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Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of FASnI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Hydrazinium Chloride (N2H5Cl) Co-Additive Md. Emrul Kayesh, Towhid Hossain Chowdhury, Kiyoto Matsuishi, Ryuji Kaneko, Said Kazaoui, Jae-Joon Lee, Takeshi Noda, and Ashraful Islam ACS Energy Lett., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00645 • Publication Date (Web): 11 Jun 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on June 11, 2018
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ACS Energy Letters
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of FASnI3 Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Hydrazinium Chloride (N2H5Cl) Co-Additive Md. Emrul Kayesh1, 2, Towhid H. Chowdhury1, Kiyoto Matsuishi3*, Ryuji Kaneko1, 4, Said Kazaoui5, Jae-Joon Lee6, Takeshi Noda1, Ashraful Islam1* 1
Photovoltaic Materials Group, Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental
Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047, Japan 2
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan 3
Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
4
College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8308, Japan
5
Research Center for Photovoltaics (RCPV), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Department of Energy & Materials Engineering & Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting and Conversion Technology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
ABSTRACT: For the fabrication of efficient Sn based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), deposition of uniform and pinhole free perovskite films with low Sn4+ content remains a crucial factor. Here in this work, we present a co-additive engineering process by introduction of hydrazinium chloride (N2H5Cl) in a single precursor solvent system to fabricate FASnI3 perovskite films. The successful integration of N2H5Cl results in reduced concentration of Sn4+ content by 20% in FASnI3 film leading to suppressed carrier recombination and pinhole free uniform coverage. These remarkable improvements in FASnI3 film results in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Sn based PSC up to 5.4%, thanks to a significant increase in open circuit voltage (VOC). Moreover the best PSC without encapsulation showed stable shelf-life up to 1000 h with retaining 65 % of it’s initial PCE.
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ACS Energy Letters
Perovskite compounds are expressed by a general formula ABX3, where B atom is a divalent metal cation (typically Pb2+, Sn2+ or Ge2+ etc.), X is the monovalent anion (such as F-, Cl-, Br-, or I- etc.) and A is a monovalent cation to maintain charge neutrality which can be an inorganic or small organic molecule such as methylammonium or formamidium.1-2 With significant contribution from researchers around the world, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been improved from 3.6% to over 22.7% within a few years.3-4 However, all the reported high efficiency PSCs are generally constructed with Pb as the divalent metal in the perovskite compound which hinders the large-scale commercial production without any specified protocol for the vast amount of toxic Pb handling in the industrial production level. As a result, numerous researches are in constant pursuit to replace Pb with nontoxic metals such as Sn, Cu, Ge and Bi without compromising the favorable optoelectronic properties of the perovskite absorber.5-8 Among these, Sn based halide perovskite (ASnX3) has similar or even superior optoelectronic properties in comparison to Pb-based perovskites. Besides being less toxic, ASnX3 perovskites contain favorable optoelectronic properties, such as- high light absorption competence, extremely high carrier mobility and bandgap of 1.2 eV-1.4 eV.9-10 However, Sn-based perovskite compounds implemented in PSCs show poor photovoltaic performances
reaching only up to 9% of PCE .11-
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One of the reason for such limited
performance is attributed to the facial tendency of oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ state in Sn based perovskite film in ambient environment or even in glovebox with parts per million (ppm) level of water and oxygen (
