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•
RESEARCH
Electrical
General Aeronautical
Chemical Mechanical
Source: National Science Foundation
Civil, Sanitary
iWining f Ceramic Ind., Arch.
Engineers Are Big R&D Spenders 15F/o of all collegiate spending for research is done by engineering schools, NSF study shows XINGINEERING SCHOOLS s p e n d
heavily
for research. Their share of the $ 3 0 0 million college a n d university research pie: almost $ 7 5 million, or 2 5 % . Nearly $ 5 5 million of this comes from the Federal Government. Much of this research is centered in electrical and aeronautical engineering, w i t h chemical engineering ranking a p o o r fifth, says a National Science F o u n d a tion survey. T h e survey covers r e search activities in 127 engineering schools for t h e year 1953—54. Separately budgeted research funds, derived from sources such as Government, industry, foundations, a n d grants, add up t o nearly $65 million, with t h e Government accounting for over four fifths. I n t h e nonfederal category, i n dustry supplied the major share w i t h over $6 million. Contracts with the Defense D e p a r t ment account for most of t h e government money, some $48 million. T h e Atomic Energy Commission is a distant second with $4 miïlion. • W h e r e t h e Money Goes. T o p spending honors go to electrical engi-
neering, with nearly $ 1 5 million in separately b u d g e t e d funds. Aeronautical engineering runs a close second with $12.6 million. Chemical engineering? F a r down the list w i t h only $3.6 million. Separately b u d g e t e d spending for all kinds of engineering research totals $54.1 million. All t h e money doesn't go for engineering research, though. " A relatively high p e r c e n t a g e " or 1 6 % of the funds goes for research in t h e physical sciences: • Physics—$3.5 million. • Chemistry—$2.5 million. • All other physical sciences—$4.3 million. On a percentage basis, less government money went into chemical engineering than any of the other t o p five categories. Only two thirds of t h e money spent on chemical engineering came from t h e Government, while Uncle Sam p u t up nearly 9 7 % of t h e electrical engineering research funds and over 9 4 % of t h e aeronautical r e search money. A n d as w i t h engineer-
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Carl Schleicher & Schuell Co. Keene, New Hampshire OCT.
2 1.
·
19 5 7
DepL C-107 C&EH
53
RESEARCH
CURIOSITY IS THE KEY TO PROGRESS
YOU CAN PROFIT FROM CURIOSITY ABOUT
QO THFA Curiosity about QO tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA®) can be rewarding in many different ways to those who investigate it. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is the starting point for such interest ing compounds as dihydropyran, pyridine, glutaric acid, 4-hydroxyvaleraldehyde, 5-(2-tetrahydrofuryl) hydantoin. Solvent uses of T H F A have attracted much attention. Its high boiling point coupled with complete miscibility with water makes it unique. I t s solvency for resins, gums, dyes and complex organic compounds is excellent. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol esters of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are power ful, low volatility brush and weed killers. QO Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol is readily available, safe t o handle and now lower in cost. You ca» profit from curiosity about T H F A . Bulletin 206, yours for t h e asking, gives you physical data, chemistry, uses and general information about this interesting chemical.
The Quaker Qais (prnpatvy CHEMICALS DEPARTMENT QuakejrQats
V 54
333U The Merchandise Mart, Chicago 5 4 , Illinois Room 5 3 3 U , 120 W a l l Street, N e w Y o r k 5, N e w York Room 433U, 48 S.E. Hawthorne Blvd., P o r t l a n d 1 4 , O r e g o n I n E u r o p e : Quaker Oats-Graanproducten N. V., Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Quaker Oats (France) S. Α., 3, Rue Pillet-Wfll, Paris IX, France; A / S ' O t a / ' Copenhagen, S. Denmark I n Australia: Swift & Company, Ltd., Sydney I n J a p a n : F. Kanematsu & Company, Ltd., Tokyo
Ψύ QO
C& EN
OCT.
2 I.
I 957
ing research, relatively fewer govern ment dollars found their way to research in chemistry. Indecisive best describes the basic vs. applied battle for the research dol lar. Applied research has a slight edge, with 5 5 % of the total separately bud geted kitty. Nonfederal money leaned a bit more heavily toward applied re search (58%), but again the margin is narrow. Differing interpretations of definition cloud the issue somewhat, says NSF. Most engineering schools have rela tively small separately budgeted ex penditures. This is pretty much the situation with colleges and universities as a whole, says NSF. But a few schools loom large on this score: 18 out of 109 schools ran over the $1 million mark. Two were over $5 million. Once again, federal money casts a big shadow. The schools reporting the larger amounts for research got the money from the Government. Only two schools got $1 million or more from nongovernment sources, while 15 got $1 mdlion or more from federal sources, reports NSF.
• A cadmium-containing protein
has
been isolated from the cortex (outer layer) of the horse kidney by investiga tors at Harvard medical school and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. The ex act physiological function of the cad mium has not yet been determined, but its presence, the researchers say, bears out an earlier hypothesis that cad mium, like zinc, should be part of nat urally-occurring protein molecules. The metal has never before shown any biological importance. • A new antibiotic which may prove effective against stubborn germs has been developed by Bristol Laboratories of Syracuse, Ν. Υ. Bristol scientists told the Fifth Annual Symposium on Antibiotics that this drug, called telomycin, is extremely potent against gram-positive bacteria, a class which includes staphylococci, streptococci, pneumoeocei, and diplococci. It has proved a better weapon than either penicillin or erythromycin in combatting staphylococci, the germs which cause bails, pneumonia, blood poisoning, and severe diarrheas. So far, telomycin has been tested only against infections in mice.
