Article pubs.acs.org/JAFC
Direct Infusion MS-Based Lipid Profiling Reveals the Pharmacological Effects of Compound K‑Reinforced Ginsenosides in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice Jong Cheol Shon,† Hwa-Soo Shin,‡ Yong Ki Seo,# Young-Ran Yoon,§ Heungsop Shin,*,‡ and Kwang-Hyeon Liu*,† †
College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Korea Polytechnic University, Siheung 429-793, Korea # Food Research Center, CJ Jeiljedang, Seoul 152-051, Korea § Department of Biomedical Science and Clinical Trial Center, BK21 PLUS KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 700-734, Korea ‡
S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: The serum lipid metabolites of lean and obese mice fed normal or high-fat diets were analyzed via direct infusion nanoelectrospray−ion trap mass spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis. In addition, lipidomic biomarkers responsible for the pharmacological effects of compound K-reinforced ginsenosides (CK), thus the CK fraction, were evaluated in mice fed highfat diets. The obese and lean groups were clearly discriminated upon principal component analysis (PCA) and partial leastsquares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) score plot, and the major metabolites contributing to such discrimination were triglycerides (TGs), cholesteryl esters (CEs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs), and lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). TGs with high total carbon number (>50) and low total carbon number (0.5 is considered to reflect good predictive capability.38 The reliability of PLS-DA modeling was rigorously validated via permutation testing (n = 999). All of the
variables in the model were selected by the value of variable importance in the projection (VIP) value (>0.7) and p value (
