January, 1924
INDUSTRIAL A N D ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Constituents of Water-Gas Tar
97
Exposition of Power and Mechanical Engineering
Editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: Visitors to expositions of the various industrial groups find In the paper by Brown and Howard on water-gas tar [THIS JOURNAL, 15,1147 (1923) ] I do not find acenaphthene among the much similarity in the methods by which attention is called to constituents of water-gas tar. Before 1900 I made a fractionation OF several gallons of this tar obtained by the Lowe process and separated several pounds of acenaphthene from it. The fractious around 140’ C. were allowed to stand on a shelf exposed to sunlight for several years after the work was interrupted. It became very thick, pointing to the formation of polymers, but no further examination was possible then. In this connection it is interesting to record the fact that several years prior to Victor Meyer’s discovery of thiophene I noticed the deposition of sulfur from a sample of benzene which had stood exposed to sunlight; before that time a gentleman in the office of Pickhardt & Kuttroff told me. they were making a nitrobenzene from benzene washed with oil of vitriol, which would not turn dark in sunlight.
EDWARD HART EA~ITON, PA. November 29, 1923
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Editor uf Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: In reply to Dr. Hart, we desire only to say that in our paper on “Indene and Styrene-Constituents of Carbureted WaterGas Tar,” we included in the list of identified constituents of that tar all those previously reported so as to appear in the abstract journals of the chemical literature. We are happy, however, to have been the cause of Dr. Hart’s bringing to light the interesting facts included in his letter, and regret that he was unable to publish his observations many years ago. The behavior of the fractions boiling around 140’ C. suggests most strongly the presence of styrene (b. p. 146’ C.), to the identification of which further work would have undoubtedly led him. Acenaphthene (m. p. 95’ C.), boiling about 280’ C., would occur in another fraction. RALPHI,. BROWN BUREAU OF MINES PITTSBURGH, PA. December 7, 1923
Analysis of Soap Powder (Correction) In the article under this title [THIS JOURNAL., 15, 1232 (1923)] the formula should be corrected to read: (Cc. 0 5 N HCl X 5)
- (cc. 0.1 X NaOH) - (cc. 0.1 N
CzHsONa) X 0.0053
2
exhibits and many duplications of exhibits; yet there are essen-’ tial differences which strike even the most casual of observers. During the week of December 3 to 8, 1923, the Second National Exposition of Power and Mechanical Engineering was held in the Grand Central Palace, New York, and it is interesting to contrast it with the Ninth National Exposition of Chemical Industries, held in September under similar circumstances. Upon entering the exposition one is first impressed with the fact that, while there are everywhere machines in motion, the appeal to the mechanical engineer is made by the fact that they are virtually noiseless. The contrast to the inherently noisy crushers, grinders, and screening devices which assail the ears of visitors to the Chemical Show with multitudes of unhallowed sounds is most striking. Whether there is a real difference in the points of view of the visitors to the two shows is open to serious question, and i t might serve as a valuable lesson to chemical exhibitors to visit such a demonstration of the ability to get attention without unpleasant noises. Notable among the exhibits were those of devices which control and measure temperature, pressure, and fluid flow. These devices for the automatic or semi-automatic control of stea? plants have been developed t o a very high point of perfection. Combinations of water-level gages, steam gages, damper regulators, stoker controllers, and draft gages permit the operation of a boiler plant with a minimum of manual attention. Here, too, may be a pointer for the chemical manufacturer or exhibitor, for no processes require more careful control as to temperature, pressure, and time than those which are carried out under the supervision of the chemist. In a more or less indefinite way chemists know that mechanical devices can be designed to aid them in carrying out their processes; yet they have not impressed upon the mechanical engineer the peculiar features of chemical. work which require him to build his products to meet chemical needs. Of special interest to the chemically inclined was an exhibit of fuels of every kind collected with the assistance of various public and semipublic agencies and shown after the manner of the educational exhibits of the Chemical Show. In addition there was a set of models of all the various stages through which the modern locomotive went in its development. The attractiveness of these exhibits increased to a great extent the attention paid them by the visitors and made them valuable parts of the whole.
= NazCOs
Estimation of Pentoses and Pentosans-I1 (Correction) In the article by N. C. Pervier and R. I. Gortner under this title [THISJOURNAL, 15, 1255 (1923)l the second table in the first column, page 1260, should be inserted immediately following Fig. 3 on page 1258. The index to Part I of this article, under Pervier, N. C., should read “Formation and Distillation of Furfural.”
Ladd Introduces Paint Bill A bill to prevent the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated, mislabeled, or misbranded linseed oil, turpentine, or paint. has been introduced by Senator Ladd. It provides a penalty of a year’s imprisonment and a fine not t o exceed $500 for the first offense, with a maximum fine of $1000 for subsequent offenses. It is further provided that the Department of Agriculture shall establish standards for linseed oil.
Bureau of Standards New Standard Samples The Bureau of Standards is now prepared to issue the following new standard samples : Sample 55 Sample 56 Sample 62
Ingotiron Phosphate rock Manganese bronze
82 per 150 grams $2 per 75 grams $3 per 150 grams
Samples may be paid for in advance, with order, or through Darcel Dost C.O.D. . _ _ The halyses of these samples are as follows: ingot iron 0.013 C, 0.019 Mn, 0.003 P, 0.017 S, and 0.001 Si; phosphate rock 31.33 P z O ~ 3.30 , Fe20a, 3.07 Alt08, 44.83 CaO, and 0.40 MgO; manganese bronze 59.06 Cu, 35.06 Zn, 1.60 Mn, 1.13 Fe, 1.13A1,0.81 Sn,0.57Pb,0.63Ni,andO.O2Si. In addition to these standards the following samples will be ready for distribution with the provisional certificates on January 1: No. 57, refined silicon; No. 58, 75 per cent ferrosilicon; hTo. 59, 50 per cent ferrosilicon; No. 60, low carbon ferrovanadium; No. 61, high-carbon ferrovanadium, and renewal KO. 4c, cast iron. Sample 63, phosphor-bronze bearing metal, is in the hands of the cooperating analysts, and will be distributed about March 1.
