Article pubs.acs.org/jced
Equilibrium Solubility of Sodium 2,4-Diaminobenzenesulfonate in Binary NaCl + H2O, Na2SO4 + H2O, and C2H5OH + H2O Solvent Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures from 273.15 K to 323.15 K Rongrong Li,*,†,‡ Ming Jiang,§ Chenglin Wu,† Yujing You,† Stephen Louis Romano,∥ and Hongkun Zhao*,⊥ †
Institute of Organic Process & Chemical Engineering, TaiZhou University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, P. R. China Institute of Industrial Catalysis, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, P. R. China § School of Life Science, TaiZhou University, Linhai, Zhejiang, 317000, P. R. China ∥ Faculty of Engineering Science, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada ⊥ College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, YangZhou University, YangZhou, Jiangsu, 225002, P. R. China ‡
ABSTRACT: The solubility of sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate in binary NaCl + H2O, Na2SO4 + H2O, and C2H5OH + H2O solvent mixtures were measured at elevated temperatures from 273.15 K to 323.15 K by a steady-state method. The results of these data were correlated by a modified Apelblat equation.
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INTRODUCTION Sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate (CAS Registry No. 317722-8) is an important intermediate in the manufacturing of dyes for leather, wool, cotton, and cosmetics.1 It is obtained by the sulfonation of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene followed by reduction, generally using iron and hydrochloric acid.2,3 The products formed from this kind of method include 2-amino-4acetanilidobenzenesulfonic acid, 2,4-diaminobenzenedisulfonic acid, and 4-aminobenzamide-N-(3-aminobenzene-4-sulfonic acid) in various proportions, which were obtained through acetylation, sulfonation, and condensation, respectively. These acids then undergo a precipitation reaction with NaCl to form the desired sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate.4−6 The entire process is necessary to purify the sodium 2,4diaminobenzenesulfonate product. However, it is very difficult to separate high-purity sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate from the mixture. The profitable product of sodium 2,4diaminobenzenesulfonate is produced via crystallization in NaCl, Na2SO4, or C2H5OH aqueous solution. To purify sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate using a simple method, the solubility of sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate in binary NaCl + H2O, Na2SO4 + H2O, and C2H5OH + H2O solvent mixtures are needed. On the basis of this problem, we recently published a paper on the solubility of sodium 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate in NaCl, Na2SO4, and C2H5OH aqueous solution.7 Although the solubility data of sodium 2,4-diaminobenzene© 2013 American Chemical Society
sulfonate in NaCl, Na2SO4, and C2H5OH aqueous solution is very significant to the crystallization process, up to now, no literature have been reported on the solubility of sodium 2,4diaminobenzenesulfonate.8−10 Therefore, the present work is concerned with a systematic determination of the solubility of sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate in binary NaCl + H2O, Na2SO4 + H2O, and C2H5OH + H2O solvent mixtures was determined by steady-state method from 273.15 K to 323.15 K.11−15 The results of these measurements were correlated by a modified Apelblat equation.
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EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
Chemicals. Sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate with a mass purity of 0.995 was supplied by YuanCheng Chemical Co. Ltd. (China), which was used without further purification. The mass fraction purity of sodium 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonate was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and determined to be no less than 0.995. Na2SO4 and NaCl had a mass purity of 0.998 and 0.996, respectively, and were supplied by Shenyang Chemical Reagent Co. C2H5OH was purchased by Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co. and had a mass purity of Received: June 27, 2013 Accepted: October 16, 2013 Published: October 28, 2013 3160
dx.doi.org/10.1021/je4006079 | J. Chem. Eng. Data 2013, 58, 3160−3164
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
Article
Table 1. Mole Fraction Solubility x of Sodium 2,4-Diaminobenzenesulfonate in (1 − w) Water + w Sodium Sulfate between 273.15 K and 323.15 K under a Pressure of 0.1 MPaa w=0
a
w = 0.02
w = 0.05
w = 0.10
w = 0.20
T/K
xi
103 RD
xi
103 RD
xi
103 RD
xi
103 RD
xi
103 RD
273.15 278.15 283.15 288.15 293.15 298.15 303.15 308.15 313.15 318.15 323.15
0.01187 0.01291 0.01454 0.01640 0.01893 0.02134 0.02421 0.02724 0.03127 0.03495 0.03856
0.47 0.01 −0.06 −0.20 0.13 0.04 0.11 0.04 0.47 0.15 −0.84
0.00943 0.01031 0.01150 0.01369 0.01569 0.01815 0.02134 0.02472 0.02747 0.03102 0.03603
0.45 0.01 −0.30 0.09 −0.01 0.15 0.54 0.82 −0.13 −0.78 −0.57
0.00660 0.00719 0.00815 0.00950 0.01140 0.01328 0.01552 0.01787 0.02075 0.02341 0.02692
0.40 0.00 −0.19 −0.18 0.20 0.28 0.32 0.27 0.25 −0.39 −0.78
0.00339 0.00370 0.00457 0.00548 0.00688 0.00854 0.01046 0.01280 0.01520 0.01799 0.02136
0.41 0.00 0.00 −0.15 −0.02 0.11 0.16 0.30 0.10 −0.21 −0.54
0.00088 0.00120 0.00155 0.00185 0.00222 0.00264 0.00350 0.00439 0.00547 0.00760 0.00983
−0.10 0.00 0.08 0.03 −0.04 −0.18 −0.05 −0.11 −0.24 0.31 0.47
RD = (xi − xcalc i )/xi; w is the mass fraction of sodium sulfate in water. Expanded uncertainties u are ur(w) = 0.02, u(T) = 0.02 K, and ur(x) = 0.02.
Table 2. Mole Fraction Solubility x of Sodium 2,4-Diaminobenzenesulfonate in (1 − w) Water + w Sodium Chloride between 273.15 K and 323.15 K under a Pressure of 0.1 MPaa w = 0.01
a
w = 0.05 3
w = 0.10 3
w = 0.20 3
T/K
xi
10 RD
xi
10 RD
xi
10 RD
xi
103 RD
273.15 278.15 283.15 288.15 293.15 298.15 303.15 308.15 313.15 318.15 323.15
0.00819 0.00902 0.01036 0.01221 0.01489 0.01736 0.02001 0.02250 0.02540 0.02930 0.03465
0.55 0.00 −0.24 −0.19 0.39 0.46 0.41 −0.10 −0.60 −0.60 0.35
0.00404 0.00459 0.00583 0.00760 0.00953 0.01178 0.01418 0.01635 0.01875 0.02223 0.02732
0.56 0.00 −0.10 0.07 0.13 0.28 0.18 −0.25 −0.85 −0.57 1.22
0.00184 0.00240 0.00307 0.00407 0.00565 0.00708 0.00893 0.01045 0.01187 0.01394 0.01646
0.09 0.00 −0.14 −0.15 0.24 0.25 0.50 0.25 −0.33 −0.46 −0.24
0.00049 0.00075 0.00104 0.00135 0.00186 0.00238 0.00280 0.00349 0.00438 0.00492 0.00587
−0.04 0.00 0.01 −0.04 0.04 0.06 −0.10 −0.05 0.12 −0.09 0.06
RD = (xi − xcalc i )/xi; w is the mass fraction of sodium chloride in water. Expanded uncertainties u are ur(w) = 0.02, u(T) = 0.02 K, and ur(x) = 0.02.
0.999. The water was twice-distilled (conductivity
