3804
BOOKREVIEWS
Vol. 80
T o coridense this information within t h e confines even of z/rcon/uni coinpounds and an appendix oii nietallography of this fairly bulky volume was indeed an ambitious underzirconium. T h e reviewer believes t h a t t h e discussion of taking; t h a t iilany important facets of zirconium metaliiietallograpliy could have been considerably improved by IurgL- ar-e, as a result, inadequately reflected is of less including suitable micrographs, and was surprised t o ~ i < i t v conscqueiice th:m the author’s achievement of a critical t h a t the entire text was issued without a single illustrativu :ind valuable collation of the d a t a in several areas. of a typical microstructure. .lfter two s h i r t introductory chapters devoted t o occurThe particular interests of t h e autliur in metal reduction reiice :LIICI use of zirconium, tlie author discusses estractioii and melting undoubtedly account for t h e high quality of froiii the ore and processes pr~rposedfor separation of zirtlie sections devoted t o these topics; i t is regrettable t h a t conium and hafnium. It is unfortunatc t h a t the book was the reviewer cannot equally commend his coverage of other apparently sent t o press late in 1956 and t h a t lielice the fields. It was well known in 1957 t h a t practically all the declassification of iriformatiori on the Zr-Hf separation coniniercial production of zirconium was devoted t o nuclear processes early iii 1957 did not permit coilcentration on deapplications, particularly those involving exposure to higli scriptioii of the proc s c~iriiinereiallyin use. The foltemperature water. T e t , t h e author appears reluctant t o hiwiiig three chapters iriirably a r i d critically rcvieLr the associate liis subject with nuclear encrgy. This is exemplireductioii and refinement processes for metallic zirconium fied in his discussion of uses of zirconium in which he devotes with respect t o early developmeiits iii this field, present dniost as much space t o neurosurgical applications, which practice, and Iirocesses showing promise for future developwill furnish an outlet for a few ounces of zirconium per year, liletlt. xo better review of t h e present status of this subject :is t o nuclcar applications, and f a r less than is devoted to c:m be recoiriirieiided t o tlie reader. clectroiiic applications utilizing pounds rather than tons of The physical properties of Irictallic zirconiuin are rezircouiuni. This attitude has a much more serious effect viewed iii a subsequent chapter which consists prirriaril>-of ;I IT ith respect to the author’s discussicin of radi:ttiuu ?Elihtiiig of available data. The reader will find this scctiliii fects on zirconium. Here he confines llis discussion t o four useful for reference but will gain froin it a r i iiiaclequatc ap- references, one of which can be seriously misleading to tlic Ireciatioil of the interesting physical inetallurgy b e l ~ a v i ~ ~reader r unless properly interpreted. Even these references (if zircoiiiuni arid its alloys. ivere improperly abstracted in t h a t the flus exposure was The book continues with t\vo leiigtliy b u t not very criti- quvted in terins of thermal flus, which probably lias little cal chapters on mechanical properties of zircoriiuiri and of iir no pertinence to property changes, rather than i i i tcrrrib zirconium alloys. Tlie author, apparently b y oversi c i f fast flux. This lack of appreciation of the problems x i s cliosc t u iiiclude exactly the same curve (Figs. 76 anti itig during application appears to have led, for example, 111 in c x h chapter, and t h a t curve of somewhat question complete omission of information CJU the technologically significance in the first place. Little or no discrimination highly important fatigue properties; t o omission of (lata 0 1 1 or clnlihasis is ciiiployed in discussion of the properties so liydrvgen pickup during processing arid operation, and 1111 tli:it tlic reader riot preriously informed on this subject control of hydrogen content; t o an itiadequate discussioii 11 ould have difliculty in separating information of v:lluc for of t h e iiiechaiiical property effects of hydrogen; t o no coliqiplication from t h a t included merely for t h e sake of coin- sideration of the hazards and problems in use of zircmiulll pleteness. Tllc effect of heat treatment on properties o f in hot \rater systems; t o lack of mention of the principal a])zirconium is often more profound than t h a t of tlie ainount or plication of zirconium in fuel clernents, much less of fabricanature of t h e alloying addition. I n most cases t h e treattion techniques such as roll bonding; t o scattered arid i l l iiieut prior to determination of properties is not specified c~iiripletereferciicc to the inajur coinmercial alloy of zirciiso t h a t o d y doubtful interpretation and use of tlic data are iiiuni, %ircaloj--?, and no reference t o its modifications; t o possible. failure to discuss tlie problems of surface finishing arid pickT h e folhviilg two cliaptcrs are de\-lited to the chemical ling ~vliicliarc of such coniniercial concern and the effects of nieltiiig practice on \\-eldability, corrosirin resistance, etc. Iii-operties of zirconium. Here again one gaius the iinpression t h a t the author has aimed at iticlusiveiiess rather than l’vhiy additional omissions could be added t o this list. In suniinary, then, 1)r. Miller is considered t o have mude di~criininatiuiiand emphasis. For esample there appears to Iic little value, in :I book dated 1957, in devoting space t o :i substantial coritrihuticin to t h e literature o l l retluctioii :111(1 Fig. 123 showing pressure changes 011 lieatiiig zirconiuni refining of zirconium nietal and its subsequent iiielting; tliilse liowclcr in nitrogeii without specificatioii of particle size, interested in the physical metallurgy, fabrication, and su1)selieatiiig rate, etc., particularly when d a t a are available quent application of zirconium will find this book iuterestiiig pcriiiittiiig quantitative calculatioii. and helpful, but will find i t advisable to supplement the i i i formation by extensive reference t o other literature. It was expected t h a t t h e chapter oii alloying behavivr of zirconium would exhibit the high quality which one 113s TINGIIOUSE ELECI‘RIC CORPORATIOX coiiie to expect of discussions of this topic in British metalUETTIS ATOXICPon-ER D ~ v r s ~ o s BESJAMINLCSTMAS lurgical tests. In general the chapter confirined these es1’. 0. Box 146s Ixetatioiis. I t is, however, iiicoriiplete iti t h a t the author, PITTSBERGII 30, PA. 1)robal)ly again b y oversight, oinittecl incution of several sl-steiiis oil which inforination is readily :tvailablc. For es:iiii1~1c,the systems of zircoiiiurii with indium, zinc, and cadFree Radicals in Solution, CHEVES~VALLISG, I’rofcssor creii tli~iughcach can t e of considerable of Chemistry. Columbia University. John JViley aud inetallurgical iiiipcirt:uice. .I further Sons, Inc., 4.40 Fourt!i Avenue, Sew York 16, N.Y. 1967. is tlie colicc;iliiient ( i f iiifiirin,~tiiiuo i l exiriiig pickling of z i r c ~ i ~ i i u i ~ i ~ ~ ~al~ ~ - ~ t isii i i u ~ i031 ~ pp. 15.5 X X3.5 cni. Price, $14.50. I ~ i y s ,which lias Ijeeti :i major subject ( i f c~i~iccrii, iii t h e tlis.\fter reading this biiuk I was compelled t o look agnill :it cussiiiii of tlie zircoiiiuin~-urariiuiiibiiiary systetii. u itli i l l ) tlvu earlier n.orks ou Free Radical Cliernistry, xianlcly, “The iiides rcfereiicc to it t h a t the re\ricn-er ~ r a ablc s tn fiiitl. ;Uipliatic Free Kadicnls” b y F. 0. Rice and K. I(. Rice, and “The Chemistry of Free lbdicals” b y W . r\. 1fTaters. The clinptcr t i i i melting practices iiiipresscd the reviewer as liciiig complete, critical, anti authoritative, aiid is again Doing this gave oiie tlic proper perspective against which t o rccouinieiitletl tu the reader as the 1, espmitioii available :!ssess t h e present volunie. It also brought home very forcibly how tremendous have been the advances in the chemisiii this field. On tlic other liaiiti, I I though zircoiiiuin t r y of free radicals in the p s t few decades. T h a t Professor 1iini(luctioii k i s cspandctl teil-f(ilt1 during tlie past four years 1J-aIlinghas been ablc t o give such a very lucid, learned, and : r i i t l its fabricatioii Iias, during tllis period, iiiatle the ?raiisiticin froin largely g(iverniiieiit-i)l)cr3teti facilities to co~ii- detailed account of this enormous branch of clietnistry is nothing short of :mazing. tiicrciul fabrication, the nutlmr chosc to devote i i ~ imore il):ice tli this subjcct than !ic (lid in liii first editilin. In Professor JVallitig introduces liis subject with a chapter 0 1 1 fact, tlic subsequent chapter O I I po\vc!er metallurgy of zir- Tlie Structure atid Physical Properties of Free Radicals. 111 this lic discusses t h e cvidetlcc for t h e esisteiicc o f free cotiiuin occupies dimist :is iiiucli space :is t h a t devoted to dl other fabricatioii, joiiiiiig, aiid surface fiiiisliiiig iJractices r,itlical~and iiiclutles ;L brief :Lccount of the recent paramagV V ~ I Itilough no siguificaiit quantity of nintcrid is Iirescntl>. netic resmaiicc n-ork. Wii? cliaptcr is followed by a very faIirie:ited by t he lornier tecliniquc.. ‘rlir reatler is taugooti uiie i n the Cheiiiic i
