Fifty Years of Ozonation at Nice - Advances in Chemistry (ACS

Fifty Years of Ozonation at Nice HENRI LEBOUT

Downloaded by AUBURN UNIV on September 12, 2017 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: January 1, 1959 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1959-0021.ch059

Municipal Water Control Laboratory, Nice, France

Since 1906 the water of Nice, France, has been sterilized by ozone. Operating data are given for two treating plants. Water sterilized by ozone does not have an unpleasant taste. Mineral substances are not generally modified by the process, and no foreign substances are introduced. A clear water containing ozone in solution which persists from 3 to 10 minutes, according to the temperature of the treated water, is sterile from a practical standpoint.

I n 1904 t h e c i t y of N i c e , a u t h o r i z e d b y t h e F r e n c h H i g h e r C o u n c i l of P u b l i c H y g i e n e , a d o p t e d ozone, a n d 2 y e a r s l a t e r t h e s t e r i l i z a t i o n of w a t e r b y ozone w a s p u t i n p r a c t i c e o n a n i n d u s t r i a l scale f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n F r a n c e . S i n c e t h e n , n u m e r o u s t o w n s h a v e followed t h e example of N i c e . I n 5 0 y e a r s , t h e p o p u l a t i o n of N i c e has i n c r e a s e d f r o m 150,000 t o 250,000 i n h a b i t a n t s ; t h e n u m b e r of w a t e r w o r k s h a s i n c r e a s e d f r o m one t o f o u r ; t h e q u a n t i t y of w a t e r s t e r i l i z e d d a i l y b y ozone h a s i n c r e a s e d f r o m j u s t o v e r 5,000,000 t o a l m o s t 20,000,000 g a l l o n s . H o w e v e r , t h e process of s t e r i l i z a t i o n r e m a i n s t h e same because i t has a l w a y s p r o d u c e d g o o d r e s u l t s .

Sources o f

Water

O n e q u a r t e r of t h e w a t e r comes f r o m t h e S a i n t e T h é c l e s p r i n g s a n d t h e r e m a i n i n g f r o m t h e Vésubie R i v e r . T h e s p r i n g s of S t e . T h é c l e emerge f r o m l i m e s t o n e fissures i n t h e m i d s t of c u l t i v a t e d l a n d . T h e w a t e r i s f r e q u e n t l y p o l l u t e d , e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g p e r i o d s of r a i n a n d i r r i g a t i o n ; i t i s b r o u g h t b y a stone a q u e d u c t t o t h e B o n - V o y a g e p l a n t w h e r e i t is filtered a n d s t e r i l i z e d . T h e Vésubie is a t o r r e n t i a l r i v e r . A w a t e r i n t a k e h a s b e e n i n s t a l l e d a t t h e e l e v a t i o n of S a i n t - J e a n L a R i v i è r e a b o u t 2 0 m i l e s f r o m N i c e . T h e b a n k s of t h e u p p e r a n d m i d d l e Vésubie a r e p o p u l a t e d w i t h s u m m e r r e s o r t s , a n d t h e w a t e r i s o f t e n t u r b i d . T h e w a t e r is s t o r e d i n five u n c o v e r e d m a s o n r y r e s e r v o i r s h a v i n g a t o t a l c a p a c i t y , of o v e r 21,000,000 g a l l o n s . I t is filtered a n d s t e r i l i z e d a t t h e R i m i e z p l a n t as n e e d e d . O n a r r i v a l a t N i c e , t h e w a t e r f r o m S t e . T h é c l e a n d L a Vésubie is o f t e n opalescent, t u r b i d , or even m u d d y , a n d always contains pathogenic bacteria a n d various sapro p h y t i c g e r m s . B e f o r e d e l i v e r y f o r u t i l i z a t i o n , i t i s filtered a n d o z o n a t e d .

Properties of W a t e r

Sterilized by

Ozone

O r g a n o l e p t i c C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . V i e w e d i n d e p t h , t h e filtered w a t e r o f t e n l o o k s g r a y . A f t e r ozonation, t h e water appears blue, like the water f r o m glaciers. D u r i n g floods, t h e w a t e r of t h e Vésubie o f t e n tastes a n d smells e a r t h y , b u t a f t e r 450

OZONE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1959.

451

L E B O U T - O Z O N A T I O N AT NICE

JAN CLOUDYOPALESCENT — CLEAR — . ^CLOUDYOPALESCENT — . CLEAR -

FEB «

MAR

APR ι

1

MAY 1

JUN 1

JUL 1

APPEARANCE APPEARANCE

AUG

SEP

1

OF

OCT

1

FILTERED

>

NOV 1

DEC 1

WATER

OF O Z O N A T E D

WATER

T E M P E R A T U R E OF OZONATED WATER [PRESENCEI ABSENCE -

B. PUTRID A F T E R

OZONATION


B.COLI A F T E R F I L T R A T I O N (PER

B.COLI SHUT-DOWNS: C A N A L

Figure 1.

FROM

AFTER THE

LITER)

OZONATION

V E S U B I E - APRIL

2 6 , O C T O B E R 18

Operating data for Bon-Voyage plant

o z o n a t i o n i t is odorless a n d tasteless. U n l i k e c h l o r i n e o r c h l o r i n e p r o d u c t s , ozone n e v e r generates u n p l e a s a n t tastes. C h e m i c a l C o m p o s i t i o n . O z o n e o f t e n adds o x y g e n t o t h e t r e a t e d w a t e r t h r o u g h a e r a t i o n a c c o m p a n y i n g t h e p u r i f i c a t i o n process. B e c a u s e of t h e c h l o r o p h y l l i a n a c t i o n of s a n d - f i l t e r algae, t h e w a t e r c a n b e c o m e s u p e r s a t u r a t e d w i t h o x y g e n . This phe nomenon explains t h e oxygen reduction sometimes observed after ozonation. Thus o z o n a t i o n p l a y s t h e p a r t of a r e g u l a t o r of t h e o x y g e n c o n t e n t of t h e w a t e r . T h e a c t i o n of ozone a p p r e c i a b l y reduces n o t o n l y t h e p r o p o r t i o n of free a m m o n i a i n t h e w a t e r , b u t also t h e p r o p o r t i o n of a l b u m i n o i d a m m o n i a a n d o r g a n i c substances. M i n e r a l substances a r e i n g e n e r a l n o t m o d i f i e d b y t h e o z o n a t i o n process. However,

1

mm.

JAN

ι

FEB

»

MAR

1

OPALESCENT^

APR

1

MAY

1

JUN

APPEARANCE APPEARANCE

1

OF

JUL

1

AUG

1

FILTERED

OF O Z O N A T E D

SEP

1

OCT

1

NOV

1

DEC

1

WATER WATER

T E M P E R A T U R E OF OZONATED WATER {"PRESENCE [ABSENCE -

B. PUTRID A F T E R

ΓΣϋδ~-

B.COLI SHUT-DOWNS:

AFTER

OZONATION

OZONATION

C A N A L FROM T H E VESUBIE - APRIL 2 6 , OCTOBER 18 NO. I SECONDARY

CHANNEL-APRIL

26,

MAY 4, O C T O B E R 18 a 2 5

NO.2 SECONDARY

CHANNEL-APRIL

26,

MAY 4, O C T O B E R 18 β 2 5

Figure 2 .

Operating data for Rimiez plant


452

A D V A N C E S IN CHEMISTRY SERIES


calcium carbonate is sometimes l i g h t l y precipitated a n d reduced i r o n , i f present, is oxidized t o the insoluble hydroxide. O z o n a t i o n of w a t e r i n t r o d u c e s n o f o r e i g n substances. O n t h e c o n t r a r y , because of t h e n o t i c e a b l e r e d u c t i o n i n o r g a n i c substances, t h e o z o n a t e d w a t e r i s less c o n d u c i v e t o the development of foreign bacteria. B a c t e r i o l o g i c a l E x a m i n a t i o n s . A c l e a r w a t e r c o n t a i n i n g ozone i n s o l u t i o n w h i c h persists f r o m 3 t o 10 m i n u t e s , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e m p e r a t u r e of t h e t r e a t e d w a t e r , i s sterile f r o m a p r a c t i c a l s t a n d p o i n t . S a m p l i n g a n d b a c t e r i o l o g i c a l e x a m i n a t i o n s a r e c a r r i e d o u t a c c o r d i n g t o t h e t e c h n i q u e a n d m e t h o d s of t h e M o n t s o u r i s L a b o r a t o r y . E x a m i n a t i o n s a r e m a d e f o r E. coli, Enterococcus, a n d CI. perfringens, a n d a count is made on gelatin. I n 1955 1770 s a m p l e s of N i c e o z o n a t e d w a t e r w e r e e x a m i n e d . N o n e r e v e a l e d t h e presence of p a t h o g e n i c b a c t e r i a . O z o n a t e d w a t e r i s o f t e n s t e r i l e — t h a t i s , d e v o i d of a l l g e r m s . T h e u s u a l n u m b e r of h a r m l e s s b a c t e r i a a n d s p o r u l a t i n g g e r m s v a r i e s f r o m 5 t o 15 p e r m l . Figures 1 a n d 2 give operating data for the B o n - V o y a g e a n d R i m i e z plants which use w a t e r f r o m t h e Vésubie R i v e r . A s c a n b e seen, t h e t r e a t e d w a t e r f r o m t h e t w o ozone p l a n t s i s excellent f r o m a l l p o i n t s of v i e w . RECEIVED

for review June 19, 1957.

Accepted June 19, 1957.


Fifty Years of Ozonation at Nice - Advances in Chemistry (ACS

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