Essential Oils and Related Products ERNEST GUENTHER
AND
EDWARD E. LANGENAU
Fritzsrhe Brothers, Znc., A e wY o r k , N . Y .
T
HIS annual review of analytic~al proctdurrs for eweiitial oils and related products follow;2 the general outline e s t a b lished in the two previous reviews (22, &9). Several iniportant publications of intertbst to the tvsrntial oil chemist have appeared and are discussed below in some detail. During the year very little original work has t)wn reportcd whirh deals directly with the annlysis of e w ~ n t i a oils. l
( 4 2 ) has been omitted; ho\rever, the close limits established for tho physical properties (especially for the specific gravity) wem xdequate t o assure a high glycol content. Following the principle alwady rstahlished by the Xational Formulary, the United State- Pharnixcopeia noJy makes u g of a new whhcading in the monographs for rssrntial oils, “Solubility ILI -% :drohol”; this is t o iridicatc that such data for wlubility in dilutts alcohol rrsprcwnt specifications for purity and are not t o he coiifused with the supplerncntary informative statcm~iits \\ hich a p p a r tu1dt.r the subheading “8olubility.” I n the nionograph for pcp~wrtiiintoil, the color test of the ( 6 7 ) is r c d o p t c d t o assure the absence of ( ~ l t ~ v e n trevision h ndultcmtion with oil of J I ~ n t h n a n e n r i s Such color tmts genr,rally are unsatisfactory for v\wntial oils; however, the prcwiit test is preferable t o thv furfural test of thr thirtecnth revision ( 6 8 ) Sevcrnl minor modificatious h:tvt, Iiceii made in order t o improve certain tests and a s s ~ y s ,and to bring specifications of the physical properties within accrptrd limits. T h e rdnth edition of the Kational Forinulary ( 4 S ) , which also became official on Sovemher 1, lO.iO, includes monographs for the following itemq:
OFFICI4L CORIPE‘YDIA
The fourteenth revision of thv 1’h:irniwopt~ix of thc 17nited States (69) was published duiing t h c year and tiecamc, official on S o v e m b r r 1, 1950. l l o n o p r a p h ~are includeti foi tho t’olloning produrts of intrrcst to thc ew,iiti:ll oil trade: Pa ‘1v
Essential oils Anise oil Betula oil Birch oil, sweet Cassia oil Cinnamon oil (ca.n*iit oil) Clove oil Coriander oil Fennel oil Gaultheria oil Lavender oil Lemon oil Myristica oil Nutmeg oil, East, Indian Nutmeg oil, K e s t Indinti Orange oil Peppermint oil Rose oil lioseniary oil Sassafras oil Spearrrlint oil Wintergreen oil Synthetics and isolateh Benzyl benzoate Camphor Dimethyl phthalate Eucalyptol Eugenol Menthol Methyl salicylate Propylene glycol Saccharin sodium Vanillin Balsams. etc. Benzoin Orange flower wstrr Peruvian balsam Rode water I h e water, atronprr Storax
Tolu balsam
50 364
364 142 142 144 158
244 364 316 316 371 371 371
Page
Isbential oil5 Almond oil, hitter
Bay oil Bergamot oil Birch tar oil. reotifird CarawaJ- oil Cardanloin oil (’hrnopodiuin oil F:uoalyptuq oil Juniper oil Myrcia oil Xeroli oil Orange oil, bittrr Orange flower oil Pirnenta oil Pine needle oil. dwarf (oi1;of
405
442 519
521 529
565 364
80 109
193
24 1 243 338 364 694 523
I’inzis
657
78 405 447 519 52 1 57 1 629
Oil of euoalyptus, oil of ctitfe (junipcr tar), and t,hyniol, which formerly a p p e a r 4 in the thirteenth revision, have i i c ~ c ~ rtransi ferrtd t o the liitrst, edition of the Sational Formulai~y. .I nciv motlograph for dimethyl phthalate has been addcd. Oil of cedar leaves has been delettd; this oil had been introrluctd wartime substitute for the i n q i o r t d lavendrr oil in prvlxiring official tincture of green soap. Rcc:tuse of t,he increased importance ( I I propyk~iw g l y c ~ l as a solvent), this item has t x v t i tr:tnsfwrtd from t h r S:iI ioii:i I Forniulary t o the United Strtttls Pharm:~eop(.i:i. ‘I%, ruiiitit~rsoniv : I S P R ~ for glycol conteitt ( ~ h i r l i: i p p t ~ ~ i xi i ~i Itht, S.1:. \‘I11 217
pumilio)
Pine oil Pants1 oil Tal. oil. re(.tificd Thyme oil Turperiti~ic.oil Turpeiitine oil, revtified \Voriiiseed oil. Atiiwicaii Syiit1ietic.i aid iso1:iti.s Anethole Benzaldehyde Beiizl.1 alcohol (~iiii~a!iialrichydr~ (’ouniar in ICtliyl acetate Iaopropvl alcohol Met h~-lcellulo~r Oleyl alrohol
27
342 82 83 123
126 136 20 1 282
342 364
363 364 387 387 388 443 3 3 ,543 559 ,563 1%
51 78 80 152
171 199
278 3: -i 1 311c)
Stearic arid
502
Terpin hg-dratc. Thyniol
,5:3($
Untiev.vleiiii, ; a v i d Balsani3, etr.
C’ade oil ( * ~ ~ & 1 . 9 i C U( IJ ~~:M., 21, 1454 (1949). (65) Stempel. B.. %. anat. Chem., 129, 232-3 (1949). (66) Trozzolo. A. 11..and Lieber, E., ANAL.CHEM., 22, 764 (1950). (67) C.S. Pharmacopeia, 11th revision. p. 259, Easton. Pa., black Printing Co., 1936. (68) Ibid., 13th revisioii, p. 390, 1947. (69) Ibid.. 14th revision. 1950. (70) Talentin. F. H. H., J . 5. Africa/L C ' h c n ~Irist., . [ S . S . ]2, 59 (1949). (71) Wilson, J. B., J . Assoc. O f i c . d g r . Cheniisfb, 33, 302 (19501. K W E I V E D Sovember 9,1950.
