Forensic Science

Downloaded by 80.82.77.83 on January 10, 2018 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: June 1, 1975 | doi: 10.1021/bk-1975-0013.ix001

INDEX Bloodstain (continued) Ε Α Ρ activity loss i n d r i e d 155,157 Ε Α Ρ t y p i n g of aged 157 G m a n d I n v t y p i n g of 146 identification t h r o u g h genetic markers 53 radioimmunoassay 146 stability of Ε Α Ρ phenotvpes, dried \ 151,157 Bullet 83,85,86,88

A B O antigenic system 142 A B O b l o o d group 156,160 Accelerant residues 108 Acetylcodeine 171 A c i d phosphatase test 186 Adenosine deaminase ( A D A ) 143 A d e n y l a t e kinase ( A K ) 143,145 A l c o h o l abuse cases 165 A l l o y s , ferromagnetic 67 Aluminum 66 A n t h r o p o l o g i c a l classification of bloodstains 146 A n t i g e n i c systems 142 Antimony 88, 92, 9 9 , 1 0 3 , 1 9 0 Antisera 48 A r s o n debris 108,109,110,112 Asphalt 130 A t o m i c absorption spectroscopy 97,100,167,170 A u t o paint color chips 50

C

Β Bacteria, putrefactive 151 Ballistics file searching system, automated 84 Ballistics identification system, computer-based 85 Barbiturates 32,34 Barium 88, 91, 9 9 , 1 0 2 B i o l o g i c a l matrix, extraction of toxic agent f r o m 167 B i o l o g i c a l samples, analysis of bar biturates f r o m 32 B i o l o g i c a l samples, extraction of homogenized 167 B l e n d analysis 129 Blood analysis , 48 antigens 142 dried 53 Ε Α Ρ phenotypes i n clotted 151,155 frequency d i s t r i b u t i o n data 48 genetic markers i n 147 groups A B O , Μ Ν a n d R h 156,160 identification 49, 146 p o l y m o r p h i c proteins i n 142 samples for d r u g or alcohol abuse cases 165 Bloodstain analysis 48,142 anthropological classification of 146

C a l i b r a t i o n data 90 C a v i t a t i o n , ultrasonic 66 Cellulose triacetate 120 extension analysis, flat 121 Central-Limit Theorem 94 Chemical ionization 168 C h e m i c a l potential 64 Chromatography 32, 34,108 Cloth 188 Coatings 128,131 Codeine 171 C o l d - w o r k e d crystals 62 Cold working 66 C o m p a r i s o n microscope 83 C o m p o s i t e products characterization, organic-inorganic 61 C o m p o s i t i o n a l analysis ( E D A ) , energy dispersive 75, 76 C o m p u t e r - b a s e d ballistics identifica tion system 85 C o m p u t e r i z e d crime laboratory infor mation system, n a t i o n w i d e 50 Copper 99 C o r r o b o r a t i v e evidence 138 Cost of the forensic science degree program , 18 C o t t o n swab technique 88, 99 C o u p l e d analyses 78 C o u r t acceptance of scientific tech niques 56 C o u r t cases, i n k analysis i n 138 C r i m e scene examinations 28 Criminal Investigation, role of p h y s i c a l evi dence i n 24 justice education consortium, national 29 justice system, c r i m e laboratory i n 23 C r i m i n a l i s t i c laboratory case-load areas i n 164

199

Davies; Forensic Science ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1975.

200

FORENSIC

C r i m i n a l i s t i c laboratory (continued) i n the c r i m i n a l justice system, role of 23 effectiveness of 47, 55 exercises 25 i n f o r m a t i o n system 50 investigations , 28 management a n d evaluation of 45 proficiency testing 54 techniques 48 for t h e r m a l analysis 117 C r i m i n a l i s t i c s ( see Forensic science ) Crystals 62, 63, 80


D D e a t h , d e t e r m i n i n g cause of 166 Decay curves 185,194 properties 186 time 183 D e f o r m a t i o n of metal, plastic 62 Densitometer tracings, p h o t o g r a p h y 152 D e r i v a t i z e d heroin 171,176 D i f f e r e n t i a l scanning calorimetry (DSC) 114,117,128 D i f f r a c t i o n analysis, x-ray 70 1,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 185 D i r e c t extraction of h o m o g e n i z e d b i o l o g i c a l samples 167 D i s c h a r g e residue detection, firearms 104, 105 D i s l o c a t i o n m o t i o n t h r o u g h a crys talline array 63 D i s t i l l a t i o n recovery of arson debris, steam 110 D o u b l e k n i t polyester fiber 124 Drugs 33,130,164,165 Dyes, ink 32, 33

Ε Eaton's corrasable b o n d paper 34 E d u c a t i o n consortium, national c r i m i n a l justice 29 E d u c a t i o n , forensic science 1, 4 at Northeastern U n i v e r s i t y , graduate 28 programs 13,35 E d u c a t o r s i n forensic science 10 E l e c t r i c a l resistivity 67 E l e c t r o c h e m i c a l serial n u m b e r recovery 64, 66 Electroetching 66 E l e c t r o n diffraction methods 137 E l e c t r o n i c microbalance 117 Electrophoresis of Ε Α Ρ phenotypes 154,156,158 for genetic marker identification in blood 147 P G M and A K 145 starch-gel 152

SCIENCE

E l e c t r o p h o r e t i c patterns, Ε Α Ρ phenotype 131,154 E l e m e n t a l constitution 75 E m i s s i o n spectra 183 E n c o d i n g system 68 E n e r g y dispersive compositional analysis ( E D A ) 75, 79, 80 E n e r g y dispersive x-ray 167 E n v i r o n m e n t a l factors o n starch g e l electrophoretic patterns 151 Enzyme 167 Enzymes, polymorphic 142 E r y t h r o c y t i c a c i d phosphatase (ΕΑΡ) 143 activity 152,155,157 among b l o o d groups, distri b u t i o n of 156,160 electrophoretic patterns 1 5 1 , 1 5 4 , 1 5 6 , 1 5 8 phenotypes 151 schematic 145 stability of 151,153 t y p i n g of aged bloodstains 157 E r y t h r o c y t i c systems 143 E t c h i n g , visualization of m e t a l defects b y 64 E t h y l acetate liver extract of bar biturates 34 Evidence applications, forensic 75 corroborative 138 physical 14, 24, 28 Examinations, crime scene 28 E x c i t a t i o n , spectra 183 E x p e r t witness 17 E x t e n s i o n analysis of fibers 121,125

Fabric 124,128 F e r r o m a g n e t i c alloys 67 Fiber(s) analysis b y T G A 131 blends, T M A of 128 d o u b l e k n i t polyester 121,124 flat cellulose triacetate extension analysis of 121,125 n y l o n single 121,125 thermal analysis of 120,126 F i l l e r metal 77 F i n a n c i a l support of student t u i t i o n .... 40 F i r e a r m residue 88, 9 7 , 1 0 4 , 1 0 5 , 1 8 7 Firing and non-firing hands, antimony f r o m ..." 103 and non-firing hands, b a r i u m f r o m 102 p i n impressions 77 test data 92 Flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy 100 F l a m m a b l e accelerant residues 108


201


INDEX

F l a t cellulose triacetate extension analysis 121 Florence test 186 Fluids, physiological 53,142 Fluorescence 72,185 Forensic applications of differential scanning calorimetry 114 bloodstains a n d p h y s i o l o g i c a l fluid analysis 142 chemistry at Northeastern U n i versity 28 c u r r i c u l u m of M . S . i n 38 disciplines, personnel i n the 44 evidence applications 75 materials 49 science 58 science 46 curriculum 16, 37 degree p r o g r a m , staffing p r o b l e m in 19 education 1,4 educators i n 10 laboratory (see C r i m i n a l i s t i c laboratory ) l a w enforcement course 22 materials science a p p r o a c h to 33 milestones i n 2 origins of 3 personnel policies i n 8 photoluminescence techniques for 183 program symbol, F T U 15 research 31, 43 scientist 23 serology , 142 toxicology 162,163,164 Fry's reagent 65 F T U forensic science p r o g r a m s y m b o l 15

η-Gamma reactions 98 Gas chromatography ( G C ) 168,171 for flammable accelerant residue detection 108 for h e r o i n sample analysis 173 - m a s s spectrometry 168 G a s - l i q u i d chromatography ( G L C ) 137 G e n e t i c markers i n b l o o d ... 48, 5 3 , 1 4 2 , 1 4 7 Glass 50, 189 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) 143 G m sites o n the I g G molecule 148 G m t y p i n g of bloodstains 146 G r a d u a t e education i n forensic chem istry at Northeastern U n i v e r s i t y 28 Greases 130 G r i n d i n g swarf 77 G u n s h o t residue 88, 9 7 , 1 0 4 , 1 0 5 , 1 8 7

H Hair 130,191,193,194 H a l l u c i n o g e n i c drugs 33 H a n d b l a n k values 90, 91, 92 H a n d w a s h i n g samples f o r a n t i m o n y a n d lead analysis 102,103,190 Haptoglobins 144,148 H e a d s p a c e recovery of arson debris .. 110 Hemoglobin 144,146 Hemolysates, r e d c e l l 151,155 Heroin 170,171,173,176 H i g h pressure l i q u i d c h r o m a t o g r a p h y 168 H o l o g r a p h i c r e c o r d i n g techniques 86

I g G molecule 148 Immunoassay, m e c h a n i z e d 165 Immunoassay techniques 167 I n f o r m a t i o n system, n a t i o n w i d e c o m p u t e r i z e d crime laboratory 50 Infrared luminescence properties 136 Ink(s) analysis 134,138 chromatography of 32,136,137 color, type, a n d i n f r a r e d l u m i nescence properties of 136 dyes, spectrophotometry of 136 electron diffraction of 137 formulations 136 identification a n d d a t i n g 135 library, standard 135 testimony 138 Inorganic components, identification of paper b y 33 Inorganic composite products charac terization, organic— 61 Inorganic solids characterization, n o n metallic 60 Institute of c h e m i c a l analysis, a p p l i c a tions a n d forensic science 30 Instrumentation 28 Insulation, safe 79 Internship 17, 39 Inv sites o n the I g G molecule 148 Inv t y p i n g of bloodstains 146 Isoenzyme(s) 143 Ε Α Ρ phenotype 154,155,157 lactate dehydrogenase ( L D H ) 147

Job placement Justice, p h i l o s o p h y of Justice system, c r i m i n a l

40 7 23

Κ K n i t polyester fiber, d o u b l e

L a b o r a t o r y , forensic science (see C r i m i n a l i s t i c laboratory )


124

FORENSIC


202 Lacquer 80,128 L a c t a t e dehydrogenase ( L D H ) isoenzymes 147 L a c t i c a c i d dehydrogenase schematic 148 L a s e r holes, encoding system u s i n g .... 68, 69 L a w enforcement p r o g r a m , forensic .... 22 L E A A ' s forensic science research program 43 Lead 99,190 Lectures 24 Liquid chromatography 32, 3 4 , 1 6 8 - l i q u i d extraction 167 recovery of arson debris 109 L i v e r extract of barbiturates, e t h y l acetate 34 Luminescence 183 decay properties 183,186 excitation a n d emission spectra of 183 glass identification b y 189 properties of inks, i n f r a r e d 136 M M a g n e t i c methods on serial n u m b e r recovery 67 M a n a g e m e n t of forensic science laboratories 45 Management training 6 Marijuana 80 M a r k i n g system, serial n u m b e r 67, 68 Mass f r a g m e n t o g r a p h y methods 168 M a s s spectrometry 165,168 M a t e r i a l s characterization 58 M a t e r i a l s science a p p r o a c h to forensic science 33, 58 M e n s t r u a l b l o o d identification 146 Mercury radiation 72 Metabolites, d r u g 33 Metal(s) " 59 cold worked 66 defects 64 filler 77 hardness differences 66 n u m b e r stamped on 63 plastic d e f o r m a t i o n of 62 M e t a l l i c samples, characterization of 60 M i c r o b a l a n c e , electronic 117 M i c r o s c o p e , comparison 83 M i g r a t i o n pattern, isoenzyme 154 M i n e r a l components of paper, inor ganic 33 M N , antigenic svstem 142 Μ Ν b l o o d group 156,160 Monoacetylmorphone 171 Morphine 171 M . S . programs i n forensic chem istry 36, 37, 38

Ν Nails Naphthalene

130 185

SCIENCE

N a t i o n a l c r i m i n a l justice education consortium 29 N a t i o n a l Institute of L a w E n f o r c e ment a n d C r i m i n a l Justice 43 Neuraminidase 153,156,158 N e u t r o n activation analysis. .88, 9 7 , 1 0 0 , 1 7 0 N o n m e t a l l i c inorganic solids charac terization 60 N o n - p o l y m e r i c materials 130 Northeastern U n i v e r s i t y 28, 31 Nylon fibers 122,121,127 N u l l hypothesis 93 N u m b e r stamped o n m e t a l 63 Ο 0 -monoacetylmorphine Oils Organic - i n o r g a n i c composite products characterization solids characterization toxic agents 6

171 130

61 61 167

P a c k a g i n g materials 130 Paints' 50, 79,128 Paper ashed 34, 71 E D A spectra of 80 identification 33, 58, 70, 72 polyester finished 123 S E M x-ray energy spectrum of 34 separations 72 untreated 71 Personnel i n the forensic disci plines 8, 9, 44, 59 P G M electrophoresis 145 P h . D . program 41 Phenotype Ε Α Ρ ( see Ε Α Ρ phenotype ) P h i l o s o p h y of justice 7 Phosphoglucomutase ( P G M ) 143 6-Phosphoglueonate dehvdrogenase (6-PGD) ' 143 Phosphorescence 188,193,194 P h o t o g r a p h y tracings 152 Photoluminescence techniques 183, 184 Photomicrographs, S E M 77. 80 P h y s i c a l evidence analysis 14, 24, 28 P h y s i o l o g i c a l fluid analysis, forensic 53, 142 Plastic deformation of metal 62 Police cases 164,165 Polyester 120,121,123,124 Polyethylene w i r e coating 131 P o l y m e r i c materials 128 Polymorphism 142, 151 Polypeptides 51 P o p u l a t i o n frequencies 142,143, 144 Post-mortem cases 164, 166 Potential, c h e m i c a l 64 Primer, b a r i u m f r o m 88


203

INDEX

Proficiency testing, criminalistics laboratory Proof, p r o b l e m of Proteins i n b l o o d , p o l y m o r p h i c Putrefactive bacteria

54 6 142 151

Q Q u a n t u m y i e l d of luminescence emis sion

183


R Radiation, mercury 72 Radioimmunoassay 146,167 R e d c e l l hemolysates 151,155 Reference collections of forensic mate rials, standard 49 Refractive index glass 50 R e p l i c a - p r o d u c i n g techniques 86 Research, forensic science 28, 31, 43 Residue, firearm 88, 9 7 , 1 0 4 , 1 0 5 , 1 8 7 Residues, flammable accelerant 108 Resistivity, electrical 67 Restoration methods 66 R h antigenic system ... 142 R h b l o o d group 156,160 R u b b e r tire 130 S Safe insulation 79 Sample collection 99 Sample-size-limited test schedule 119 S c a n n i n g calorimeter 117 S c a n n i n g electron microscopy (SEM) 72,86 comparison of w o o d samples 81 i n forensic evidence applications 75 for paper identification 72 photomicrographs 77, 80 x-ray energy spectrum 34 Scientific techniques, court accept ance of 56 Scientist i n c r i m i n a l justice system, role of 23 Search systems, b u l l e t 83 Searching system, automated ballistics file 84 Semen 52 S e m i n a l stains 147,186 Serial n u m b e r m a r k i n g system, i m proved 67 Serial n u m b e r recovery 58, 61, 63, 64, 66, 67 Serology, forensic 142 Sickle c e l l h e m o g l o b i n 146 Significance level 93 Single fibers 125 Skin 88,130 Soaps 130 S o d i u m c h l o r i d e crystals 80 Solids characterization 60, 61 Solvent systems, T L C of ... 136

Solvent w a s h recovery of arson debris 110 Spectrophotometry 26,136 S p i n - l a b e l immunoassay techniques .. 167 Staffing problems i n forensic science degree p r o g r a m 19 Stains o n cloth 188 S t a n d a r d reference collections of forensic materials 49 Starch-gel electrophoresis 151,152 Steam d i s t i l l a t i o n recovery of arson debris 110 Steel 64, 69 Surface-analyzing methods, bullet 85 Surface characterization 75, 85 S w a b technique, cotton 89, 99 Swarf, g r i n d i n g 77

Τ t-distributions 91, 92, 94 t-test 95 Technique ( s ) court acceptance of scientific 56 evaluation of 56 limitations of 5 Test schedule, sample-size-limited 119 T e s t i m o n y , witness 28 Textbooks 26 T h e r m a l analysis 117,120,126 T h e r m o g r a v i m e t r i c analysis (TGA) 114,131 T h e r m o m e c h a n i c a l analysis ( T M A ) 114 cellulose triacetate 120 of drugs 130 of fibers 120,122, 128 of hair, n a i l a n d skin 130 n o n - p o l y m e r i c materials 130 of p a c k a g i n g materials 130 of paints, lacquers, a n d other coatings 128 of p o l y m e r i c materials 128 of tire r u b b e r 130 T h i n layer chromatography ( T L C ) 136, 168 Tire rubber 130 T o p o g r a p h i c a l analyses 76 T o x i c agents , 167 T o x i c o l o g i c a l analysis 167 Toxicologogist, forensic 162,163 T o x i c o l o g y , forensic 162,164 T r a i n i n g , management 6 T u i t i o n , financial support of 40 U U l t r a s o n i c cavitation 66 U l t r a v i o l e t spectrophotometry ............ 168 Underivatized heroin 176 Universities, response of 11 U n i v e r s i t y , Northeastern 28, 31 U r i n e sample for d r u g or alcohol abuse cases 165


FORENSIC

204 V V a r i a n t polypeptides Vehicle information number V e h i c l e s , auto p a i n t color chips for

51 77 50

17, 28 81

X X - r a y diffraction analysis X - r a y energy spectrum

70 34

Y

W 110 130 128,131

Yarn

125,127

Ζ Zymogram


W a s h recovery, solvent Waxes W i r e coatings

Witness testimony W o o d samples

SCIENCE


143

Forensic Science

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