RESEARCH RESULTS . . . . . . immediately available All papers listed are being considered for publication in I&EC or one of the I&EC Quarterlies. They are available in manuscript form, with the requirement that any reference to their content in a publication must have the author’s prior approval. Orders are processed within 24 hours of receipt, with shipment by first class mail. Prices for subscribers and nonsubscribers are listed with each manuscript. Please include Dayment with order.
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Hydrocracking and Diffusion Studies of Pure Compounds on Mordenite Catalysts. Use of an aluminum-deficient mordenite
catalyst results in a fourfold increase in activity, and a hydrocracked product with much lower CdCd ratio and much higher iso/normal ratio of light paraffins. Diffusional studies show higher rates of adsorption and desorption.
0
A new experimental method measures tensile strength of moist agglomerates in a wide moisture and particle size range. Comparison of results with a general theory shows good agreement.
W o y g a n g Pietsch, Egon H o f m a n , and Hans Rumpf, Institute f o r Mechanical Process Engineering, University of Karlsruhe, W e s t Germany
.Us. 68-13
M s . 68-6
36 pages ( 1 6 j g u r e s )
2 8 p a g e s (7jFgures, 11 tables)
centrations should be avoided, but if data are needed for evaluation of activity coefficients or other purposes, a systematic method for assigning weighting factors is provided.
Dimitrios Tassios and M a t t h e w Van Winkle, The Uniuersity of Texas
1 2 p a g e s ( I f g u r e s , 2 tables)
Subscribers $4.00 iVonsubscribers $8.00
Nonsubscribers 86.00
Developing Weighting Factors for Binary Vapor-liquid Equilibrium Calculations. Experimental measurements at low con-
Ms. 68- 7
0
Tensile Strength of Moist Agglomerates.
Richard Beecher and Alexis Voorhies, J r . , Louisiana State University, Paul Eberly, J r . , &so Research Laboratories Subscribers $3.00
NONSUBSCRIBER
Subscribers $ 2 . 0 0 Nonsubscribers 84.00
Thermal Conductivity of Porous Materials-Dry Soils. Using weighted geometric mean of maximum and minimum conductivities of a two-phase system, a relation for calculating effective thermal conductivity of unconsolidated dry materials was developed and tested with experimentally obtained values on miami silt loam. Fair agreement was found.
D . R . Chaudhary and R . G . Bhandari, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
Ms. 68-16
Subscribers $ 1.00 Nonsubscribers $ 2 . 0 0
6 pages ( 1 table)
Removal of Tellurium Hexafluoride from Gaseous Systems by Solid Reagents. Static and gas flow sorption studies were used Effect of Pressure on Gas-Phase Reaction Rate Coefficients. The Hl-H& System. Although calculation of fugacity co-
efficient-compressibility factor product from structural data for transition state complexes is more accurate and direct, when structural data are lacking the approximation presented may serve interim needs.
to screen 13 reagents and evaluate four of the more promising as sorbents for TeFs from dilute gas streams. Activated alumina and B.P.L. activated charcoal were most effective (>99.99% removal). Heat of sorption for TeFs on activated alumina is 5 kcal. mole7
George M . Simmons and Dauid M . Mason, Stanford University
Donald R . Vissers and M a r t i n J . Steindler, Argonne National Laboratory
Ms. 68-10
Ms. 68- 17
Bpages ( 1 table)
Subscribers 81.00 Nonsubscribers 82.00
Subscribers $3.00
2 9 p a g e s (GJigures, 5 tables)
Nonsubscribers $6.00
Esters from the Reactions of Alkyl Halides and Salts of Carboxylic Acids. A Comprehensive Study of Amine Catalysis.
Concenlrated Brine Production from Sea Water by Electrodialysis Using Ion Exchange Membranes. A demonstration plant was operated two years and more than 7900 hours per
Various amines and amine-alkyl iodide combinations were screened for catalytic activity. Quaternary ammonium salts appear to be the true catalysts. Structural requirements of a good catalyst are discussed.
year. Membranes were usable for more than three years. Two tons of sodium chloride per unit cell were produced annually, concentration 138 grams per liter, and electric power consumption 455 kwh per ton.
Henry E . Hennis, Leonard R. Thompson, and Joe P . Long, The D o w Chemical Company
Reiichi Yamane, Mutsumi Ichikawa, Yukio Mirutani, and Yasuharu Onoue, Tokuyama Soda Company, L i d . , Yamaguchi, Japan.
Ms. 68-1 1
Ms. 68- 18
2 0 p a g e s ( 4 tables)
Subscribers 82.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
Subscribers $3.00
2 7 p a g e s (7figures, 8 tables) VOL.
Nonsubscribers $6.00 60
NO. 4
APRIL
1968
109
R E S E A R C H RESULTS A Note on the Effect of Plate Wettability on Droplet Formation.
ShoMs that contact angle is important to size of droplets a t a horizontal orifice, and existing correlations for nozzles are inadequate for predicting droplet volumes. Suggests taking advantage of decrease in droplet volume to improve performance of sieve trays in liquid-liquid extractors.
L. G . Haynes, D . M . Himmelblau, R. S. Schechfer, Cniversity Texas Ms. 68-21
oj
Subscribers $2.00
13pages ( d j g u r e s , 7 table)
"Vonsubscribers $4.00
The Backflow Cell Model in the Analysis of Tracer Response in Air and Water Phases of a Packed Column. Model is used to
characterize axial backmixing in liquid and gas phases of a packed gas absorption column. Numerical transient response techniques and methods of frequency response analysis using complex matrix methods are given. Gas phase frequency response comparisons are included.
C. V . .McS&ain and L. D . Durbin, Texas .4 2 '2.i Universit)
Ms. 68-30 40pages ( 1 5 j g u r e s )
Subscribers $4.00 Yonsu bscrt bars $8.00
Rapid and Comprehensive Crude Oil Evaluation without Disiillation. New rapid assay method, based on six tests applied to
undistilled crude, provides much information to judge refining value of a crude. Yield and quality of all fractions through asphalt are obtained in two to three hours.
V . Frances Gaylor and Caroline A'. Jones, Standard Oil Company (Ohio) Ms. 68-23
Subscribers $4.00
3 9 p a g e s (XJigures, 9 tables)
Nonsubscribers 58.00
Pyrolysis of Propane in Tubular Flow Reactors: Surface Effects and Kinetics. Stainless steel reactors treated with oxygen, hy-
drogen bromide, and steam and surfaces of plain low carbon steel were very effective in promoting secondary reactions. Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur treatment of reactor surfaces prevented them.
B. L. Crynes and Lyle F . Albright, Purdue Unicersify .MS. 68-33
The Partial Molal Volume of Carbon Dioxide in Water Solutions. From measured volumes of carbon dioxide-water solu-
tions and published solubility data, partial molal volumes of carbon dioxide in water were calculated. Experimental values gave good agreement when compared with predictions of the Krichevsky-Kasarnovsky equation.
William J . Parkinson and iVoel H . de .Vevers, L'ninicersity of Utah
MS.68-24
Subscribers 32.00
18pages (Rjigures, 7 table)
'Vonsu bscribers 64.00
33 pages ( 6 Figures, 3 tables)
Subscribers 54.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
The Effect of Thermal Aging on the Physical Properties of Activated Alumina. Large ranges of values are accessible by
proper thermal, atmospheric, and chemical treatment of activated alumina. Variations u p to 300y0 in surface area and 25'% i n micropore volume have been observed. Opportunities for manipulating properties are indicated.
R. M . Levy, D . J . Bauer, and J . F. Roth, Monsanto Company Steam Reforming of n-Butane at Pressure Over Nickel Urania and Nickel Alumina Catalysts, At 30 atmospheres pressure
Ms. 68-34
Su bscribers 82.00
in a laboratory scale Aow reactor, similar reactions appear to occur on both catalysts. T h e initial reaction products are hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
17 pages (5 tables)
K. S. M . Bhatta and G . M . Dixon, Gas Council Basic Research Group, London, England
Improved Synthesis of Terephthalodinitrile in Fused Salt Reaction Medium. Major disadvantages of a widely used syn-
Subscribers 63.00
thesis reaction are circumvented by use of a fused salt reaction medium. Essentially complete conversion of p-dichlorobenzene should be possible with appropriate reaction-system design and optimization of reaction conditions.
M s . 68-25 2 1 p a g e s ( d j g u r e s , 2 tables)
Sonsubscribers 96.00
The effect of coalescence alone and of coalescence and breakup on mass transfer for systems in which the dispersed phase has uniform residence time is considered in two systems: a well-stirred batch tank; and a streamtube in a laminar flow spray column. A Model for Mass Transfer in a Coalescing Dispersion.
Nonsubscribers $4.00
J . F . .Miller and J . S . ,McNulty, Battelle Mr.Vulty, Battelle Memorial Institute
M s . 68-35
4 pages ( I j g u r e )
Subscribers $1.00 Nonsubscribers 82.00
C. A . Bayens and R. L. Laurence, T h e Johns Hofikins University Subscribers $3.00
M s . 68-27
A70nsubskribers $6.00
Relative Magnitudes of the Thiele Parameters for a Catalyst Having a Bimodal Pore Size Distribution. I t is shown that the
Dehydrogenation of Monocyclic Naphthenes over Platinum on Alumina Catalyst without Added Hydrogen. Rates and en-
Thiele parameter for the microporous region cannot exceed the Thiele parameter for the macropores, and that the size reduction test for mass transfer effects remains valid for a bimodal pore structure.
30pages (Zjgures)
ergies of activation of dehydrogenation of cyclohexane and its methyl and ethyl homologs vary with the number and positions of the groups on the ring and i n space.
.
M s . 68-37
M s . 68-28
6 pages
Subscribers $3.00
26pages ( d j g u r e s , 7 tables)
genated readily in two steps to phenylcyclohexane, then to diphenyl over a platinum on alumina catalyst at 10 to 30 atm., 700 to 1200° F. Reaction rate, conversion, and selectivity indicate this naphthene is a suitable endothermic fuel component for hypersonic aircraft.
A.
W.Ritchie and
'4. C. Nixon, Shell Development Company
M s . 68-29 28pages (7jgurcs, 10 fables)
Subscribers $1 .OO .Vonsubscribers $2.00
Nonsubscribers $6.00
Dehydrogenation of Dicyclohexyl over a Platinum-Alumina Catalyst without Added Hydrogen. Dicyclohexyl dehydro-
110
J . R. Balder and E. E. Petersen, L'nioersify of California
A . W Ritchie and A . C. Xixixon, Shell Development Company
Subscribers 93.00 ,Vonsubscribers $6.00
INDUSTRIAL A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
Statistical Thermodynamics of Simple liquid Mixlures: Henry's Constants. A new partition function, based on a modi-
fied van der Waals' model, has been developed for temperatures above the critical temperature of the solute. Calculations for Henry's constants for methane, nitrogen, and hydrogen in simple liquid solvents illustrate the new function.
R. C. :Miller and J . M . Prausnitz, University of California and National Bureau of Standards
MS.68-40 22pages (Zjgtires, 1 fable)
Subscribers $3.00 Nonsubscribers $6.00
The Polymerization of I-Buten e in Sulfuric Acid: Mechanisms and Rates. Polymerization was studied in an adiabatic capil-
lary flow reactor, T h e major reaction products were 5-methyl2-heptene, 5-methyl-l-heptene, 2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene, and 5methyl-3-heptene. First order rate constant for butene consumption was 3.4 X 104 s e c . 7 at 25’ C.
J . S. Naworski and P. Harriott, Cornell University Ms. 68-42
Subscribers $2.00
20Pages ( 4 j g u r e s , 2 tablm)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Platinum for High-Temperature Crucibles used in Processing Radioactive Wastes. From the standpoint of mechanical
strength and corrosion resistance, platinum is a suitable crucible material and estimated platinum costs are very small, considering relatively large amounts of uranium reprocessed in production of the wastes.
E. J . Tuthill, G. Slrickland, and G. G. Weth, Brookhaven National Laboratory Subscribers $4.00
Ms. 68-44 33 Pages ( 1 1 j g u r e s , 5 tables)
Nonsubscribers 8S.00
A random coalescence model shows that size distributions of pellets are self-preserving and that unique functional relationships exist between parameters of the distributions, irrespective of the particle fines, water content, coalescence rate, and agglomeration time.
Coalescence Model for Granulation.
made by:
P. C. &pur and D . W. Fuerstenau, University of Cnl$ornia
SPRAYING SYSTEMS CO. 3255 Randolph Street Bellwood, Illinois 60104
I
Subscribers $3.00
Ms. (2-45 29 Pages ( l o j g u r e s )
Circle No. 7 on Readers’ Service Card
Nonsubscribers $6.00
Adsorption of Organic Ions by Anion Exchange Resins. Influence of chemical structure of resin on equilibria and kinetics of binding of model organic species is evaluated. High selectivities are produced by combined electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic bonding, the effect of the latter reduced by adding nonaqueous solvents.
Richard L. Gustnfson and Joseph A . Lirio, Rohm and Hnas ComPany
Ms. 68-47
Subscribers 62.00
18Pages ( Z j g u r e s , 4 tables)
Nonsubscribers $4.00
Intermolecular Forces in Water Vapor. Discusses a Kihara potential model for dilute water vapor, which includes dimerization of water molecules, and shows how the model is consistent with experimental compressibility, heat capacity, and viscosity data a t low to moderate densities.
J . P. O’Connell and J . M . Prausnitz, University of California
Ms. 68-48
Subscribers $4.00
31 pages
Intermolecular
Nonsubscribers $8.00
Forces in Aqueous Vapor Mixtures.
BY studying jointly experimental virial coefficients and diffusivities for several aqueous systems, the Kihara parameters for water have been determined within fairly close limits. Sources of experimental data and details of calculational procedures are given.
M . Rigby, J . P. O’Connell, and J . M . Prausnitr, University o j California M S . 68-49 76pnges ( S j g u r e s , 7 table)
Subscribers $2.00 Nonsubscribers $4.00
Next time you need a processing idea why not reach out your hand for CHEMICAL ENGINEERING CATALOG? It’s not only a fact-book, it’s an idea-book too, for process engineers, technicians and plant personnel. Anything you need to know about equipment, materials of construction or specialized services is right there in “the book.” The 5-way index helps you sort out facts, put two and two together, and come up with fresh ideas. CEC puts you in business fast the idea business. Use it for facts! Use it for ideas! Use it to pick the brains of 500 supplier companies!
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ENGINEERING CATALOG
PUBLISHING CORPORATION A subsidiary O f CHAPMAN-REINHOLD INC. 430 PARK AVENU,E. NEW YORK, N.Y. 10022 Circle NO. 2 on Readers’ Servlce Card
VOL. 6 0
NO.
4
APRIL 1968
111
RESEARCH RESULTS Effects of Water and Oxygen during Rolling-Contact Lubrication. Fatigue life of stressed steel surfaces is significantly reduced by the presence of 0.01 7owater dissolved in a refined hy-
Spray Drying: The Unit Operation Today. Current developments are reviewed through individual appraisal of atomization, spray-air contact, and evaporation stages. Aspects of spray dryer operation are discussed in sections o n product application, dryer economics, and new equipment developments.
drocarbon lubricant. A capillary crack condensation mechanism is proposed for this effect. . Dissolved oxygen and water increase corrosive wear.
Keith Masters, Niro Atomizer Lid., Soeborg, Copenhagen, Denmark
Paul Schatzberg aiid Ira M . Felsen, iVauaI Ship Research and Develoflment Center
M s . 68-55
Ms. 68-50
3 8 p a g e ( I table)
Subscribers $4.00
3 1 Pages ( d j g u r e s )
Subscribers $4.00 Nonsubscribers $8.00
Aronsubscribers $8.00 Drag Reduction. Polymer solution, soap solution, and solid suspension drag reduction methods are discussed in detail. Effect of heat transfer is pointed out, and importance of equipment design is emphasized.
A System for Controlling Water Evaporation. A prototype wind-regulated system has been operated on a small lake with
good results. With a 50% reduction in evaporation, cost of water saved on a 2500 acre circular lake is about $6.00 per acre foot, decreasing with increasing reservoir size.
G . R. Patterson, J . L. Zakin, and J . .M. Rodriguez, UniaersitJN of Missouri at Rolla
Castle 0. Reiser, Arizona State University
M s . 68-56
M s . 68-53
Subscribers $4.00
40 Pages ( 7 1Jigures, 4 tables)
Subscribers 54.00
33pages ( G j g u r e s , 7 table)
A'onsubscribers $8.00
A'onsubscribers 58.00 Dropwise Condensation with Fluorocarbon Surface Agents.
Ultrafine Ion Exchange Resins.
Amberlite resins with strong acid, weak acid, strong base, weak base, and nonionic functionality have been developed. Particle size (0.5 to 1.5 microns) affords faster reaction rates than conventional resins and permits compatible incorporation into many suspension systems.
Thin films of fluorinated ethylene telamer, polymer, and propylene copolymer on copper condensing surfaces produce dropwise condensation and improve surface performance. Condenser tubes coated with ethylene polymer and propylene copolymer fluorocarbon promoters showed no degradation during life tests.
Barbara J . Schilltz and Evan H. Crook, Rohm and Hans Company
Fred Earl Witmer and Albert Gomezjlnta, L'niniversitj of .Maryland
Ms. 68-54
Subscribers $2.00
M s . 68-57
ivonsubscribers 54.00
20pages ( 7 j g u r e s , 4 tables)
Subscribers 55.00
46Pages ( 7 j g u r e s , 6 tables)
Nonsubscribers $10.00
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Degussa, Inc.. T. M,Kesslinger & Associates Distillation Products Industries. Rumrill-Hoyt, Inc.
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Engelhard Hanovia, Inc., Hanovia Lamp Division. Keyes, Martin & Co.
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Hardinge Company of Koppers Company, Inc Adams Associates, Inc. Hercules Incorporated. Fuller & Smith & Ross, Inc.
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Kay-Fries Chemicals, Inc.. Warner, Bicking & Fenwick, Inc. Chas. S. Lewis & Co., Inc.. Hal Poth
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Thomas N. J. Koenver Adcertising Sales Director, A C S Publications
2
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111
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112
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103
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SALES REPRESEKTATIVES Petroleum Division, ACS.
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