STUD11 C E R C E T A R I YET WELDING J ( N Y l A N A I S ACAD B R A S I L C I E N C ARCH D I S E A S E CHILDHOOD ARKW P A T O L 0 E I T R M I N E R A L PETROG 0 Y U L N A U C H N - T E K H N I N F O R M L I N GEOL I O I H R A N Y NEDR SSSR CRYOGENICS IND C H I Y 0ELGE J AM LEATHER c n E M i s T s A S S O C KEY I N D (ZAGREB1 KOGYO K A K A K U K Y O K A I S H I NEDPLASMA PROC R O V SOC ( L O N D O N I . SER 0 A M J MED T E C H N O L ANN ENTOMOL SOC AM B O L L S C I F A C C H I M I N D . BOLOGNA 0UL INST POLITEH I A S I EXPTL PARASITOL GEOL N E F T I I GAZA J ANIMAL S C I J 0 A S l C ENG K Y O T O F U R I T S U I K A D A l G A K U ZASSHI L I T O L O G I Y A I POLEZNYE I S K O P P A I N T MANUF X P L O F I Z V Y S O K I K H TEMPERATUR. AKAD N A U K SSSR ZENTR 0 A K T E R I O L . PARASITENK. AB1 I ORIG Z KREBSFORSCH ARCH T I E R E R N A E H R U N G N A S A L N A T L AERON S P A C E A D M I N I . TECH NOTE N A T L BUR S T D I U 5 1 , MONOGRAPH N I P P O N GENSHIRVOKU GAKKA15CII PROC F L O R I D A S T A T E H O R T SCC REV MATER CONSTRUCT TRAV PUBL S O L I D STATE COYYUN V E S Z P R E Y I V E G Y I P EGYET KOZLEMEN ARCH S C I P H V S I O L 0ULL SOC F R A N C C E R A Y C A N Y E 0 ASSOC J CROP S C I DEUT Z GES G E R I C H T L Y E 0 EPITOANYAG MAGY ASVANYOLAJ FOLDGAZ K I S E R L I N T KOZLEMEN M I T T G E B I E T E LEBENSM HYG NORSK G E O L T I D S S K R PHYTON (0UENOS A I R E S ) P L A S T I C S (LONDON1 SB NAUCMN R A 0 0 T I N S T M E T A L L O F I Z . A K A D NAUK U K R SSR T O K S I K O L N O V V K H PROM K H I Y V E S H C H E S T V B U L L SDC R O Y S C 1 L I E G E HOLZFORSCHUNG K A G A K U K E I S A T S U K E N I I U S H O WOKOKU NOUVELLE R E V FRANC HEMATOL PRZEGLAD P A P I E R REV CAN 0 1 0 L S I M P FUNDAMENTAL CANCER RES T R YOSK VET A K A 0
00075 00075 00075 00075 00075 00075 00075 00075 00074 00074 00074 00074 00074 0007. 00074 00074 00073 00073 00073 00073 00073 00073 00073 00073 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00072 00071 00071 00071 00071 00071 00071 00071
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00071 00071 00071 00071 00071 00070 00070 00070
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247
P. M. BERNAYS, K. L. COE,A N D J. L. WOOD Table I (Continued). TR T B I L I S S K GOS U N I V U S P SOVREY D I O L B I U L WOJSKOIEJ AKAD TECH BUCL N v ACID nEo C H I S H I T S U CHOSASHO G E P P O E X P T L noL PATHOL J M A R * BELG MINERVA NUCL POSTEPV BIOCHEM SCI P A P E R S I N S 1 P H V S CHEY RES I T O K V O i SVENSK K E Y T I D S K R TR D N E P R O P E T R K H I M - T E K H U O L I N S T ACTA PHVSIOL L A T I N O A L A n soc BREWING C n E n r s T s . PROC BERGAKAOEMIE CORROSION S C I MONOGRAPH R E P T SER I N S T METALS. I Z V F I Z - K H I N N A U C H N - I S S L E O I N S T P R I I R K U T SKOM GOS U N I V N E U E S J A H R B Y I N E R A L . .MOUATSH TLUSZCZE I SRODKI PIORACE AGRA U N I V J R E S . P T I COMBUST F L A M E GAZ. I O D A TECH S A N I T
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JUZEU IGAKUKAI ZASSHl L 151’1 C U K R O V A R NUKLEONIK
00068 00068 00067 00067 00067 00067 00067 00061 00061 00067 00067 00067 00066 00066 00066 00066 00066 00065 00066 00066 00066 00065 00065 00065 00065 00061 00065 00065 00065 00065
these figures are based on the limits cited above and apply to the three-year period inventoried. During this period, no volume of CA contained abstracts from more than 5500 journals as described by our ground rules. Thus, 4500 or more journals in the List of Periodicals do not produce on a semiannual basis; they may be marginal journals or annual volumes. I t is interesting to compare the top ten journals in this list with the top ten reported by Brown in his ACRL Monograph in 1965 (see Tables I1 and 111).
I N S T N U C L RES. R E P RADIOISOTOPES ITOKVOI S A F R I C A N J AGR S C I SB TR. GOS N A U C H N - I S S L E D I N S T G I D R O L I Z N I S U L I F I T N O - S P I R T PROM T I VSES NAUCHN-ISSLED IUST S I N T E T I C H I UATURALIN D U S H I S T V K H VESHCHESTV VOPR V I R U S O L CARBON CESK P E D I A T FUHTAI OVOBI FUNMATSUVAKIU I Z V A K A D NAUK AZERB SSR. S E I B I V L I N E D N A U K J I N D I A N * E D ASSOC UOHASZ L A P O K N A I L CANCER I N S T MONOGRAPH I U S 1 CORN D E L I . AKAD N A U K SSSR N A U C H N SOOBSHCH. PNARM J P U B L ASTRON SOC P A C I F I C STUD11 C E R C E T A R I F I Z I O L T I I N S T P R I K L K H I M I ELEKTROKUIM, AKAD UAUK =. m. u 7. . ssn . TR VSES UAUCHN-ISSLED K I N O F O T O I N S T BIOCHEM PREP C H E M O T H E R A P1 4 C L I N XI OEUT TEXTILTECM J INST FUEL METALLOBERFLAECHE S C I R E P T R E S I N S T , TOHOKU U U I V . SER A
P O L I S H ACAO S C I .
00065 00065 00065 00065 00065 00065 00065 00065 00064 00064 00064 00064 0006. 00064 00064 00064 00064 00064 00064 00064 0006. 00064 00063 00063 00063 00063 00063 00063 00063
Seven of the top ten journals in 1954 retained their position among the top ten in 1962-1964. Of the three that did not maintain their position, two were in the top fifteen. On the other hand, of the three journals that reached the top ten during 1962-1964, none was higher than twenty-sixth in 1954. A final word about Coden. One major disadvantage of Coden is the lack of redundancy. This limits the use of Coden in a publication such as CA, for a small error (say an incorrect letter) in a Coden entry may make Table II. Top Ten Sources of CA Abstracts, 1962-1964 .Journal
This study”
Brown’s study‘
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
29
U.S . At. Energy Comm.
:4 1
00
Percent of Toto1 Abstracts
Figure 1. Journal productivity in Chemical Abstracts 1962-1 964 (number of journals required to produce x % of total abstracts).
248
Nature Dokl. Akad. Nauk S S S R Compt. Rend. J . A m . Chem. Soc. J . Chem. Phys. J . Org. Chem. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Phys. Rev. J . Chem. SOC.
1
5 3 1 6 34 26 2 4
C. H. Brown, Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 56-61, 1962-1&4. “Scientific Serials,” ACRL Monograph 16, Association of College and Reference Libraries, Chicago, Ill., 1956, pp. 50-53; Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 48, 1954. Table Ill. Top Ten Sources of CA Abstracts, 1954 Brown’s Journal
study‘
J . A m . Chem. SOC. Phys. Rev. Compt. Rend. J . Chem. Soc. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR J . Chem. Phys. Nature Boll. SOC.Ital. Biol. Sper. J . Chem. SOC.Japan, Ind. Chem. Sect. Anal. Chem.
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
This study”
5 9 4 10 3 6 2 30 12 14
“Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 48, 1954; see footnote b, Table 11. 1962-1964.
’ Chemical Abstracts, Vol. 56-61,
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL DOCUMENTATION
CONVERTING FOREIGN LANGUAGE CHARTLEGENDS it impossible for the user to identify the source. For example, even with a one-letter error, J . An. Chem. SOC. will be recognized as J . Am. Chem. SOC.;however, JADS, again with a wrong letter, will not always be recognized as JACS, for it could easily be a wrong rendering of JABS. I n order to retain some redundancy, Chemical
Abstracts Service is now investigating the possibility of using a 10-letter code. I n summary, what was started as a small segment of a computer-based chemical-information system has now become an important manageriql tool for the Chemical Abstracts Service.
Converting Foreign Language Chart Legends M. ANDERSON
1285 Coplin Street, Detroit, Michigan J. BACONCINI, V. FILIPPI, a n d B. WOLFF” New York, New York Received March 22, 1965
I n preparing translations of foreign technical literature, the conversion of foreign-language figures into English presents problems beyond the mere translating of the text itself. The ideal treatment of figures should be to convert them into a form just as graphic and readable as the original, with all the legends, symbols, and notations in their proper place-but in English. Furthermore, it should be possible to make multiple copies of these as required. In the case of simple graphs, it might be enough merely to supply a translation of the main caption and the abscissa and ordinate designations along with the original figure; but complex graphs with many legends and notations in the figure itself would require supplying an extensive glossary and would make the figure difficult for the reader to interpret. Hence there is the necessity for an improved method, with the use of a duplicating machine, in which the English legends supplied by the translator are written on small strips of paper by the typist and pasted on a copy of the original; from this “doctored” plate any number of other copies are made. Furthermore, the method has to be such that a typist unfamiliar with the language and the science involved, using only the written instructions of a translator who might be unavailable for consultation, could transform the original figure into an exact English equivalent. First of all, of course, the translator must not fail to supply all the information needed, which means translating absolutely all the foreign-language notations in the figures-translating almost literally everything except the numbers and some international symbols and letters. The form in which the translator supplies this may vary. For example, in translating Figure l a , two figures from a German metallurgy text, the translator, after giving the
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