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Facile and highly effective synthesis of controllable lattice sulfurdoped graphene quantum dots via hydrothermal treatment of durian Gang Wang, Qinglei Guo, Da Chen, Zhiduo Liu, Xiaohu Zheng, Anli Xu, Siwei Yang, and Guqiao Ding ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16002 • Publication Date (Web): 19 Jan 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on January 19, 2018
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Facile and highly effective synthesis of controllable lattice sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots via hydrothermal treatment of durian Gang Wang*,†,┴, Qinglei Guo‡,||,┴, Da Chen†,┴, Zhiduo Liu#, Xiaohu Zheng&, Anli Xu†, Siwei Yang*,§ and Guqiao Ding*,§ †
Department of Microelectronic Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China.
§
State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
‡
Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
#
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China. &
International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University,
Beijing 100871, China. ||
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials
Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. ┴
Gang Wang, Qinglei Guo and Da Chen contributed equally to this work.
*Correspondence
to:
[email protected];
[email protected];
[email protected] KEYWORDS: Graphene quantum dots, photoluminescence, lattice doping, quantum yield, bio-compatibility
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ABSTRACT: Recently, the biomass “bottom-up” approach for the synthesis of graphene quantum dots have attracted broad interest because of the outstanding features, including low-cost, rapid and environmentally friendly nature. However, the low crystalline quality of products, substitutional doping with heteroatoms in lattice and ambiguous reaction mechanism strongly challenge the further development of this technique. Herein, we proposed a facile and effective strategy to prepare controllable sulfur (S) doping in graphene quantum dots, occurring in a lattice substitution manner, by hydrothermal treatment of durian with platinum catalyst. S atoms in graphene quantum dots are demonstrated to exist in the thiophene structure, resulting good optical and chemical stabilities, as well as ultrahigh quantum yield. Detailed mechanism of the hydrothermal reaction progress was investigated. High-efficiency reforming-cyclization provided by platinum was evidenced by the co-existence of diversified sp2 fused heterocyclic compounds and thiophene derivatives. Moreover, we also demonstrated that saccharides in durian with small molecular weight (
