RESEARCH RESULTS . . . . . . immediately available All papers listed are being considered for publication in I&EC or one of the I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form, with the requirement that any reference to their content in a publication must have the author's prior approval. Orders are processed within 24 hours of receipt, with shipment by first class mail. Prices for subscribers and nonsubscribers are listed with each manuscript. Please include payment with order.
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Hydrogasiflcation of Brown Coal Char in a 20-Foot Continuous Fluidized Bed Reactor, With hydrogen a t 600 p.s.i.g.
Optimization of Yield through Feed Composition. HCN Process. Optimization was best achieved for a certain feed
and temperatures to 1150' C., reactivity of brown coal char was a function of time of exposure to hydrogen. Steady-state conditions prevailed in the gas phase. Bed density depended on degree of char gasification, gas rate, composition, and temperature.
NHs) mole ratio, throughput by using a fixed Air/(CHd various CH4/NH8 mole ratios and minimum flame temperature. Theoretical considerations, experimentation method, mathematical correlation, and statistical analysis are presented.
T . John Birch, Peter A . Casamento, Neil C. Grave, and David J . McCarthy, Chemical Research Laboratories, Melbourne, Australia
MS. 67-766
M S . 67-118
3Qpages ( Q j g u r e s , 8 tables)
39 pages (1 1jgures, 4 tables)
Subscribers $4.00
+
B . Y. K. Pan and R. G. Roth, Monsanto Company Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Nonsubscribers $8.00
Some Broad Principles of Classiflcation for Contact Catalysts. Dehydrogenation of n-Butyl Aicohoi in Fixed Catalyst Beds.
Single-site surface reaction (hydrogen absorbed) was the rate controlling mechanism a t all temperatures studied (250' to 360' C.). Rate data fit the equation based on this mechanism with a standard deviation of f22.8%.
Elementary concepts and factors in selection or classification are discussed using catalyst electrical conductivity as the broadest framework. Metallic, semiconducting, and insulator catalysts are discussed from an electronic and structural viewpoint. Catalyst poisons are also considered.
Robert W. Coughlin, Lehigh University
U . R . Rao, Rajinder Kumar, and N . R. Kuloor, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
M s . 67-768
MS.67- 758
4Opages (8$gures, 7 tables)
3 6 pages ( IOjgures, 9 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
A theoretical and experimental investigation of gas-solids flow a t high Reynolds numbers and low solids loading. A two-phase friction factor correlation in the dilute flow region was obtained. Pressure drop data are shown to correlate with a pressure drop equation based on a continuum model. Turbulent Flow of Gas-Solids Suspension.
H. E. Mecarthy, E. I . du Pont de Nemours d Go., Inc., and J . H. Olson, University of Delaware
M s . 67-167 67 pages (lSJTgures,3 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
liquid-liquid and Vapor-liquid Equilibria for Binary and Ternary Systems with Dibutylketone, Dimethylsulfoxide, nHexane, and Hexane-1. Addition of dibutylketone to dimethyl-
sulfoxide decreases the solvent-to-hydrocarbon ratio required for separation, but the corresponding decrease in solvent selectivity is too large for any significant economic advantage.
H. Renon and J . M . Prausnitz, University of California
Ms. 67-172
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 66.00
26pages (6~?gures,8 tables) Subscribers 67.00 Nonsubscribers 874.00
On the Local Validity of the Onsager Reciprocal Relations in Ordinary and Thermal Diffusion in Continuous liquid Mixtures. The Optimal Power Shift in an Ultrasonic Reaction. Hydrolysis rate of methyl acetate was studied using high intensity ultrasonic waves. Optimum power, with maximum yield, shifted with temperature. A theory predicting this shift is presented in terms of a modified Rayleigh Collapse Time.
A reformulation in matrix notation of the Onsager reciprocal relations, with the assumption of local validity, is given. It is therefore possible to express the temperature and concentration dependence of ordinary and thermal diffusivities, in agreement with actual physical theories. R . Francesconi and C. Trevissoi, University of Genoa, Italy
Scott Fogler and Deueraux Barnes, University of Michigan
M s . 67-775
MS. 67-763
29 pages
23pages (5jgures, 7 table)
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 66.00
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
(Continued on page 76) VOL. 5 9
NO. 7 J U L Y 1 9 6 7
75
RESEARCH RESULTS Benzylureas as Antioxidants for Hydrocarbons. N-Aryl-A''alkylbenzylureas form a new class of antioxidants for hydrocarbons such as polyolefins and lubricants. They are generally intermediate between phenolic and diarylamine antioxidants in inhibitory strength, but have fewer adverse side effects, such as staining, than diarylamines.
B. W . Hotten, Chevron Research Company Subscribers 92.00
Ms. 67-178 17pages (5 tables)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Calculation of Viscosities of Mixtures Containing Polar Gases.
Diffusion in Commercially Manufactured Pelleted Catalysts.
Effective diffusivities of seventeen different commercial catalysts and supports are reported. Except for two that were apparently calcined a t very high temperatures, tortuosity factors in a parallel path pore model all fell between 3 and 7.
Charles N . Satterfeld and P. John Cadle, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
M S . 67-189 24pages (2 tables)
Nonsubscribers 56.00
Three different methods, based on Sutherland equation, have been used to compute viscosities of mixtures of polar and nonpolar gases. The detailed comparison of the calculated values with the available experimental data reveals that the prediction of viscosity values is possible within a statistical uncertainty of about iZ%.
Hydrogen Cyani Produced mn Coal and Ammonia. Hydrogen cyanide yields of 75% based on the ammonia used are obtained when powdered coal is reacted with ammonia at 1250° C. Coals containing high volatile contents and coal gases containing higher methane contents gave the best HCN yields. Economic evaluation indicates production casts competitive with current prices if credit for byproducts is assumed.
P. K . Tondon, University of Rajasthan, India, and S. C. Saxena, Purdue University
G. E. Johnson, W. A . Decker, A . J . Forney, and J. H. Field, U. S. Bureau of Mines
Ms. 67-185
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers 64.00
7 I pages (3 tables)
Error in Handling Finite-Conversion Reactor Data by the Differential Method. This error is analyzed for several kinetic models including homogeneous and Langmuir-Hinshelwood type. Conversions of about 15% are permissible for most cases. Direct calculation of order and activation energy from integral reactor data is also discussed.
Hugo A . Massaldi and Jaime A . Maymd, Universidad Tichnica del Estado, Santiago, Chile
Ms. 67-186
Subscribers 82.00 Nonsubscribers 84.00
2Opages (dfigures, 7 table)
~WS.6 7- 190 23pages (dfigures, 3 tables)
Uniformity of Diffusivity in a Nickel Base Steam-Hydrocarbon Reforming Catalyst. Effective diffusivity in Girdler G-56
catalyst was essentially invariant with direction of diffusion and position. Skin effect negligible. Tortuosity factor in a parallel path pore model was about 10.
P. John Cadle and Charles N . Satterfield, Massachusetts Institute of
I. H. Lehrer, Monash Universip, Victoria, Australia
Ms. 67-191
Subscribers 65.00 Nonsubscribers 510.00
Removal of liquid Inclusions from Solution-Grown Crystals.
Ordinary drying techniques are ineffective for removing the inclusions of foreign matter that are almost invariably present in solution-grown crystals. A temperature gradient effectively moves liquid inclusions out of many crystals.
W. R. TVikox, Aerospace Corporation
Technology
MS. 67-787
Subscrz bers 63.00
24pages (Qfigures, 7 table)
Anisotropic
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers 86.00
Gas Agitation of Liquids. Air injected from spargers was compared with paddles as agitator of aqueous solutions in vessels L with - 2 1, using two criteria. Calculated applied power D ft -1b ranged from 0.13 to 2.6 L. Sparger configuration strongly sec.-lb, influenced performance.
48 pages ( IOJgures, 10 fables)
Diffusivities
in
Pressed
26pages (Qfigures)
Subscribers $3.00
25pages ( 8 j g u r e s , 7 table)
Boehmite
A Graphical Solution of Cyclic Extraction. Cyclic flow extraction may be calculated by a graphical method under certain simplifying assumptions. The method is similar to the McCabeThiele method used for continuous flow extraction under similar assumptions.
Pellets.
P. John Cadle and Charles N . Satterjeld, Massachusetts Institute of Technolo#y M s . 67-788
M s . 67-193
Nonsubsrribers $6.00
Effective diffusivity varied by a factor of as much as 3 to 4 with axial distance through compact. Results analyzed statistically and related to density variations.
76
Subscribers 53.00
Subscribers 83.00 Nonsubscribers 56.00
NDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
Nonsubscribers $6.00
J . Lovland, Norwegian Institute of Technolog), Trondheim, Norway Ms. 67-79d
12 pages (4jigures)
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
